• Title/Summary/Keyword: 교호처리

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Biochemicl Caracterization of Entomocidal Parasporal Crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains (Bacillus thuringiensis 결정성독소의 생화학적 특성)

  • Lee, Yeong-Geun;Gang, Seok-Gwon;Kim, Sang-Hyeon
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 1989
  • The parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringinsis subspecies kurstaki, dendrolimus, finitimus, aizawai and israelensis were compared by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, amino acid composition and immunological analysis. In the subspecies of kurstaki, dendrolimus, finitimus and aizawai, the molecular weights of main subusnits of crystal solubilized by alkaline solution were 1.3${\times}$105 and 6.5${\times}$104 while those of subsp. israelensis were 4${\times}$104 and 1,4${\times}$104. The degradation of lepidopteran toxic subspecies crystals by silkworm midgut protease showed 6.0-6.4${\times}$104 molecular weight and the pattern of degradation of subsp. israelensis crystals was similar to that of alkaline solution treatment. In the amino acid composition, aspartic acid in subsp. israelensis and glutiamic acid in the other four subspecies were the most abundant. The immunological characteristics of the crystals revealed that the antibody produced against the alkali-solubilized crystal protein of subsp. israelensis reacted with only its antigen, but the crystal antigens from the other four lepidopteran toxic subspecies did cross-react with each other as well as with their own homologous antisera.

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Development of Antagonistic Microorganism for Biological Control of Pythium Blight of Turfgrass (잔디 피시움마름병(Pythium blight)의 생물학적 방제를 위한 길항 미생물의 선발과 효력 검정)

  • Jung, Woo-Chul;Shin, Taek-Su;Do, Ki-Suk;Kim, Won-Kuk;Lee, Jae-Ho;Choi, Ki-Hyun
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.260-266
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    • 2006
  • Pythium blight caused by Pythium spp. is one of major diseases in putting green of golf course. In this study, microorganisms which are anatgonistic to Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of pythium blight, were selected primary through in vitro tests, dual culture method and triple layer agar diffusion method. In vivo test against pythium blight were conducted to select the best candidate biocontrol microorganism by pot experiment in a plastic house. Bacillus subtilis GB-0365 was finally selected as a biocontrol agent against pythium blight. Relative Performance Indies(RPI) was used as a criterion of selecting potential biocontrol agent. B. subtilis GB-0365 showed resistance to major synthetic agrochemicals used in golf course. Alternative application of synthetic agrochemicals and B. subtilis GB-0365 was most effective to successfully contol pythium blight. B. subtilis GB-0365 suppressed the development of pythium bight of bentgrass by 56.4% as compared to non-treated control and its disease control efficacy was 60.9% of a synthetic fungicide Oxapro(WP) efficacy. B. subtilis GB-0365 has a potential to be a biocontrol agent for control of pythium blight.

AGING EFFECT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF SELF-ETCHING ADHESIVES (자가부식 접착제의 미세인장접착강도에 대한 시효처리 효과)

  • Park, Jin-Seong;Kim, Jong-Sun;Kim, Min-Su;Son, Ho-Hyeon;Gwon, Hyeok-Chun;Cho, Byeong-Hoon
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.415-426
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    • 2006
  • In this study, the changes in the degree of conversion (DC) and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of self-etching adhesives to dentin was investigated according to the time after curing. The MTBS of Single Bond (SB, 3M ESPE, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray, Japan), Xeno-III (XIII, Dentsply, Germany), and Adper Prompt (AP, 3M ESPE, USA) were measured at 48h, at 1 week and after thermocycling for 5,000 cycles between 5$^{\circ}$C and 55$^{\circ}$C. The DC of the adhesives were measured immediately, at 48h and at 7 days after curing using a Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrometer. The fractured surfaces were also evaluated with scanning electron microscope. The MTBS and DC were significantly increased with time and there was an interaction between the variables of time and material (MTBS, 2-way ANOVA, p = 0.018; DC, Repeated Measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). The low DC was suggested as a cause of the low MTBS of self-etching adhesives, XIII and AP, but the increase in the MTBS of SE and AP after 48h could not be related with the changes in the DC. The microscopic maturation of the adhesive layer might be considered as the cause of increasing bond strength.

Changes of Biomass of Green Manure and Rice Growth and Yield using Leguminous Crops and Barley Mixtures by Cutting Heights at Paddy (두과 녹비작물과 보리 혼파 이용 시 예취 높이에 따른 Biomass와 벼 생육 및 수량 변화)

  • Jeon, Weon-Tai;Seong, Ki-Yeong;Oh, Gye-Jeong;Kim, Min-Tae;Lee, Yong-Hwan;Kang, Ui-Gum;Lee, Hyun-Bok;Kang, Hang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.192-197
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    • 2012
  • The competition between green manure and forage crops frequently occurred at agricultural field because of soil fertility and livestock feeding selection. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects shoot and residue for green manure and forage production by leguminous crops and barley mixtures at paddy. Field experiments were conducted at paddy soil from 2008 to 2009. Treatments consisted of mixture and inter-seeding of barley and leguminous crops (hairy vetch and crimson clover). These treatments were divided into cutting height of 8 and 25 cm for using of green manure and forage at once. The residue biomass of 25 cm cutting height was higher than 8 cm and were no significantly between mixture and inter-seeding. However, residues of legume crop were significantly higher at inter-seeding than mixture. The shoot biomass of 8 cm cutting height was higher than 25 cm for forage using. The production of legume crop was high at the barley and hairy vetch seeding plot. The mixture of hairy vetch and barley showed the best biomass of shoot and residue for green manure and forage using at 25 cm of cutting height. Also this treatment could be possible to rice cultivation by no fertilization. Therefore, we suggested that 25 cm cutting of hairy vetch and barley mixture could be used for green manure and forage at the same time under rice-based cropping system.

Effect of Feeding Aflatoxin $B_1$ and Vitamin $D_3$ on Metatarsus Bone Minerals of Broiler Chicks (Aflatoxin $B_1$과 Vitamin $D_3$ 결여가 Broiler병아리의 중족골 무기물함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 장윤환;여영수
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.296-302
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    • 1990
  • This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin B$_1$($AFB_1$) and vitamin D$_3$($VD_3$) in broiler chicks. The 336 broiler chicks(Hubbard line) of equally mixed sex were allocated to triplicate 8(2$\times$4 factorial) treatment groups. The 0 or 1ppm of AFB$_1$and 0, 500, 1,000 or 1,500IU/kg of VD$_3$ were supplemented to the basal diet Fourteen broilers of equally mixed sex were allocated to each replica and 24 groups were arranged in a randomized block design After 3 weeks of feeding the metatarsus were collected from the right and left legs of 4 chicks (2 for each sex) per group. The bone ash and minerals were measured. 1. In respect to the fresh weight of metatarsus bone no significant difference was found between 0 and 1ppm $AFB_1$ treatments, however, decreasing trend was recognized when fed increasing level of $VD_3$(P<.01). 2. The ash content in non-fat dry metatarsus bone decreased when fed 1ppm $AFB_1$(P<.01). However, that increased according to the increasing amount of $VD_3$(P<.01). Although there was no interaction between $AFB_1$ and $VD_3$ it was shown that the 1500IU/kg of $VD_3$ was neccessary to cover the decrease in ash content of metatarsus. when fed 1ppm of $AFB_1$. 3. The Ca contents in metatarsus were not influenced by feeding $AFB_1$ but an increasing trend was verified by feeding increasing levels of $VD_3$(P<.05). 4. The P content decreased as $AFB_1$ was fed(P<.01), while no response was found when fed'different levels of $VD_3$ 5. The Cu content decreased when fed $AFB_1$(P<.05). 6. The Na, Mg, K, Zn, Fe and Mn contents were not affected by feeding $AFB_1$ and /or $VD_3$.

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Effect of Tillage System and Livestock Manures on the Silage corn Production and NO3-N Concentration in Leaching Water (경운방법과 가축분뇨 시용이 옥수수의 생산성 및 질소의 용탈에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Min-Woong;Jo, Nam-Chul;Kim, Jong-Geun;Lim, Young-Chul;Choi, Ki-Choon;Yoon, Sei-Hyung;Lee, Ki-Won;Yook, Wan-Bang
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2009
  • Approximately 43 million tons of livestock manure (LM) are produced each year on Korean farms. LM can be utilized as a valuable resource and/or it can contaminate water by runoff and leaching through the soil, when LM has been thoughtlessly applied to the land and directly discharged into the water. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of no-till system and LM application on dry matter (DM) yield of silage corn and $NO_3$-N concentration in leaching water of lysimeter installed in the experimental field. The treatments were replicated three times in split plot design. Main plots consisted of tillage systems, such as conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), composted cattle manure (CCM) and composted swine manure (CSM). The control plots were fertilized as commercial chemical fertilizer. DM yields of corn increased significantly in order to CF > CCM > CSM (p<0.05). DM yield of corn in CT increased as comparing with that of corn in NT. Plant height, ear height and stem diameter also increased in order to CF > CCM > CSM. In addition, the root weight in CT was increased as comparing with that of corn in NT. However, there was no interaction effects of between type of LM and tillage system. $NO_3$-N concentration in leaching water of LM application was less than 10 ppm, but $NO_3$-N concentration in CF exceeded 10 ppm which is safety level of drinking water during summer time (rainfall season).

The effect of superphosphate fertilizer and composts enriched with superphosphate on the grain yield and yield components of rice (인산질비료 및 인산질강화퇴비가 수도의 수량 및 수량 구성요소에 미치는 영향)

  • Chong-Gi kim
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1969
  • These studies were carried to clarify the application effect of high leveled superphosphate fertilizer and the effect to the yield and growth of rice by the application of composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer and the results were as follows: 1) Neither statistical significance was convinced between the yield and yield component factor in each treatment in the terms of superphosphate effects, nor the additional application effect of superphosphate fertilizer was appeared. 2) In the terms of grain yield, the statistical significance was not revealed in the plots of composts applied 1000kg per 10a, of superphosphate applied 5kg, 7.5kg and 10kg per 10 a, but grain yield were 220kg in the plot of composts applied 1000 kg per 10 a, 232kg in the plot of superphosphate applied 5 kg per 10 a, 266kg in superphosphate applied 7.5 per 10a, and 243kg of 10kg $P_2O_5$ per 10a. 3) The methods of applying superphosphate and composts to rice plant making composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer a few monath before the basal application were recommended to increase grain yield and each factor of grain component. 4) The interaction of applying composts and superphosphate was revealed that applying composts with the $P_2O_5$ was recommended. 5) Grain yields were higher in the plots of 1, 000kg of composts enriched with 7.5kg of $P_2O_5$ per 10 a, and 1, 000kg of composts with 5kg of $P_2O_5$ per 10 a other than the rest of 10 treatments. 6) Appyling composts in the test was convinced as effective results to accelerate the maturing rate.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in the Paddy Field of Chungnam Province (충남지역에서의 제초제 저항성 논 잡초 발생 및 분포)

  • Won, Ok Jae;Jia, Wei Qiang;Lee, Jeung Joo;Kim, Jin-Won;Lee, Jeongran;Park, Kee Woong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.201-208
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and distribution of herbicide resistant weeds at rice fields in Chungnam province of Korea in 2017. Herbicide-resistant weeds occurred in 64,782 ha, which comprise 47.0% of the total paddy field area of Chungnam province. The infested area of herbicide resistant weeds was estimated in Seosan-si (11.9%), Nonsan-si (11.1%), Dangjin-si (10.9%), Boryeong-si (9.2%) and Asan-si (7.8%). The most dominant herbicide resistant weeds in rice fields were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Lindernia dubia, Schoenoplectus juncoides, Echinochloa oryzicola, Cyperus difformis and Sagittaria trifolia. Herbicide resistant M. vaginalis, L. dubia, and S. juncoides occurred throughout Chungnam province, and herbicide resistant S. trifolia was only found in Dangjin-si. Compared with the 2011 survey, the infested area of herbicide-resistant weeds decreased, but the incidence rates were similar. The herbicide rotation with different modes of actions across growing seasons is recommended to control herbicide-resistant weeds in the infested fields. It is necessary to monitor herbicide resistance regularly and conduct integrated herbicide resistance management in this area.

An Empirical Study on the Economical Competition Factors of Internet Retailers (인터넷 소매상의 경제적 경쟁요인에 관한 실증연구)

  • 이수정;남순해;고석하
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.3-13
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    • 2002
  • 고석하 등(2002)은 인터넷 소매상이 상품 품목의 명목 가격과 배송료를 이용해서 고객의 일회 총 구매 비용을 조절한다는 것을 밝혔다. 고석하 등(2002)은 같은 내용의 상품 조합을 인터넷 시장에서 구매하기 위한 비용과 전통 시장에서 구매하기 위한 비용을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 그 교호작용과 함께, 상품 종류와 일회 구매액/가격의 크기의 두 요소가 인터넷 시장의 전통 시장에 대한 총 구매비용 할인율의 변동의 약 60%내지 80%를 설명할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 한편, 구매액/가격은 인터넷 시장에서의 해당 산포도(전통 시장의 그것에 대비한)에는 거의 영향을 미31지 못하며, 상품의 종류도 산포도에는 할인율에서와 같이 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 인터넷 시장의 가격이나 구매비용 산포도는 상품 특성이나 구매액 크기 이외의 다른 요인에 의해서 주로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 가격 요인 이외의 경제적 경쟁요인에 관한 실증연구로서, 2002년 6월 17일부터 20일까지, 소프트웨어, PC와 주변기기, 휴대폰, 가전제품, CD, 화장품, 그리고 책의 7가지 산업 전문 쇼핑몰과 종합 쇼핑몰을 대상으로, 인터넷 시장에서 수행되고 있는 경제적인 비가격 경쟁요인에 관한 실증 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 인터넷 시장에서 수행되고 있는 경제적인 비가격 경쟁요인은 매우 다양하며, 상품별로도 다른 특성을 보이고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 인터넷 소매상의 경제적인 비가격 경쟁요인은 크게 배송료 면제와 배송료 외 인센티브 제도로 구분된다. 본 논문에서는 경제적인 비가격 경쟁요인의 모든 경우의 수를 고려할 수 있도록, 코드표를 작성하여 정리하고 분석하였다.기호로 인식하였다. 실험결과, 표준패턴을 음표와 비음표의 두개의 그룹으로 나누어 인식함으로써 DP 매칭의 처리 속도를 개선시켰고, 국소적인 변형이 있는 패턴과 특징의 수가 다른 패턴의 경우에도 좋은 인식률을 얻었다.리되고 이원화된 코드체계와 데이터 형태의 이질화를 통일하는 방법으로 데이터웨어하우스 시스템을 제시하였다. 결국 병원에서 데이터웨어하우스 시스템의 구축은 임상, 연구, 교육의 유기적 순환관계를 정립하여 지식의 순환적 고리인 수집, 공유, 확산, 재창출을 지속적 유지할 수 있는 인프라를 구축해 준다. 반면 상이한 정보들간의 충돌과 이에 따른 해석의 오류로 잘못된 의사결정을 위한 정보를 제공할 수 있고 기초정보의 접근 및 추출의 유용성에 의해서 정보유출에 대한 문제가 한계점으로 나타났다.로세스 개선을 위해서 무엇을 정말로 필요로 하는지를 밝힘으로써, 한국 소프트웨어 산업의 현실적인 특수성을 고려한 소프트웨어 프로세스 평가와 개선 모델의 개발을 위한 기초적인 자료를 제공할 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는, 우리나라 소프트웨어 조직들이 실제로 무엇을 필요로 하는지를 밝힘으로써, 우리나라의 소프트웨어 산업을 육성하기 위한 실효성 있는 정책 입안을 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 것으로 예상된다.를 검증하려고 한다. 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(關係)있음을 시사(示唆)해 주고 있다.ble nutrient (TDN) was highest in booting stage (59.7%); however no sig

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Variation in Larvae Development and Moth Emergence of Striped Rice Borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) and Damages in Rice Cultivars under Different Levels of Nitrogen and Silicate Fertilizers (질소 및 규산시비수준에 따른 수도품종간 이화명충의 발육ㆍ우화 및 피해정도의 변이)

  • 손상목;김기준
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 1982
  • The average weight of larvae, the percentage of survival larvae and the percentage of moth emergence in first and second generation of striped rice borer showed lower values in Akibare(Japonica variety) compared with those in Milyang 23 (Indica variety). At higher nitrogen level the larvae weight in second generation of striped borer was increased. The percentage of survival larvae in second generation was gradually decreased by applying the silicate fertilizer in both cultivars. The moth emergences in both generations of striped rice borer were also lower at high levels of silicate fertilizer. The percentage of white head of rice plant was reduced by the application of silicate fertilizer. The ratio of SiO$_2$ to T-N of the rice stem was related negatively with the percentage of survival larvae and the moth emergence in second generation of striped rice borer, and also with the percentage of white head of rice plant.

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