• Title/Summary/Keyword: 국수

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Recreation Impacts on Soil and Vegetation and Estimation of Psychological Carrying Capacity in Mt. Bukhan National Park (북한산 국립공원의 토양 및 식생에 대한 이용영향 및 심리적 수용력의 추정)

  • 이경재;김준선;우종서
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.46-65
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    • 1987
  • This study was excuted to measure the user's impact area of the Bukhan Mountain National Park. Eighteen sites of the campsite and the picnic area were sample to measure the impact rating of soil and vegetation. And three belt transects were sampled to analyze soil properties and vegetational change by the user's impact. Also user's psychology was investigated through questionnaires with the visitor and 726 answers were collected from May to June in 1987. The regression equation was significant between the distance and the soil hardness. individual number per 100$m^2$, herb coverage and similarity index from the center of picnic area to the non-use site. The tolerant tree against user's impact are Lespedza maximowiczii. Stephanandra insica, Actinidia arguta Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and the sensitive trees were Fraxinus rhy chophylla Sorbus alnifolia. and Rhodadendron mucronulatun. The facilities factor and social factor are the most affecting factors to User's psychology by the varimax rotated factor analysis. The carrying capacity of the picnic area was 25$m^2$ per man by the degree of psychological satisfaction.

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Trail and Campground Deteriorations, and Their Environmental Changes of Soil and Vegetation in Chiak Mountain National Park (치악산 국립공원의 등산로 및 야영장 훼손과 주변 토양 및 식생환경의 변화)

  • 권태호;오구균;권영선
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.50-65
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    • 1988
  • Trail and campground deteriorations and their environmental changes of soil and vegetation were studied in Guryong district of Mt. Chiak National Park in 1988. The Widths of both the entire trail and the bare portion as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. and regressions showed the significant positive relationship between slope along the trail and maximum depth of the trail($R^2$=0.35). Deterioration types of trail which had higher frequency for a total of 63 observations were rock exposure(48%), trail deepening(29%) and root exposure(27%) in the high order. And occurence of trail deterioration was considerably influenced by slope along the trail Ecological changes of soil and vegetation of trailsides were not found at a uniform tendency but could be grouped, by the types of user's disturbance. On campsites. tree damage types and their frequencies were basic as a means of which grasp the limits of user's impact. The area with damaged trees on campsite in pine forest were larger than that in mixed forest and the frequency by damage type of trees varied according to the distance from the core of campsite and to the crown layer. Water content, pH and hardness of soil. coverage of lower trees, species and individuals per 100$m^2$, basal areas of upper and middle layer of trees had significant relationship with the distance from campsite to forest. The range influenced by user's disturbance was more than 70-80m, md Staphylea bumalda, Morns bombycis, Stephanandra incisa and Securinega suffruticosa were considered as tolerant species to user's impact.

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Vegetation Structure around Abeliophyllum distichum Habitats (미선나무 자생지 주변의 식생구조)

  • You Ju-Han;Cho Heung-Won;Jung Sung-Gwan;Lee Cheol-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.382-391
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to establish the effective and systematic counter plan of conservation by analyzing vegetation on Korean endemic plants and rare and endangered plants, Abeliophyllum distichum, habitats and to present the raw data and direction on counter plan of restoration. The dominant species of tree layers were Platycarya strobilacea(Goesan-gun Chujeom-ri I), Pinus densiflora(Goesan-gun Songdeok-ri II and Yulji-ri III), Robinia pseudo-acacia(Yeongdong-eup Maechon-ri IV), Quercus variabilis(Jincheon-gun Yongjeong-ri V) and Pinus densiflora$.$Quercus variabilis(Buan-gun Junggye-ri Ⅵ). Subtree layers were dominated by Quercus dentata(1st site), Quercus serratu(2nd site), Quercus acutissima(3rd site), Robinia pseudo-acacia(4th site), Zelkova serrata(5th site) and Quercus variabilis(6th site). And the dominant species of shrub layers were Lindera obtusiloba(1st and 5th site), Lespedeza bicolor(2nd site), Stephunandra incisa(3rd site), Quercus aliena(4th site) and Rhododendron schlippen-bachii(6th site). The dominant species of herb layers were surveyed Humulus japonicus$.$Pueraria thunbergiana(1st site), Oplismenus undulatifolius(2nd and 4th site), Carex siderosticta$.$Pueraria thunbergiana(3rd site), Streptolirion cordifolium$.$Humulus japonicus(5th site) and Sasa borealis(6th site). Among the surveyed sites, the Goesan-gun Yulji-ri supremely abounded in species and individuals, and there was surveyed each 21 species and 116 individuals. As well, this site showed the highest H'(1.123) and H'$_{max}$(1.322). Therefore, Goesan-gun Yulji-ri formed diverse vegetation and Yeongdong-eup Maechon-ri and Buan-gun Junggye-ri showed relatively poor vegetation.ation.

The First Record on the Rhynchocypris kumgangensis from Taehwa River, Korea (태화강에서 처음 채집된 금강모치(Rhynchocypris kumgangensis))

  • Byeon, Hwa-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.745-750
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    • 2016
  • Morphological characteristics and population characteristics of the Rhynchocypris kumgangensis were investigated at Taehwa River from April 2014 to April 2015. This is the first record on R. kumgangensis not only from Guksu stream (the upstream region of Taehwa River, Ulsan-si Ulchu-gun Beomseo-eup Kuksu-ri) but also from the stream flowing into the Gangneungnamdae stream, in the southern part of East Sea, Korea. The morphometric characteristics of R. kumgangensis in the Taehwa River and the Han River are very similar except that the population at Taehwa River showed shorter caudal peduncle length than caudal peduncle depth when compared with the population at Han River. In terms of meristic character the population at Taehwa River showed fewer numbers of scales at the lateral line, above the lateral line and below the lateral line. Other than that, the two populations showed the same meristic characters. The fish cohabiting with R. kumgangensis mainly composed of Zacco platypus (25.2%), Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (24.1%) and Zacco koreanus (21.8%). Length frequency distribution analysis indicated that the length of the group ranged between 45~65 mm and the average length was 54.3 mm. Calculation of the length-weight relation of R. kumgangensis showed the value of constant a as 0.000002 and b as 3.34, and the Condition factor (K) was 1.10 an on average.

The Flora of Three Mountains in Ganghwa Island, Korea (강화도 지역 3개 산지의 관속식물상)

  • Kim, Sang Jun;Shin, Hyun Tak;Heo, Tae Im;Yoon, Jung Won;Kwon, Yeong Han;An, Jong Bin
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.604-619
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    • 2016
  • This study is aimed at identifying the distribution of vascular plants growing at Byeollipsan(Mt.), Bongchunsan (Mt.) and Gucksoosan(Mt.) in Ganghwa isand. Field surveys were conducted for each season from March 2015 to October 2015. The flora of study area were found to be of 455 taxa, 93 families, 280 genus, 392 species, 4 subspecies, 53 varieties and 6 forma. Rare plants were found to be of 3 taxa. Among them, rare plant species consisted of endangered species (EN degree):1 (Thalictrum simlex var. brevipes Hara), vulnerable species (VU degree): 2 (Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino, Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge), respectively. In all the surveyed areas, a total of 6 taxa (Clematis brachyura Maxim. etc.) were found to be endemic to Korea. The floristic special plants found in the surveyed areas were 1 taxa of grade Ⅴ, 4 taxa of grade Ⅳ and 8 taxa of grade Ⅲ, respectively. The naturalized plants were identified as 29 taxa and included Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Aster pilosus Willd. etc..

The Production, Distribution, and Utilization of Rice in Japan (일본의 쌀 생산, 유통 및 이용 현용)

  • Inouchi, Naoyoshi
    • Food preservation and processing industry
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2002
  • 일본은 기후적으로도 쌀의 생산에 적합하며 쌀은 일본의 주곡이다. 1893년 국립농업연구소가 설치된 이래로 쌀은 품질과 단보당 생산량이 꾸준히 개선되어와 116의 노동시간으로 생산량은 2.5배의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 진전은 재배방법의 개선, 비료, 농약, 재배기술, 기계화, 관개배수, 농지개량 등의 요인들로 볼 수 있다. 현재 일본에서 생산되고 있는 주요 쌀 품종으로는 코시히카리($35.5\%$), 히토메보레($9.7\%$), 히노히카리($9.0\%$), 아키다코마치($8.5\%$), 키라라($4.8\%$) 등 10여 품종이며 최근에는 형질전환 품종의 연구와 함께 생물공학적 연구 ,생리, 품질, 곤충과 잡초, 토양, 식품가공 등 기본적인 연구에 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 새로운 형태의 쌀 품종으로는 냉동조리쌀밥, 초밥, 레토르트룡 쌀 등 가공용으로 적합하도록 하기 위하여 아밀로오즈의 함량을 $5-15\%$로 낮춘 쌀이나 카레, 필라프, 튀김 쌀 등의 용도에 적합하도록 아밀로오스의 함량을 $30\%$이상으로 높인 쌀뿐만 아니라 곡립의 크기와 길이 등을 변형시킨 쌀, 유색미, 향미, 단백질 함량 조절 쌀, 거대 배아미, lipoxygenase 활성을 없앤 쌀, 단맛나는 쌀 등이 연구, 생산되고 있다. 일본에서의 쌀이용은 먼저 가공용 쌀을 들 수 있다. 밥, 청주, 스낵, 쌀가루, 미소발효 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있으며 parboiled rice와 이의 색과 향을 개선한 converted rice, 현미를 이용한 가공쌀, 쌀빵, 현미가루, 세척미, 쌀국수, 쌀스낵, 당과, 죽, 쌀은 채소아 함께하는 타키코미고한, 초밥, 냉동쌀밥, 무균포장밥, 건조밥, 즉석밥 등 매우 다양하다.는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특정기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.=0.002)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 결론 : 본 기관에서 시행되어진 근침윤성 방광암에 대한 방광보존치료법은 기존의 근치적 방광절제술에 비하여 대등한 치료성적을 내는 동시에 $63\%$에서 장기보존이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 치료법이 방광암의 치료에 적극적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각하며 향후 여러 기관이 참여하는 활발한 연구를 통해 한국인에게 가장 적절한 치료법을 개발해야 될 것으로 생각한다. B2+3, C1, C2+3군에서 수술달독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $79\%$$75\%$ (p=0.88), $100\%$$100\%,\;44\%$$68\%$ (p=0.01)이었다. 전체 환자를 대상으로 다요인 분석을 시행한 결과 생존율과 무병생존율에 병기만이 유의하였고 두 치료 군에서도 역시 병기가 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 전체환자에서 골반종양제어율에 유의한 예후인자로 다요인분석을 시행한 결과 병기와 수술방법이 유의하였다. 수술단독군에서는 병기만이 유의하였고 방사선치료 추가군에서는 수술방법만이 유의하여 복부회음절제술군의 골반종양재발률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 후향적 연구에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료를 시행하여 수술단독군에 비해 병기 C2+3군에서 골반종양제어율이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 병기 B2이상의 모든 환자에서 골반종양제어율 뿐만 아니라 생존율의 향상을 가져오기

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A Survey of College Students Opinions on School Cafeteria in Northern Kyungkido Area (경기 북부 지역 대학생들의 학교식당 이용실태)

  • 황윤경;이지호;김수희
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 1997
  • This survey was based on the college students opinions on their cafeteria in northern Kyungkido area during three weeks(5th Nov.∼21st Nov., 1996). The rate of the daily usage of the college cafeteria was 64.29% in day time class, 44.35% in night time class. The first reason of using the college cafeteria was 'no other place to eat' in day time class(49.38%) and night time class(68.01%). The second reason was 'to be economical' and the third was 'to save the time'. The main reason for not using the college cafeteria was 'bad taste' in day time class(52.09%) and night time class(31.99%). The percentage of the students who ate outside of the college in day time class was 68.63% and night time class was 37.37, 31.18% of the night time class ate the dinner at home after school. The average type of the meal were : the boiled rice, noodles, cookies and bread(from the most to the least). The students survey showed rather dissatisfactory response on taste, preference, the number of the side dishes except the quantity of the food. The necessary improvements for the college cafeteria were, first, 'improve the quality and taste of the food' and 'increase the variety of the menu', 'lower the price' and 'sanitation' were followed.

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Effect of processing parameters on TiO2 film by room temperature granule spray in vacuum (상온진공과립분사에 의한 TiO2 코팅층에 미치는 공정변수의 영향)

  • Kim, Han-Gil;Park, Yoon-Soo;Bang, Kook-Soo;Park, Dong-Soo;Park, Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.22-27
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    • 2017
  • $TiO_2$ films, thickness of $1{\sim}30{\mu}m$ were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature by room temperature granule spray in vacuum. The starting powder was calcinated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 4 h using $Al_2O_3$ crucible in the furnace. The particle size of the $TiO_2$, $1.5{\mu}m$ was measured by a particle size analyzer. The effect of different process parameters such as number of pass, gas flow rate and feeder voltage was studied. As the number of passes increased, the film thickness increased proportionally due to adequate kinetic energy conserved. The effect of three different flow rates (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 LPM) on deposited film was investigated. As gas flow rate increased, the film thickness increased up to 25 LPM and then decreased. Higher feeder voltage with low flow rate of 15 LPM resulted in unsufficient coating thickness due to insufficient kinetic energy. Microstructure of $TiO_2$ films was investigated by scanning electron microscope and high resolution tramission electron microscope.

Regeneration Process in Gap of Quercus mongolica Forest (신갈나무림의 Gap 내 재생과정)

  • 강상준;최철수
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2000
  • The pattern of gap regeneration and vegetational changes were carried out in gaps with different ages and in an intact forest in a Quercus mongolica (mongolian oak) stand located at Munsubong of Mt. Worak. In the early stage of gap formation, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Tripterygium regelii, Quercus mongolica, and Stephanadra incisa were dominants in shrub layers. The numbers of shrubs with smaller diameters at ground surface were abundant in the early stage of gap formation. On the other hand, as gap age increased, the number of individuals of Quercus mongolica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla forming tall tree layer decreased. However the diameter at ground surface of Quercus mongolica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. There were few young Quercus mongolica, but those over 130 years old appeared in mature Quercus mongolica stands. The last regeneration episode ended about 130 years ago and the new one started 40 years ago in this study site. Considering the presence of Quercus mongolica below 40 years old in gap and the absence of Quercus mongolica from 40 to 130 years old in closed stand, it is concluded that Quercus mongilica forest is maintained by discontinued regeneration.

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Effect on Instant Buckwheat Noodle on Digestibility and Lipids Profiles of Liver and Serum in Rats (인스탄트 메밀국소가 백서의 소화흡수율, 간장 및 혈청지질 농도에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Yong-Soon;Ahn, Cheol;Shim, Ho-Heum;Choe, Myeon;Oh, Sang-Yong;Lee, Sang-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.478-483
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    • 1992
  • To evaluate a possible effects of instant buckwheat noodle on hepatic and serum lipids profiles, apparent digestibilities and growth rate, male young rats were fed diets containing sucrose as a control group, instant 100% wheat flour noodle, or instant wheat noodle fortified with either 10% or 30% buckwheat flour as experimental groups for 4 weeks. Weight gain and feed intake in the two buckwheat noodle fed groups were similar to those of the wheat flour fed groups. In addition, no significant differences were found in the apparent digestibilities among the groups experimented. There were no differences in the hepatic and serum cholesterol levels due to the diets. However, Buckwheat noodle group showed a trend to decrease the liver and serum concentration of triacylglycerol, compared to the sucrose and 100% wheat flour groups. The addition of buckwheat flour to wheat flour up to 30% seemed to be effective in lowering the hepatic triacylglycerol level. After 10hr fasting, the serum glucose level of the buckwheat noodle group was similar to the levels of the other groups. The presented results indicate that instant noodle containing buckwheat at the level of 30% has a mild hypotriglyceridemic effects, and no adverse effects on the digestion of macronutrients in rats.

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