• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2014

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at three sites in subtidal zone of Wangdol-cho on the east coast of Korea from May 2012 to August 2013. A total of 122 species were collected and identified, including 12 green algae, 29 brown algae, and 81 red algae. Of these, 38 species were found throughout the survey period. Average seaweed biomass was 472.19-1,198.77 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in spring, 68.99-631.14 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in summer, 200.91-401.20 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in autumn, and 53.61-922.32 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in winter. The vertical distribution based on biomass were Grateloupia lanceolata, Acrosorium venulosum, Lomentaria catenata - Undaria pinnatifida, Dictyopteris pacifica, Sargassum horneri, Ecklonia cava - Desmarestia viridis, E. cava, S. horneri from upper to lower subtidal zone. The flora was classified into six functional groups: filamentous form (34.43%), coarsely branched form (25.41%), sheet form (24.59%), thick leather form (9.71%), crustose form (5.74%) and jointed calcareous form (0.82%). The C/P, R/P and (R+C)/P values reflecting the flora characteristics were 0.41, 2.79 and 3.21, respectively. Also, diversity index (H') and dominance index (DI) indicate that the algal community and environmental condition of Wangdol-cho is stable. We recommend that Wangdol-cho subtidal zone should be more protected from human activities such as turbulence and eutrophication in order to maintain species diversity and abundance of algae.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.266-274
• /
• 2000

Understanding of microbial community structure in soil-root system is necessary to use beneficial soil and rhizosphere microbes for improvement of crop production and biocontrol. The knowledge of behavior and function of microbes in soil-root system plays a key role for the application of beneficial inocula. Because the majority of the intact bacteria in soil are unable to grow on nutrient media, both culturable and nonculturable bacteria have to be studied together. In our study, culture-independent survey of bacterial community in the soil-root system of red pepper fields was conducted by the sequence analysis of three universal clone libraries of genes which code for small-subunit rRNA (rDNA). Universal small subunit rRNA primers were used to amplify DNA extracted from each sample and PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T. Out of 27 clones sequenced, 25 clones were from domain bacteria. Two of the rDNA sequences were derived from eukaryotic organelles. Within the domain bacteria, several kingdoms were represented : the Proteobacteria (16 clones). Cytophyga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (2 clones). the high G+C content gram-positive group(1 clone) and 4 unknown clones.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.1356-1365
• /
• 2020

In this study, the extracts of Hydrangea macrophylla (H. macrophylla) flowers were investigated for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and their active constituents were identified. The anti-oxidative effects were tested by DPPH and ABTS⁺ assays. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activities, LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were examined. Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent radical scavenging activities and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Chromatographic purification of the extract led to isolation of the compounds; hydrangenol (1), prunin (2) and astragalin (3). The chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated based on spectroscopic data including NMR spectra, as well as comparison of the data in the literature values. Quantitative analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined hydrangenol (1) as the major constituent. Isolated compounds 1-3 decreased the NO level without causing cell toxicities. Based on these results, it was suggested that the extract from H. macrophylla flowers could be potentially applicable as an anti-oxidative and/or anti-inflammatory ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.12
• /
• pp.1912-1917
• /
• 2015

Pancreatic lipase is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diet-induced obesity in humans. As part of our continuing search for novel bioactive compounds, the convenient enzymatic transformation of caffeic acid into neolignans as well as related oxidized-products enhanced pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Enzymatic transformation of caffeic acid (1) using polyphenol oxidase originating from Korean pear yielded four oxidized metabolites, which were identified by different spectroscopic techniques ($^1H$,$^{13}C$ NMR, DEP/T, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY). The anti-obesity efficacy of caffeic acid reactant was tested by in vitro porcine pancreatic lipase assay. All tested samples showed dose-dependent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Four oxidative products including phellinsin A (2), caffeicinic acid (3), isocaffeicinic acid (4), and 7,8-erythro-caffeicin (5) were isolated and identified. The major metabolites (2~5) were evaluated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and oxidized-products (2~3) improved potency against pancreatic lipase when compared to original caffeic acid. This result suggested that the neolignans isolated from oxidative transformation of caffeic acid might be beneficial in the treatment of obesity and relevant diseases, and the convenient enzymatic transformation by polyphenol oxidase may be a valuable method for structural modification and enhancement of activity.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 1998

Temporal changes, density, calcimass, mode of occurrence, size-frequency histogram and survivorship curves were studied for the molluscan death assemblages on a macrotidal flat, Inchon, Korea. The living and death assemblages were compared on the basis of the taxonomic compositions and their numerical abundances. A total of 28 species (16 taxa in gastropods and 12 in bivalves) were identified. Most of the dead shells were the species inhabiting that intertidal mud flat. Species diversity was higher in gastropods than in bivalves. Seasonal variation of the calcimass was influenced by the mactrid bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. Shell-boring naticid gastropods preferred selecting the umbo areas of various valves. Size-frequency distribution and size-specific survivorship curves were analyzed for the dominant species. Survivorship curve of the tellinid bivalve, Morella rutila was convex-up in shape, which is congruent with the expected equilibrium condition but indicates higher mortality in winter. Whereas the survivorship curves of Mactra veneriformis and Reticunassa festiva were semi convex-up with dual modes, suggesting a disequilibrium due to the changes in recruitment and seasonal mortality. This study suggests that the dead shell assemblages may be useful in getting population information like live molluscan assemblages, if solved for several problems related to taphonomic processes.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.476-481
• /
• 2007

The methanolic roots bark extract of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau was chromatographed, which yielded three xanthones 1-3 by tyrosinase inhibitory activity-guided fractionation. The structures were fully characterized by analysis of physical and spectral data. Among them, furano prenylxanthone 3, never reported as tyrosinase inhibitor, showed potent activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $16.5{\mu}M$, and appeared to inhibit the polyphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase in an uncompetitive inhibitor($K_i=1.6{\mu}m$) when L-tyrosine was used as a substrate. Moreover, potent inhibitor furano prenylxanthone 3 had an extended lag time of 310 sec at $20{\mu}M$, while lag time of kojic acid as positive control was prolonged with 350 sec at the same concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.746-749
• /
• 2006

Two known flavonoids, luteolin (1) and acacetin (2) were isolated from a $CHCI_3$ soluble fraction of the whole plants of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura, and their structures were determined by NMR analysis. The luteolin (1) was isolated from this plant for the first time. These compounds were examined for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines including HCT116 (colon), UO-31 (renal), PC-3 (prostate) and A549 (lung) by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. Acacetin (2) showed significant cytotoxic activity against HCT116 and UO-31 cells with an $IC_{50}$ of 2.44 and $2.89\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.855-863
• /
• 1999

To develop new natural antioxidants, antioxidative activity of ethanol (75%) extracts from 50 edible or medicinal plants were examined on lard and palm oil by Rancimat method ($120^{\circ}C$, 20 L/hr). The extracts from Rhus verviciflua STOKES showed comparatively strong antioxidative activity on test. Of the solvents used for extraction, chloroform extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. AI (antioxidant index: induction period of oil containing extract/induction period of control oil) of chloroform extract was higher than that of commercial antioxidant, such as BHT, BHA and ${\delta}-tocopherol$. Free phenolic acid fraction (200 ppm) of the chloroform extract from 75% EtOH extract of Rhus verniciflua STOKES (RCF) showed stronger activity than that of BHT, BHA, and ${\delta}-tocopherol$ at the same concentration. RCF-11 and RCF-13 fractions separated by silicagel column chromatography from the RCF showed stronger activity than other fractions by the Rancimat method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.136-140
• /
• 2000

Two steroidal saponins were isolated from MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Asparagus oligoclonos. Using the spectroscopic techniques of $^1H,\;^{13}C$ NMR and 2D NMR, they were identified as $3-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-spirostan-3{\beta}-ol$ and $3-O-{{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl}-(25S)-spirostan-3{\beta}-ol$, respectively. They were first isolated from A. oligoclonos. The in vitro antibacterial activities as well as antibacterial spectrums against 20 bacteria strains were investigated with MIC test. Both saponins inhibited the growth of 10 bacteria strains at the concentration of$100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2011

The stem woods of Lindera obtusiloba Blume were extracted in 80% aqueous methanol and the concentrated extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, five compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. On the basis of spectroscopic data including mass spectrometry, IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer, and two-dimensional-NMR gradient correlated spectroscopy (gCOSY), gradient heteronuclear single quantum correlation (gHSQC), gradient heteronuclear multiple bonding connectivity (gHMBC), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as asarinin (1), (+)-catechin (2), (-)-epicatechin (3), hyperin (4), and nudiposide (5). Compounds 1 and 5 were isolated for the first time from the stem wood of L. obtusiloba Blume.