• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2013

Maritime transportation circumstance is changing rapidly in accordance with the increase of cargo volume between countries and increase of marine leisure activities by improvement of quality of life. And the circumstance for ship operation is also changing due to aging of seafarers and increasing of foreign seafarers. To cope with such changes in maritime environment well, it requires higher safety management skills from shipping companies, the main subject in charge of the safety matter. In this paper, we analyzed domestic and foreign similar system, and then applied imitation strategies for introduction of an unific evaluation and management system that was consist of marine accidents, port state control, ISM Code and so on from shipping companies. We defined that the imitation industry and system are converted accident ration of construction industry and traffic safety excellence company of road transportation, and then extracted relevant law, evaluation index, incentive system as a imitation subject. We also proposed scheme that introduction of basis law, and evaluation tool with marine accidents ratio, port state control & ism code result, and incentives such as immunity of safety inspection or reduction of commission for introduction of company's safety management level evaluation system. Finally, we proposed the imitation timing and plan in stages for system's sustainable development through the prompt introduction and continuous enforcement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.514-522
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• 2020

To understand the ecotoxicological differences between representative Skeletonema sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta, both producers as international standard test species for marine ecotoxicity testing, we compared each standard test method, and comparatively analyzed the suitability of the species for environmental assessment and their sensitivity to various test substances. Although most of the test conditions were the same in each method, there were differences in limitation of pH changing and the initial inoculation density in the validation criteria, which is supposed to originate from the low growth rate of D. tertiolecta. In terms of suitability, both species showed consistency in test performance by repeatedly meeting the validation criteria required by the standard test methods. The salinity ranges available for testing were 20 and 10 psu for Skeletonema sp. and D. tertioelecta, respectively. Finally, regarding sensitivity, the toxicity sensitivity of Skeletonema sp. was relatively higher than that of D. tertiolecta for the reference toxicant, actual polluted water discharged (ballast water), and other chemicals. This implies that using at least two species of microalgae from different classification groups could help increase the reliability and objectivity of test results in the performance of marine ecotoxicity tests using producers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper aims at contributing to the national economic development through global competitiveness enhancement by marine finance's hub and marine logistics cluster by finance specialization and finance support as a creative-type service industry in global shipping port logistics. This study adopted the integrated approach and applied it to policy implementation to achieve the effectiveness. Creative-type marine finance development stages as a tool of policy implementation and the guide line for the time of policy implementation are followed by Stage 1(Construction & Growth Policy) for 2013~2016, Stage 2(Forstering & Activation Policy) for 2017~2019) and Stage 3(Continuous Development Policy) after 2020 until its completion. Korea has the inferiority over the competitiveness in global marine finance and needs a strategic approach to secure the liquidity of marine finance; interim, Islamic finance has been come to the force as a new alternative in financial transaction being accompanied by a spot transaction since the crisis of global finance. In order to create a potential slack of Korea in marine finance practice, in addition, this study suggests a consortium with the circle of Islamic finance as a clue of an easier policy implementation at the beginning stage.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

The noise levels on board ship recognized at Europe in the early 1970s and the noise regulations on board ship began to put in a statutory form. After that, in 1982 "International Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships" adopted by IMO and it became standard to the newly built ship and remain so to this day. Especially, the ship engine room, which have huge main engine and various kinds of subsidiary machines, is under an extremely loud condition and so the worker who works in it is easy to lose his hearing. Recently, each nation regulates the allowable noise exposure time by law to protect the industrial employee from the occupational hardness of hearing. In our country, the allowable noise exposure time is regulated by the labor standard law but the international provisions regulated by IMO have been applied in case of the ship engine room. In this paper, the cabin's noise levels of cargo-passenger ships plies south-west coast line were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.3 s.26
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

The noise levels on board ship recognized at Europe in the early 1970s and the noise regulations on the ship began to put in a statutory form. After that, in 1982 'International Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships' adopted by IMO and it became a standards to the newly built ship and it remains up to recently. Especially, the ship engine room, which have huge main engine and various kinds of subsidiary machines, is under an extremely loud condition and so the worker who works in it is easy to lose his hearing. Recently, each nation regulates the allowable noise exposure time by law to protect the industrial employee from the occupational hardness of hearing. In our country, the allowable noise exposure time is regulated by the labor. standard law but the international provisions regulated by IMO have been applied in case of the ship engine room. In this paper, the cabin's noise levels of cargo-passenger ships plies south-west coast line were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2005

The concentration of atmosphere carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) which is one of the major greenhouse gas, continues to rise by the increase in fossil fuel consumption, forest destruction and decrease of biological diversity, etc. In order to weaken the global warming, a reduction of $CO_2$ discharge to the atmosphere is required. The $CO_2$ ocean sequestration technology utilizes the intrinsic oceanic capacity of $CO_2$ absorption, diluting and/or dispersing the liquefied $CO_2$ in the deep ocean (>2,000 m). This geo-engineering approach is regarded as one of the occasions to mitigate the $CO_2$ concentration in the atmosphere. Some developed centuries such as Japan, USA, Norway, etc. have intensively carried out the projects on the research and development of $CO_2$ ocean sequestration since 1990s. There have been several approaches to develop the relative technological system to mitigate the increasing $CO_2$, however, there was no systematic and practical R&D programme in the $CO_2$ ocean sequestration. This paper has described the state of the art on the three optional methods of $CO_2$ sequestration, and compared with them in the aspect of the applicable possibility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1999 by meetings 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC (Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the International Marine Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of the IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the application of organo-tin compounds as biocides in Anti-fouling systems by Jan. 2003, and a complete prohibition on te presence of organo-tin compounds on ships by 1 Jan. 2008. This paper suggests a method to design International Anfi-fouling system cretificate, Record of anti-fouling system, Endorsement of the Records, Declaration on Anti-fouling System, Port State Control and reform(legislative) associated a law.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2005

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) formally came into existence upon the entry into force of the UNCLOS on 16 November 1994. By adopting the Implementing Agreement in 1994, UNCLOS has the universality as a Magna Carta of International Ocean Regime, and the Deep Seabed Mining Regime could be operated as a unique one for the benefit of mankind. During last 10 years, ISA established the institutional framework successfully and made substantial and tangible progress in formulating the rules, regulations and procedures for the prospecting and exploration for polymetally nodules. Furthermore, RPI's obligations had been carried out completely, and the 7 RPI made contract with ISA to become a contractor who has an at least 15 you exclusive right for exploration in their allocated site. However, due to the uncertainty of commercial mining, the number of representatives from developing countries has been getting looser and looser and ISA has a problem of quorum of the Assembly. Land-based producers took a very strong opposite position to the contractors to make their loss in the minimum level. For the next decade, it might be prospected that ISA will focus on monitoring the contractor's activities, making rules, regulations and procedures for exploration on cobalt rich crust, sulphide and methane hydrate and implementing environment studies.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.13-46
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• 2015

Dokdo issue reaches beyond economic and security interest to Koreans, as it is regarded as symbol of her independence. Albeit the fact that Japan has merely no legitimate title over Dokdo, Japan has been tenaciously insisting their jurisdiction over Dokdo since the independence of Korea. Under such circumstances, public outrage towards Japan is most certainly understandable. Yet, mere outrage itself, lacking in logic and factual grounds, can contribute little if not any, to the desirable solution of the problem. Precedents reveal that dealing maritime issues amid lack of profound understanding in international law has often led to undesirable results, such as the inclusion of Dokdo in the Joint Management Fisheries Zone in 1999 Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement. In a sense, adroit use of international law is a critical element in preserving Korea's sovereign rights against persistent Japanese plans to rob Dokdo once again. The Dokdo issue is inextricably bound to international law; the legal status of Dokdo as island, the equitable solution of maritime boundary delimitation and effective control, existence of dispute. Yet, the public policies and arguments made by pundits are generally in lack of understanding in international law. It is now the time for Korea to commence on long-term cross-academia / department plans to establish Dokdo strategy as part of the nationwide maritime strategy effectively using international law as its stronghold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

A person who intends to become a maritime pilot shall have sea experience as a master, pass the apprentice pilot test and pilot test, and obtain a license from the Minister of Oceans and Fisheries. In Korea, the government limits the number of pilot licenses, considering the demand for pilotage. An inherent problem exist in the apprentice pilot test system as it conducts a relative evaluation based on test scores without an absolute evaluation standard. The purpose of this study is to identify problems of the current pilot test system and to suggest ways to improve the pilot certification system. In this study, the history of amendments of the pilot certification system in the Pilotage Act was investigated, and implications were derived by examining international standards for pilot certification, and a survey was conducted on 77 incumbent pilots. Consequently, a plan to improve the domestic apprentice pilot test and a step-by-step implementation plan for pilot certification system improvement were presented. The results of this study are expected to be utilized not only for the development of the government policy on pilot certification and for related academic basic data.