• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

Background: Distraction osteogenesis(DO) is a useful method for treating cases demanding the generation of new bone. During DO, the angiogenic activity is crucial factor in the new bone formation. The aim of this study was to detect the autocrine growth activity in the cellular components of the distracted bone with observation of the co-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its receptors following the mandibular DO. Materials and methods: Unilateral mandibular distraction(0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days) was performed in six mongrel dogs. Two animals were killed at 7, 14, and 28 days after completion of distraction, respectively. Immediately after the animals were killed, the right mandibles were harvested en block. Immunohistochemical staining was processed for observation of the VEGF expression, and double immunofluorescent staining was also processed for detection of the co-expression of osteocalcin and VEGF's two distinct receptors(VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). Results: At 7 and 14 days after distraction, the expressions of VEGF were significantly increased in the osteogenic cells of the distracted bone. Up to 28 days after distraction, VEGF was still expressed moderate in the osteoblastic cells of distracted bone. The co-expressions of osteocalcin/VEGFR-1 and osteocalcin/VEGFR-2 were observed in the distracted bone at 7 and 14 days after distraction. In the double immunofluorescent staining, the co-expression' s level of osteocalcin/VEGFR-1 was more than that of osteocalcin/VEGFR-2. Conclusion: Taken together, this study suggested that VEGF plays an important role in the osteogenesis, and these osteoblastic cell-derived VEGF might act as autocrine growth factor during distraction osteogenesis. In the other word, the cellular components, such as osteoblasts and immature fibroblast-like cellsor mesenchymal cells in the distracted bone, might have autocrine growth activity during distraction osteogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.340-349
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• 2007

Free flap transplantation with microvascular anastomosis has been successfully performed by development of surgical technique, materials and postoperative monitoring equipments of flap. But success rate of microvascular anastomosis is influenced by various factors, and failure rate is about 5-10%. The most influential factor for success rate is surgical technique and other factors that influence failure of microvascular anastomosis are ischemic time of free flap, thrombus formation of anastomosis region and vascular spasm. In this study, vascular patency and thrombus formation in experimental micro-venous anastomosis, and endothelial repair were observed with histologic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopic examination. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In vascular patency test in 30 minute and 7 days after micro-venous anastomosis with heparin irrigation, all of 12 anastomosis site were good vascular patency. 2. In thrombus formation in 2 weeks group(Experimental I), 2 site of 6 cases were observed thrombus, and in 4 weeks group(Experimental II), 1 site of 6 cases were observed thrombus. 3. In histologic examination, normal vein(Control Group) showed continued internal elastic lamina, well formed thick smooth muscle layer and connective tissue. The group of 2 weeks after microvenous anastomosis(Experimental I) showd locally recovered internal lamina, discontinued internal lamina, disorganized smooth muscle cells and granulation tissue around suture silk. In the group of 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental II), anastomosis site showed almostly continued internal lamina, disorganized smooth muscle cells and cicartrized tissue around suture silk. 4. In scanning electron microscope examination in 2 weeks(Experimental I) after micro-venous anastomosis, mesh fibrin formation showed near to endothelial cells, and in 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(EXperimental II), numerous blood cells and fibrin mesh formation was seen associated with irregular endothelial cell arrangement. 5. In transmission electron microscope examination in 2 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental I), irregular arrangement of smooth muscle cells was seen adjacent to collagenized tissue around suture silk. In 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental II), denuded venous wall composed of relatively well arranged smooth muscle cells was covered by endothelial cells, but fibroblast cells and foreign body giant cells near to suture silk was remained. From the results obtained in this study, results of good vascular patiency and anti-thrombotic effect of heparin were obtained as a local irrigation solution, and repair of venous endothelial cell was observed in 2 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical impact factors on the survival rate, and to acquire basic clinical data for the diagnosis of oral cancer, for a determination of the treatment plan with long-term survival in oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Through a retrospective review of the medical records, the factors for long-term survival rate were analyzed. Thirty-seven patients, among patient database with oral cancer treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Pusan National University Hospital within a period from March 1998 to March 2008, were selected within the study criteria and were followed-up for more than 5 years. The analyzed factors were gender, age, drinking, smoking, primary tumor site, type of cancer, TNM stage, recurrence of affected region, and metastasis of cervical lymph node. The 5-year survival rate on the impact factors was calculated statistically using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: By classification of clinical TNM at the 1st visit, there were 11 (29.7%) cases for stage I, 11 (29.7%) cases for stage II, 3 (8.1%) cases for stage III, and 12 (32.5%) cases for stage IV. The 5-year survival rate of total oral cancer patients after the operation were 75.7%, pathological TNM stage related 5-year survival rate were as follows: stage I 90.0%, stage II 81.8%, stage III 100% and stage IV 45.5%; in which the survival rate difference by each stage was significantly observed. The recurrence of cervical lymph node was the significant impact factor for the survival rate, because only 30.0% the survival rate in recurrent cases existed. During the follow-up, there were 15 (40.5%) patients with confirmed recurrence, and the 5-year survival rate of these patients was decreased as 46.7%. Conclusion: The classification of clinical and pathological TNM stage, local recurrence after surgery, and metastasis of cervical lymph node after surgery were analyzed as the 3 most significant factors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2018

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a joint pathology caused by bony and/or fibrous adhesion of the joint apparatus, resulting in partial or total loss of function. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between 2012 and 2016 in the northwest region of Nigeria. The data retrieved includes gender, age, etiology of ankylosis, duration of ankylosis, laterality of ankylosis, type of imaging technique, type of airway management, types of incision, surgical procedure, mouth opening, interpositional materials used, and complications. Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty-six patients with TMJA were evaluated during the study period. There were 21 males (58.3%) and 15 females (41.7%), yielding a male:female ratio of 1.4:1. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 33 years with $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation ($13.8{\pm}6.6years$). Thirty-five cases (97.2%) were determined to be true/bony ankylosis, while only 1 case (2.8%) was false/fibrous ankylosis. Most of the TMJA cases (16 cases, 44.4%) were secondary to a fall. In our series, the most commonly utilized incision was the Bramley-Al-Kayat (15 cases, 41.7%). The mostly commonly performed procedures were condylectomies and upper ramus ostectomies (12 cases each, 33.3%), while the most commonly used interpositional material was temporalis fascia (14 cases, 38.9%). The complications that developed included 4 cases (11.1%) of severe hemorrhage, 1 case (2.8%) of facial nerve palsy, and 1 case (2.8%) of re-ankylosis. Conclusion: Plain radiographs, with their shortcomings, still have significant roles in investigating TMJA. Aggressive postoperative physiotherapy for a minimum of 6 months is paramount for successful treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze 11 cases of subcutaneous emphysema associated with dental procedures from a single hospital and discuss approaches for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 11 patients who were treated for subcutaneous emphysema related to dental procedures between January 2009 and April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with subcutaneous emphysema within the facial area or that spread to the neck and beyond, including the facial region, were assigned to two groups and compared in terms of age, sex, and durations of antibiotic use, hospitalization, and follow-up until improvement. The correlation between location of the origin tooth and range of emphysema spread was analyzed. Results: The average durations of antibiotic use during conservative treatment and follow-up until improvement were 8.55 days (standard deviation [SD], 4.46 days) and 1.82 weeks (SD, 1.19 weeks), respectively. There was no intergroup difference in duration of antibiotic use (P=0.329) or followup (P=0.931). Subcutaneous emphysema was more common after dental procedures involving the maxilla or posterior region than after those involving the mandible or anterior region. There was no significant difference in air distribution according to location of the air orifice (maxilla, mandible, or both; P=0.106). Conclusion: Upon adequate conservative treatment accompanied by prophylactic antibiotic treatment considering the risk of infection, patients showed signs of improvement within a few days or weeks. There was no significant difference in treatment period between patients with subcutaneous emphysema localized to the facial region and those with subcutaneous emphysema spreading to the neck or beyond. These findings need to be confirmed by analysis of additional cases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to elucidate factors affecting recurrence in surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients who were diagnosed with MRONJ were analyzed according to demographic and clinical features and treatment results through a retrospective chart review from 2013 to 2017 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul in Korea. Results: Alendronate composed the majority of medication doses (55.6%), followed by ibandronate (20.0%), risedronate (15.6%), and zoledronate (6.7%). Forty patients (88.9%) were given oral medication, and five patients (11.1%) were intravenously treated, and the mean duration of medication use was $61.1{\pm}42.9$ months. A total of 10 patients (22.2%) had a drug holiday before MRONJ-induced dental treatment lasting an average of $6.8{\pm}7.0$ months. MRONJ occurred 2.7 times more in the mandible, with 41 cases (73.2%) occurring in the mandible and 15 cases (26.8%) occurring in the maxilla, and the prevalence of affected posterior parts (premolar-molar) was six times greater than that of the anterior parts (incisor-canine) (48 cases vs 8 cases, 85.7% vs 14.3%). The most common dental cause of MRONJ was tooth extraction (69.6%). Regarding recurrence, there was no statistical difference in recurrence rate according to either site or stage. However, recurrence occurred in 4 out of 34 cases (11.8%) in the primary closure group and 9 out of 20 cases (45.0%) in the secondary healing group, and there was a statistical difference with respect to closure technique. Conclusion: The identified risk factors in patients taking bone resorption inhibitors can aid dental clinicians in ensuring prevention and proper treatment of MRONJ.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Objectives: The requirement for overnight hospital stay should be considered preoperatively according to patient-related factors, type of surgery, and anesthetic management plan. In this study, we aimed to define the major factors that influence consideration of overnight hospital stay in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery in an operating room (OR) of a dental hospital in an outpatient setting. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent oral procedures under general anesthesia between 2014-2017 were reviewed. Results: A total of 821 patients underwent oral procedures under general anesthesia; 631 of them underwent OMF surgery in the OR of a dental hospital, and 174 of these patients were hospitalized for overnight stay. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with comorbidities between the outpatient and hospitalized patient groups (P=0.389). The duration of surgery was longer in the hospitalized patient group (105.25±57.48 vs 189.62±82.03 minutes; P<0.001). Double-jaw (n=15; 310.00±54.21 minutes) and iliac crest grafting surgeries (n=59; 211.86±61.02 minutes) had the longest durations. Patients who underwent iliac crest grafting had the highest rates of hospitalization (79%). The overall recovery period was longer in outpatients (119.40±41.60 vs 149.83±52.04; P<0.001). Conclusion: Duration of surgery was the main determinant in considering whether a patient required overnight hospital stay. However, patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology physical status score <3 may be scheduled for OMF surgery in the OR of a dental hospital in an outpatient setting regardless of duration of surgery if overnight hospital stay is planned or an extended recovery period is provided until patients meet the discharge criteria.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2001

쇄골두개 이형성증(Cleidocranial Dysplasia)은 autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia로 쇄골의 부재 두개골 봉합지연 및 치아이상의 특징을 갖는 질환이다. 치아이상 중에 유치열 발달은 정상인데 반해 영구치 맹출 실패가 가장 특징적인 소견이며 다수의 과잉치의 존재, 치아형태이상과 치근형태이상 등이 존재한다. 영구치의 지연 혹은 맹출 부전의 원인으로 (1) 다수의 과잉치 존재, (2) cellular cementum이 없는 기형적 치근형태, (3) 악골의 높은 골밀도, (4) 유치와 골의 비정상적 흡수를 들 수 있으며 저하된 골대사가주원인이며 두번째로 다수의 과잉치의 존재를 들 수 있다. 이의 치료방법은 더 많은 치아 맹출의 환경조성을 위한 교정치료, 외과적 처치 및 보철적 수복이 필요하다. 본 증례는 쇄골두개 이형성증으로 진단받은 7세 10개월 여 환아로 영구치 미맹출을 주소로 본원에 내원하였다. 임상구강 검사에서 유치의 만기잔존, 악궁의 협착, 전치부 반대교합과 다수의 치아우식증이 관찰되었으며 악골의 방사선사진에서 유치의 만기잔존 및 상하악에 다수의 과잉치가 관찰되었고 두부방사선사진에서 미폐쇄된 봉합과 봉간골(wormian bone)이 관찰되었으며 흥부방사선사진에서 쇄골의 부재가 보였다. 이 환아의 성장에 따른 치열 발달을 이해하고 시기에 따른 적절한 치과적 처치에 대해서 본 증례에서 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

법랑모세포섬유종은 드물게 발생하는 양성치성종양으로 조직학적으로 상피, 간엽조직이 증식하는 신생물이다. 방사선학적으로 경계가 명확한 단방성 혹은 다방성 방사선 투과성 병소로 주로 구치부에서 발견되며 서서히 팽창하여 피질골을 팽윤시키고 대구치나 소구치의 맹출을 지연시킬 수 있다. 치료법으로는 완전절제술(radical resection)과 보존적 적출술(conservative enucleation)이 있으며, 흔하지는 않지만 재발과 악성전환의 가능성이 있으므로 술 후 주기적 관찰이 필요하다. 이번 증례는 하악 우측 제 1대구치 의미 맹출을 주소로 내원한 만10세 여자 어린이와 구강 검진을 주소로 내원한 만5세 여자 어린이에서 방사선 투과성 병소에 의한 구치의 맹출장애가 관찰된 경우로, 병소를 포함한 치아를 외과적으로 제거하고 적출물을 조직검사 의뢰하여 법랑모세포섬유종으로 확진되었으며 그 후 양호한 치유과정을 보였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2011

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome은 purine 대사장애로 인해 나타나는 질환이다. 유아기부터 전신근육의 강직, 발육 저하가 나타나고 손발의 불수의적 운동이나 불규칙적인 운동이 보이며 정신지체, 강박적 자해행위가 나타난다. 자해행위는 대개 1세 전후에 나타나지만 간혹 10대 후반에 나타나기도 한다. 입술, 특히 아랫입술과 혀, 협점막, 손, 손가락 등을 깨물고 입술, 혀, 협점막 등이 손상되거나 심할 경우 절단되기도 한다. 나이가 들면서 자해 행위가 점점 심해지고 상처 부위를 통한 2차 감염 가능성이 있다. 자해행위로 인한 주기적인 연조직 손상은 심할 경우 구강암으로 이행되기도 한다. 이와 같은 자해행위를 억제하기 위해 약물치료, 장치치료, 발치, 외과적 수술 등 여러 가지 방법이 시도되고 있다. 본 증례는 자해행위로 인한 입술손상을 주소로 내원한 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 환자들을 대상으로 발치 대신 보존적 치료를 위해 가철성, 고정성 장치를 사용한 결과 입술외상의 빈도를 줄이고 심미적으로 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다.