• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1565-1569
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• 2008

지난 수십 년 동안, 아시아 태평양 지역 각국은 수자원 접근성 및 인프라의 확충을 포함한 물관리의 다양한 측면에서 현저히 발전하였다고 평가되고 있다. 그러나 급속한 인구 증가 및 경제 성장, 도시화, 기존 수자원의 고갈 등은 아태 지역의 물 수요가 여전히 충족시키지 못하는 원인이다. 또한 기후변화로 인한 환경적 변화를 고려하여 모든 수자원정책의 입안 및 계획이 이루어져야 한다. 경제적 성장률은 전반적으로 높았지만 빈곤 문제는 역시 도시나 농촌을 구분할 것 없이 만성적인 문제로 남아 있으며, 아태 지역 개도국 인구의 16%가 영양실조 상태이며, 2015년까지 그 수를 반감하자는 밀레니엄 개발목표(Millenium Development Goals, MDGs) 달성은 아직 갈 길이 멀다. 또한 아태 지역은 물 관련 재해에 대해 전 세계에서 가장 취약한 지역이며 그로 인한 지속가능한 발전이 지체되고 있다. 1960년부터 2006년까지 물 관련 재해로 인한 전 세계 사상자의 80%에 달하는 60만 명의 사상이 아태 지역에서 발생하였으며, 80억 달러의 경제적 손실이 있었다. 홍수, 가뭄, 쓰나미, 폭풍, 해일 등으로 인한 사회경제적 피해는 최근 들어 더욱 확산되고 있다. 지난 10년간의 급속한 인구 증가로 많은 인구가 범람지대 및 기타 재해 취약 지역에 거주하게 되었으며, 이는 물 인프라 확충을 위한 많은 투자를 요하고 있다. 2006년 3월 멕시코에서 개최된 제4차 세계물포럼의 지역별 추진과정에서 아태 지역은 생태계, 인구, 정치적 제도 및 사회경제적 환경 등 각국의 다양성이 이와 같은 공통된 물문제 해결에 기반이 될 수 있는 요소임에 공감하고 지속적인 수자원 확보와 올바른 수자원관리에 공동의 노력을 기울여 효율적인 메커니즘을 구성을 통해 아태 지역의 사회경제적 발전을 촉구하기로 하였다. 이에 아시아 태평양 물포럼(Asia-Pacific Water Forum)이라는 새로운 이니셔티브가 구성되었고 물 관련 재원 조달 및 인프라 확보를 통해 국경을 초월하는 협력을 증진하고 재해 관리와 조화로운 수자원 개발과 생태 보호등을 위한 일관된 수자원정책 수립과 프로그램 개발 등을 목표로 설정하여 활동을 시작하였다. 아시아 태평양 물정상회의(이하 아태 물정상회의, Asia-Pacific Water Summit(APWS))는 이러한 목표 달성을 구체화하기 위해 각국의 지도자 및 정책입안자에 밀레니엄 개발목표(MDGs) 달성을 위해 물 문제가 얼마나 중요한지 부각시키고 실질적인 정책 결정에 기여하기 위해 제안되었다. 제1차 아태 물정상회의가 2007년 12월 3-4일 양일에 걸쳐 일본 벳부에서 개최되었고, 2008년 G8 정상회담이나 2009년 제5차 세계물포럼에 직접적으로 연계되어 지역 협력을 주도한 가운데 아태 지역 뿐 아니라 전 지구적으로 인류 및 사회 발전을 위한 이정표로 새로운 수자원 네트워크 발돋움의 계기가 되었다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.319-354
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• 2013

As creative economy gets attention, the capabilities of transforming creative ideas into intellectual property and utilizing it commercially have become important than ever before. Korea is lack of the capabilities of utilizing intellectual property compared to those of accumulating it. This paper focuses on the strategic implication of an injunctive relief, which has a far-reaching impact on firms' business strategies as well as national industrial competitiveness because losers in lawsuits are expelled from markets. It analyzes the Samsung-Apple global IP lawsuits about smartphones and tablet PCs, which have expanded into 9 countries since 2011 when the Apple filed the IP lawsuit against Samsung in the US for the first time. In particular, this paper analyzes the requirements to get the permanent injunctive relief in the lawsuits of intellectual property from reviewing the ruling in the court of the US in 2012 and draws some implications from the perspective of business/industrial strategies. This paper has some limitations in that the lawsuit are still ongoing and it is the first attempt to find out the clue that connects legal and strategic issues in the rulings. Regardless of the limitations, however, this paper expects to contribute to raising the issues as to the importance of harmonizing the capabilities of managing technology with law, in order to survive under the era of creative economy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

For more efficient and proactive safety control of imported food, new trend in U.S. is emerging, which assesses the food safety control systems of exporting countries using Systems Recognition Assessment Tool and helps ensure safety of imported foods. This study examines trends in development and application of assessmemnt tool and country assessment reports in U.S. where an active discussion on this issue is in progress. The expert interviews were also conducted. U.S. Systems Recognition Assessment Tool was developed by FDA to recognize the potential value in leveraging the expertise of foreign food safety systems and help ensure safety of imported food. The tool is comprised of ten standards and provides an objective framework for determining the robustness of trading partners' overall food safety systems. Using its own tool, the U.S. FDA conducted a preliminary assessment of the food safety control systems of New Zealand and Canada. According to the U.S.-New Zealand and the U.S.-Canada assessment reports, the overall structure of the systems was similar between the countries. In summarizing the opinions of experts, such a trend in National Food Safety Control System Assessment may be utilized in the sanitary assessment and the control of imported food border inspection frequency before importing food. It would contribute to more effective distribution of national budget and increased public trust. Additionally, international collaboration as well as securing of qualified experts and sufficient budget appear to be crucial to further increase the utility of National Food Safety Control Systems Assessment. In conclusion, firstly, it is critically important for the competent authority of South Korea to proactively respond to international trend in National Food Safety Control System Assessment by identifying the details of its background, assessment purpose, core assessment elements, and assessment procedures. Secondly, it is necessary to identify and complement the weaknesses of Korea's food safety control system by reviewing it with U.S. Systems Recognition Assessment Tool. Thirdly, by adapting the assessment results from imported countries' food safety control systems to the imported food inspection intensity, the resources previously used in inspecting the imported food from accredited countries can be redistributed to inspecting the imported food from unaccredited countries, and it would contribute to more efficient imported food safety control. Fourthly, the competent authority of South Korea should also consider developing its own assessment tool designed to reflect the unique characteristics of its food safety control system and international guidelines.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.287-325
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• 2017

Considering the development of aerospace, military science and technology since the 20th century, the sky is very important for the nation's existence and prosperity. The proverb "Whosoever commands the space commands the world itself!" emphasizes the need for the command of the air. This essay is the first study on the status of airspace after reunification. First, the territorial airspace is over the territory and territorial sea, and its horizontal extent is determined by the territorial boundary lines. Acceptance of the present order is most reasonable, rather than attempting to reconfigure through historical truths about border issues, and it could be supported by neighboring countries in the reunification period. For peace in Northeast Asia, the reunified Korea needs to respect the existing border agreement between North Korea and China or Russia. However, the North Korean straight baselines established in the East Sea and the Yellow Sea should be discarded because they are not available under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is desirable for the reunified Korea to redefine the straight baselines that comply with international law and determine the territorial waters up to and including the 12-nautical mile outside it. Second, the Flight Information Region (hereinafter "FIR") is a region defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (hereinafter "ICAO") in order to provide information necessary for the safe and efficient flight of aircraft and the search and rescue of aircraft. At present, Korea is divided into Incheon FIR which is under the jurisdiction of South Korea and Pyongyang FIR which is under the jurisdiction of North Korea. If North Korea can not temporarily exercise control of Pyongyang FIR due to a sudden change of circumstances, it is desirable for South Korea to exercise control of Pyongyang FIR, and if it is unavoidable, ICAO should temporarily exercise it. In reunified Korea, it is desirable to abolish Pyongyang FIR and integrate it into Incheon FIR with the approval of ICAO, considering systematic management and control of FIR, establishment of route, and efficiency of management. Third, the Air Defense Identification Zone (hereinafter "ADIZ") is a zone that requires easy identification, positioning, and control of aircraft for national security purposes, and is set up unilaterally by the country concerned. The US unilaterally established the Korea Air Defense Identification Area (KADIZ) by the Declaration of Commitment on March 22, 1951. The Ministry of Defense proclaimed a new KADIZ which extended to the area including IEODO on December 13, 2013. At present, North Korea's military warning zone is set only at maritime boundaries such as the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. But in view of its lack of function as ADIZ in relations with China and Russia, the reunified Korea has no obligation to succeed it. Since the depth of the Korean peninsula is short, it is necessary to set ADIZ boundary on the outskirts of the territorial airspace to achieve the original purpose of ADIZ. Therefore, KADIZ of the reunified Korea should be newly established by the boundary line that coincides with the Incheon FIR of the reunified Korea. However, if there is no buffer zone overlapping with or adjacent to the ADIZs of neighboring countries, military tensions may rise. Therefore, through bilateral negotiations for peace in Northeast Asia, a buffer zone is established between adjacent ADIZs.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The structure chosen to govern knowledge transfer in Inter Organizational Relationship(IOR) is often argued to be critical to the success of IOR. However, little research is done on the effective governance structure for knowledge transfer in global Business Process Outsourcing(BPO). The objective of this study is to explore the effective governance structure for knowledge transfer in IT intensive global BPO. Ground theory building methodology is used for this study. First, a generic framework on governance structure for knowledge transfer is derived from extant literature. The framework consists of potentially important constructs to study the governance mechanism for knowledge transfer. For the governance mechanism, this study focused on hierarchy/market structure, formal/informal control mechanisms and information systems. For knowledge type, the study focuses on sensitive knowledge, codifiable knowledge and non codifiable knowledge. This framework is applied to case analyses of two firms to explore effective governance mechanism to transfer each type of knowledge. As results of this study, pertinent propositions for future academic inquiry are derived.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-101
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine some aspects of international collaboration in the age of digital technologies. First, the paper describes the longitudinal structure of collaborative pattern among the 10 East-Asian countries based on their frequency of co-authoring SCI journal articles in the year 2001-2003. Second, a focus interview was made to explore the way in which new digital technologies such as the Internet have changed a research practice in the field of science, technology, and innovation. This research found that Japan and China are preferred as the number one collaborator by other Asian countries. Their share of international collaboration with other Asian countries has been increasing in three years. The results of indepth interview with a scholar suggest that digital network technologies have several advantages enabling individual and institutional actors to collaborate with each other effectively in terms of knowledge management as well as information exchange.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2014

This paper analyzes Japan's consignment management of the Chosun Railway to the South Manchuria Railway. While Chosun Railway was entrusted, its management style differed significantly from that of Japan's direct management. After eight years of trust management, the direct management of Chosun Railway was returned to Japan. This of beyond border trust management is very rare. In addition, the management of Chosun Railway by South Manchuria Railway, which had an operation style similar to that of a private company, led to changes in Chosun Railway. This research analyzes the four key traits of South Manchuria Railway's consigned management. The first key trait is the initial Korean infrastructure and operation separation model. The second key trait is the international transportation and administration segregation. The third key trait is that it expanded the railway related businesses and led to the establishment of private railway companies. The fourth key trait is that the continental linked transportation was activated. Through analyses, it would be to create a comparative study of the resulting East Asian countries' operations. Furthermore, this research will in investigating the nature of Chosun Railway.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.8A no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2001

With the general use of network, cyber terror rages throughout the world. However, IP Fragmentation isn\`t free from its security problem yet, even though it guarantees effective transmission of the IP package in its network environment. Illegal invasion could happen or disturb operation of the system by using attack mechanism such as IP Spoofing, Ping of Death, or ICMP taking advantage of defectiveness, if any, which IP Fragmentation needs improving. Recently, apart from service refusal attack using IP Fragmentation, there arises a problem that it is possible to detour packet filtering equipment or network-based attack detection system using IP Fragmentation. In the paper, we generate the real time access log file to make the system manager help decision support and to make the system manage itself in case that some routers or network-based attack detection systems without packet reassembling function could not detect or suspend illegal invasion with divided datagrams of the packet. Through the implementation of the self-managing system we verify its validity and show its future effect.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2023

It is necessary to reduce aviation GHG(CO2) emission to ensure aviation sustainable development. Operational improvements may not contribute significantly to carbon reduction but it can sustatially reduce emission in a short term. ICAO has developed GANP and ASBU to optimize operations and countries are making efforts to expand infrastructure and develop technology. The legal barriers to operational improvement are based on the notion of state sovereignty under the Chicago Convention which allows countries to control inefficiencies based on borders or limit or prohibit the passage of aircraft. Chicago Convention does not grant unlimited freedom of air sovereignty and if the concept of state sovereignty is interpreted according to the times it is possible to achieve smooth operational improvement.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.187-198
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• 2022

This study attempted to examine whether the spread of infectious diseases and quarantine measures such as border blockade and restrictions on movement due to the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is the cause of a decrease in product trade. To this end, a gravity model analysis was conducted using commodity trade statistics from Korea and major trading partners. As a result of the analysis, it was empirically confirmed that in 2020, the time of the spread of COVID-19, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic was an obstacle to reducing Korea's trade. However, in the case of 2021, it was not possible to confirm whether the impact of the pandemic had a significant effect on commodity trade. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 is different, the commodity trade situation in 2022 when the COVID-19 epidemic is stably managed is also likely to change. Since factors such as response to COVID-19 and the spread of vaccines vary from country to country, it is thought that such various factors should be fully considered in the process of establishing policies to end the COVID-19 era