• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2006

홍삼 부산물의 급여는 거세돈 등심육의 일반성분에 아무런 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 홍삼 부산물의 급여는 거세돈 등심육의 육질 특성에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, pH와 보수력은 T4 처리구에서 다소 높았고, 육즙 손실은 T3 처리구에서 다소 낮았다. 홍삼 부산물의 급여는 등심육의 주관적 판정 항목에서 대조구와 비교하여 T3와 T4처리구에서 높은 수치를 나타내어 바람직한 경향이었으며, 육색에서는 a값(적색도)의 경우 대조구와 비교하여 T3와 T5 처리구에서 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타내어 적색의 바람직한 외관을 나타냈다. 관능 특성에서는 대조구와 비교하여 T2와 T4 처리구에서 다즙성과 전체 기호도가 다소 높은 경향이었고, 풍미의 경우 T2와 T4 처리구에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타내어 바람직한 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에서 홍삼 부산물의 급여는 거세돈 등심육의 육질 특성을 향상시켜 브랜드육으로서의 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2003

찹쌀 및 가루를 사용하여 담금한 고추장(시험구 A: 찹쌀가루, 시험구 B: 찹쌀, 시험구 C: 찹쌀 및 가루의 혼용)의 화학성분, 효소력 및 texture를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 적정산도, 무기성분, alcohol의 함량 및 PH는 시험구간에 차이가 없었다. 이미노태 질소함량과 산성 pretense 및 당화 amylase 활성은 A구가 높았고 환원당은 Brn가 경시적으로 높았다. Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, P, Fe의 무기성분이 각 시험구에서 검출되었고 이중 K의 함량이 가장 높았으며 Cu, Mn, Fe는 극히 미량이었다. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cystine, arginia proline 등의 유리아미노산이 60일 숙성 고추장에서 양적으로 많이 검출되었고 histidine, valine의 함량은 적었으며, 유리아미노산의 총량은 A구 16.49, B구 13.68, C 구 15.84mg/g으로서 A 구가 가장 많았고 B 구의 고추장이 가장 적었다. texture를 측정한 결과 견고성과 부착성은 담금 직후에는 A구가, 숙성 후기에는 B 구가 높았으며 응집성, 탄력성은 A 구가 높았고 B 구가 낮았다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.100-119
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• 2014

In this study, rice was used with naturally fermented extract to compare and analyze the physico-chemical characteristics and investigated how to make pan bread made with domestic wheat flour added with naturally fermented rice extract. Also, it examined quality characteristics of pan breads prepared with 0, 10, 30, 50, 70% naturally fermented rice starters. As the fermentation time of rice starters increased, pH of bread doughs decreased. On farinograph, water absorption, development time and stability of rice starters samples were lower than the control. RVA(Rapid Visco Analyzer) analysis showed that wheat flour retrogradation was retarded by increasing rice starters content. The weights of pan breads containing rice starters were higher than that of control. The moisture content of pan breads containing rice starters decreased as storage time increased. In analyzing of visible mold colony during 7 days of storage at $28^{\circ}C$, pan breads containing rice starters was retarded mold growth. In the texture analyzer measurement, hardness of breads containing rice starters significantly increased as storage time increased, which was higher than that of control. The result of sensory properties was no significant difference between the group containing 50% naturally fermented rice starters and control group, such as appearance, flavor, taste and overall quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the weed suppressing effects of different cropping system including hairy vetch and rye cover crops, polyethylene plastic film, and transplanting film mulching in direct sowing and transplanted foxtail millet field in 2011. Crop growth and development and weed occurrences in the fields were examined to know the efficiency of proposed cropping system. In polyethylene film mulching treatment, heading date of foxtail millet was earlier by 4 days than control, on the other hands, rye cover crop mulching delayed heading date by 8 days. Besides the effect of cover crop on the heading of foxtail millet, the residues changed growth characteristics. Plant height of foxtail millet was increased by 92.4% at hairy vetch treatment although the height of was reduced by 63.7% in the rye cover crop treatment. Hairy vetch treatment showed beneficial effects on foxtail millet growth reduced the occurrences of grasses and broadleaf weeds higher than 90%, as compared to control in foxtail millet fields. While rye cover crop treatment showed poor foxtail millet growth reduced less strongly grasses and broad-leaf weeds by 47% and 90%, respectively. At harvest, yield of foxtail millet was greater in order of hairy vetch cover crop > polyethylene film mulching > rye cover crop ${\fallingdotseq}$ control in both transplanted and direct sown fields.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2002

본 실험은 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 종빈우의 분만 후 번식기능에 미치는 요인을 검토하였고, 임신말기 Se과 Vit. E 를 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육능력을 조사하고, 혈액화학치와 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1. 분만 l 개월전 Se과 Vit E 을 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈다 (P＜0.05). 또한 이유시 체중과 일당증체량도 투여구가 대조구 보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 한편 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정이 빨리 도래하였고, 수태 당 인공수정 횟수도 적었으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 2. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2 개월전 4 회 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중, 이유시체중 및 일당증체량은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 한편, 한우 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정은 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정 발현이 빨랐으며 수태 당 인공수정 횟수는 투여구가 대조구에 비해 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 3. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 1개월전 2 회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin 은 Vit. E 2000IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으며 (P＜0.05), 평균 혈중 cholesterol이 함량 또한 Vit. E 1500IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높게 나타났다 (P＜0.05). 그러나 혈중 BUN, creatinine, glucose, IP, calcium, TP 및 triglycerides 함량은 처 리 구간 유의 적 인 차이 는 없었다 (P＞0.05). 4. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2 개월 전 4 회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, glucose, IP, calcium, TP 및 triglycerides 함량은 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 5. 분만 l 개월 전 Se과 Vit. E를 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 혈중 Vit. E 농도를 측정한 결과, 평균 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 농도를 나타냈으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다 (P＞0.05). 6. 분만 2 개월 전에 Se과 Vit. E를 투여한 한우 종빈우로부터 태어난 송아지의 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 농도를 나타냈으나 처리구간 커다란 차이는 없었다 (P＞0.05).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%) of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) powder. Cookies containing broccoli powder evidenced significantly lower L value than were noted in the control. The L values of brightness decreased significantly with the addition of broccoli powder to the cookie formula. The a values also decreased significantly with the addition of broccoli powder. The b value of yellowness increased significantly with increasing amounts of broccoli powder added to the cookie formula. The spread ratio increased proportionally with the quantity of broccoli powder added to the cookie formulation. The loss rate and leavening rate of the samples to which 7% and 9% broccoli powder was added were higher than those noted in the samples to which 3% and 5% broccoli powder was added. In terms of hardness, the values were significantly reduced in accordance with the amount of added broccoli powder. The results of our sensory evaluation demonstrated that the sample to which 7% powder was added was significantly more preferable in terms of overall acceptability than others. The quality characteristics of the 7% added samples evidenced significantly similar or higher values as compared to those of the controls, raising the possibility of developments in health-functional cookies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1819-1825
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydrocolloids [hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG), and glucomannan (GM)] on the physicochemical properties of bread flour dough containing rice flour. In amylograph analysis, the significantly lowest gelatinization temperature was obtained in dough with XG (P<0.05). XG revealed the highest maximum viscosity while GM revealed the lowest. In viscograph test, the lowest gelatinization temperature and maximum viscosity showed the same result as in the amylograph. Breakdown value was also highest in dough containing XG, but lowest in the control and dough containing HPMC. Setback value was highest in dough containing HPMC, but lowest in dough containing XG. In farinograph analysis, consistency was greatest in dough with HPMC and XG. Hydrocolloids affected water absorption, which was highest in dough containing GM. Development times of dough containing HPMC and XG were low. Stability was lowest in dough with XG. Degree of softening was reduced in dough containing HPMC and GG compared to the control but increased in dough containing XG and GM. Dough containing HPMC and GG showed the largest volume at 3 h of fermentation. Dough with HPMC showed the lowest pH value. Hydrocolloids in this study affected physicochemical properties of dough.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1425-1431
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• 2015

The lymphocyte component of the immune system is divided into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes produce antibodies (humoral immunity) via maturation into plasma cells, and T lymphocytes kill other cells or organisms (cellular immunity). A traditional immunological paradigm is that B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte interactions are a one-way phenomenon, with T lymphocytes helping to induce the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin class-switched plasma cells. A deficiency of T lymphocytes was reported to result in defective B lymphocyte function. However, evidence for a reciprocal interaction between B and T lymphocytes is emerging, with B lymphocytes influencing the differentiation and effector function of T lymphocytes. For example, B lymphocytes have been shown to induce direct tolerance of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and induce T lymphocytes anergy via transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) production. The present study showed that LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes inhibited the differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) from dendritic cells. An interaction between the B lymphocytes and dendritic cells was not needed for this inhibition, and the B lymphocytes did not alter dendritic cell maturation. B lymphocyte-derived soluble factor (BDSF) suppressed the LPS-induced IL-12p35 transcription in the dendritic cells. Overall, these results point to a novel B lymphocyte- mediated immune suppressive mechanism. The findings cast doubt on the traditional paradigm of immunological interactions involving B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte interactions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to compare tile effect of feeding the commercial feeds (control) or fermented food waste feeds (FEWF) on consumer's acceptability and preference of pork belly. The bellies from carcasses of gilts and barrows were used. The consumers evaluated raw meat for color, freshness, fat amount (5=too much fat; 1= not enough fat), fat acceptability and overall acceptability on 5-point stale (5=most desirable; 3=moderate; 1=least desirable) and grilled belly for flavor, taste, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability on 5-point scale (5=most desirable; 3=moderate: 1=least desirable). Raw belly of control had higher scores in color than belly fed FFWF. However, there were no differences between treatments for freshness, fat contents, acceptability of fat contents and overall acceptability (p>0.05). There were no differences in any sensory trait between control and FFWF belly after cooking (p>0.05). Mean scores for preference or overall-liking of raw and cooked belly also were not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05). This results mean that feeding FFWF to pork didn't change the sensory Properties of belly meat.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2008

We investigated the changes in growth, digestive enzymes activities, nucleic acids contents and RNA/DNA ratio of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae (C for Paracyclopina nana, A for Artemia, and M for Mix of C and A) for 14 to 28 DAH. Body length of flounder larvae showed the best in the C trial at 28 DAH. The change of nucleic acids contents showed faster in C and M trials than A trial. And RNA/DNA ratio showed the significantly faster changes in C trial than A trial. High metamorphosis rates were also observed in C and M trial. $\alpha$-amylase activities increased gradually up to 28 DAH in all trials. Total alkaline protease (TAP) activities of A trial showed the highest value to 9 mU/larvae at 26 DAH. But others trials showed lower to $5{\sim}6$ mU/larva than A trial. TAP:$\alpha$-amylase activity ratio did not significantly changed to $0.025{\sim}0.053$ in A trial during the experiments. But, C and M trials tended to gradually decrease from $0.078{\sim}0.083$ (initial) to $0.013{\sim}0.018$ (final). Therefore, it shown the ratio gradually decreased of TAP:$\alpha$-amylase activity, stability of TAP activity, and rapid change of nucleic acids in trials grown positively. Thus, because P. nana could continuously supply the optimal nutrients for flounder larvae, we suggested the supplement of the copepod to an efficient feed of the flounder larvae.