• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2010

The majority of chronic gingival ulcerative lesions are known to be due to autoimmune disease such as oral lichen planus, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris. Topical or systemic corticosteroids are mainly used and adjuvant drugs like immunosuppressant, anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials or antimetabolites can also be prescribed. Because systemic corticosteroids causes various side effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbance, osteoporosis, diabetes or adrenal suppression. So, topical steroid therapy is main treatment for chronic gingival ulcerative lesion confined to small area. However, there's also limitation of topical corticosteroids. The effect of the corticosteroids decreases due to salivary flow and the movement of the tongue, lips, or buccal mucosa. When the lesions are widely distributed or positioned deeply in oral cavity, it is hard to apply the medication on patients' own. Moreover, it can be applied to unaffected mucosa. Although occlusive steroid therapy using stent was reported to minimize taking steroid and overcome the faults of applying topical steroids, it has been used less frequently in the clinical field. Therefore, this report is going to find out the usefulness and the way to utilize clinically through the case which acted satisfactorily by performing topical steroid therapy using stent on chronic ulcerative gingival lesions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2005

Purpose : Phimosis is the inability to retract the foreskin of the penis over the glans of the penis. Even though phimosis is not pathogenic, the presence of phimosis is known to increase the risk of urinary tract infection in infancy. The use of topical steroids has been advocated as a safe and economical alternative to surgical intervention. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of topical steroids for the treatment of phimosis in young boys. Methods : A total of 53 boys with phimosis were divided into two groups to distinguish between the efficacy of low-potency topical steroid(group 1, 27 cases) and of high-potency topical steroid (group 2, 26 cases). Results : The success rate increased in the process of time. After 6 weeks, the success rate was 21 cases in group 1 and 22 cases in group 2. There was no significant differences in treatment outcomes between the two groups. The age of the boys, the appearance of prepuce prior to treatment, and the presence of previous symptoms, including symptoms of UTI, and ballooning of the prepuce at micturation had no significant difference on treatment outcomes. Conclusion : Topical steroid was effective in treatment of phimosis in boys younger than 4 years old. Although treatment outcomes between low- and high-potency topical steroids were not significantly different, those treated with a high-potency steroid cream showed more fast improvement. Further studies are necessary to assess systemic side effects of steroid treatment, duration of treatment and prevention of genitourinary tract infection in male infants.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Purpose : Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) is known to have a poor prognosis and a poor response to treatment. We performed a combination therapy of plasmapheresis, steroid pulse and immunoglobulin in 4 patients with relapsed steroid dependent(SD) or steroid resistant(SR) FSGS after steroid pulse therapy. Materials and Methods : 8 cycles of plasmapheresis were performed in 4 patients with biopsy proven FSGS who had relapsed after steroid pulse therapy from March 1988 to July 2002. Clinical findings and treatment courses were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among the 4 patients, there were 3 males and 1 female. After 8 cycles of plasmapheresis, clinical remissions were obtained. Two of the four patients had two relapses and received 2 more cycles of plasmapheresis which resulted in remissions. One of these patients had two further relapses and was treated with oral steroid resulting in clinical remission. Three patients have maintained normal serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rates during the follow-up period of 10 years, and the other 1 patient for 5 months. Conclusion : A combination therapy of plasmapheresis, steroid pulse and immunoglobulin led to a complete remission in patients with FSGS who were SD or SR and was effective in maintaining normal renal function.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 1991

이온 영동법은 전기력의 도움으로 이온화된 물질의 신체조직내 침투를 증가시키는 술식으로서 전신적 부작용은 줄어드는 반면, 국소부위의 약물농도를 증가시킬 수 있다는 장점 때문에 효과적인 국소요법으로 인정받고 있다. 치의학 분야에서는 과민상아질의 치료를 위해 불소 이온영동법이 빈번히 이용되어져 왔으며, 국소마취제나 항바이러스 제재의 도포시에도이용되었다.또,이온 영동법에 의한 스테로이드 투여로 피부나 구강점막의 염증성 질환의 효과적 치료를 보고한 많은 문헌이 있으나, 이온영동법에 의한 스테로이드의 구강점막에의 침투량이나 분포에 관해서는 거의 소개된 바가 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 방사선 동위원소가 부착된 dexamethasone을 이온영동법을 이용하여 가토의 협점막에 침투시킨후 자기방사선 술식에 의해 그 침투량과 분포를 대조군과 비교 평가하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이온영동법은 단순 국소도포에 비해 dexamethasone과 0.1M 인산소다 완충용액의 혼합액(dexamethasone in 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer solution)의 가토 협점막 침투량을 증가시켰으며, 양극을 사용하였을 때 더 효과적이었다. 2. Dexamethasone과 0.1M 인산소다 완충용액의 혼합액 투여 4시가, 24시간후 까지도 양극 잉온영동법이 효과적이었으며 은입자의 감소는 투여 4시간부터 24시간 후 사이에 주로 일어났다. 3. 인산소다 완충용액의 첨가는 양극 및 음극에 의한 이온영동법 모두에 효과적이었으며, 양극에 가장 효과적이었고 단순도포군에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 이온영동법에 의한 스테로이드 투여는 피부뿐만 아니라구강점막 염증성 병소의 효과적 치료술식으로 여거질 수 있다. 시와 maximal clenching시 사이의 치아 접촉시간에서도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

Purpose : Since Mendoza(1990)'s report that long term methylprednisolone pulse therapy by Mendoza protocol (MP therapy) is a good treatment option in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS), there have been reports of the effects of this therapy in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, no studies have been performed on the effects of MP therapy in steroid- dependent nephrotic syndrome and secondary nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effects of long term MP therapy in primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome in which previous treatment options were not effective. Methods : We chose 10 children who were diagnosed with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome(SD-MCNS), who had shown frequent relapse during the immunocompromised or cytotoxic therapy Period, and 6 children with FSGS and 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome children, who had shown no response during the previous therapy period. We treated these patients according to Mendoza protocol involving infusions of high doses of methylprednisolone, often in combination with oral cyclophosphamide for 82 weeks. Results : In all the 10 children with SD-MCNS, complete remission was visible on average of $18{\pm}9$ days after MP therapy was started. However, all these children relapsed during or after MP therapy. In these children, the mean relapse rate prior to MP therapy was $2.1{\pm}1.0$ relpases/year, which was reduced to $1.4{\pm}0.9$ relapses/year during MP therapy(P>0.05) and rose to $2.7{\pm}1.0$ relapse/year after MP therapy. Of the 6 children with FSGS, 4 children($67\%$) showed complete remission, of whom 3 children($50\%$) remained in the remission status during the follow up period, $1.2{\pm}0.7$ years, after the end of MP therapy. 2 children($33\%$) showed no response. All of the 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome showed remission and remained in the remissiom status during the follow up period, $1.7{\pm}0.6$ years The only side effect of MP therapy was transient hypertension in 10 children of ail subjects during the intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone. Conclusion : We conclude that although long term MP therapy is not effective in the treatment of SD-MCNS, it is an effective therapy against intractable FSGS and secondary nephrotic syndrome. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 117-24)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 2017

Local anesthetics are widely used in clinical dentistry. However, while rare, there have been some reports of true hypersensitivity to local anesthetics. A case of hypersensitivity in a 26-month-old boy is reported. After administering local anesthesia with lidocaine, treatment was performed while the patient was under oral sedation. After treatment, the patient presented with lower lip edema. Treatment with anti-histamines and a steroid successfully reversed his symptoms.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.751-754
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• 2010

A 6-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented with a 3-month history of recurrent ulcerative keratitis with noticeable opacification and vascularization of the right cornea. The lesion was nonresponsive to topical antibiotics and to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ophthalmic examination showed signs of ocular discomfort, such as epiphora and blepharospasm, in the right eye. Biomicroscopic examination revealed an irregular, edematous, vascularized mass with pink to white tissue on the entire cornea and mild conjunctivitis. A tentative diagnosis of feline proliferative eosinophilic keratitis (FPEK) was made on the basis of clinical appearance. Cytologic examination of the cornea showed a mixture of numerous eosinophils and mast cells, which confirmed the original diagnosis of FPEK. The cat was treated with a topical antibiotic-corticosteroid combination, cyclosporine ointment, trifluridine eye drops, and oral Llysine. The clinical signs improved remarkably 18 days after the cat was first examined. The short-term use of corticosteroids and long-term use of cyclosporine and an anti-viral agent resolved the lesion without recurrence of the disease for 1 year.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) or aseptic pyuria (AP) on physiologic phimosis and to evaluate the effect of topical steroid therapy and preputial hygiene on the resolution of AB and AP. Methods : Ninety uncircumcised boys (age 1-72 month, median 16 month) with AB or AP were examined for physiologic phimosis and allocated by the preputial retractibility into the non-retractile group (n=59) or the retractile group (n=31). Topical steroid therapy [topical application of hydrocortisone (0.1%) cream with physiotherapy] were prescribed (three times a day) and the method of preputial hygiene (gentle retraction of prepuce and water cleansing) was instructed to the non-retractile group. After 2-4 weeks, the preputial retractibility was reevaluated and urine examination was repeated. To the retractile group, only the method of preputial hygiene was instructed and urine examination was repeated two weeks later. Results : Among 90 boys with AB and AP, 65.6% (59/90) had the nonretractile prepuces and nonperformed preputial hygiene. In the nonretractile group, the prepuces became retractile in 81.4% (48/59) after topical steroid therapy. Among boys (n=48) whose prepuces became retractile after topical steroid therapy, AB or AP resolved in 77.1%, decreased in 18.7% and persisted in 4.2%, which were significantly different to 18.2%, 2.37%, 54.5% in boys (n=11) whose prepuces were persistently nonretractile (P=0.0114). In the retractile group (n=31), 65.2% was compliant to preputial hygiene. In boys (n=23) who were compliant to preputial hygiene, AB or AP resolved in 65.2%, decreased in 26.0% and persisted in 8.2%, which were significantly different to 12.5%, 50%, 37.5% in boys (n=8) who were not compliant (P=0.0457). Conclusion : Physiologic phimosis was an important cause of AB or AP. Simple topical steroid therapy on the nonretractile prepuces and good preputial hygiene could improve AB or AP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2012

Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cell-mediated immune responses, but the exact cause is unknown. Sulfasalazine has shown efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus. Objective Our purpose was to assess the usefulness of sulfasalazine in treatment of OLP resistant to corticosteroid therapy. This study provides a new option for controlling OLP symptoms. Methods Two patients with the symptomatic reticular form of OLP were treated with 30 mg/5 ml of topical sulfasalazine for 8 to 15 weeks and were evaluated for symptom severity using a numerical analog scale during each week of treatment. The lesion size was measured using a 2 $mm^2$ grid. Results After 2 weeks of application, both patients reported improvements in their symptoms and lesions. Most of the lesions disappeared after 8 weeks of treatment without any side effects. Conclusion Topical sulfasalazine can be a successful treatment option for patients with oral lichen planus resistant to steroid therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to know the effect of Korean medical treatments on prurigo nodularis. Methods : We treated a 9-years-old boy patient with prurigo nodularis with Korean Medicine. After Korean medical treatment for 6 months, we measured the change of nodule and itching. Results & Conclusions : Symptoms of prurigo nodularis were improved remarkably. Nodule was reduced and itching was removed. Thus Korean medical treatments are effective on prurigo nodularis.