• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.153-167
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• 2017

Nowadays, as many robots are developed for desktop, users interact with the robots based on speech. However, due to technical limitations related to speech-based interaction, an alternative is needed. We designed this research to design a robot that interacts with the user by using unconditional reflection of biological signals. In order to apply bio-signals to robots more effectively, we evaluated the robots' overall service evaluation, perceived intelligence, appropriateness, trustworthy, and sociability according to the degree of the robot's embodiment level and the response speed of the robot. The result showed that in terms of intelligence and appropriateness, 3D robot with higher embodiment level was more positively evaluated than 2D robot with lower embodiment level. Also, the robot with faster response rate was evaluated more favorably in overall service evaluation, intelligence, appropriateness, trustworthy, and sociability than the robot with slower response rate. In addition, in service evaluation, trustworthy, and sociability, there were interaction effects according to the robot's embodiment level and the response speed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp., known as the Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms (PAOs). It was cultivated in the batch system with five heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, added in single and binary mixtures, respectively.METHODS AND RESULTS: IC₅₀ (half of inhibition concentration of bacterial growth) and EC₅₀ (half of effective concentration of phosphorus removal Efficiencies) were used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus removal Efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. In addition, Additive Index Value (A.I.V.) method was used to evaluate the interactive effects between Alcaligenes sp. and heavy metals. As a result, as the five heavy metals were singly added to Alcaligenes sp., the greatest inhibitory effects on the growth and P removal efficiencies of each bacteria was observed in the cadmium (Cd). In the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals, the treatments of lowest IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ were the Cd + Cu treatment. Based on the IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ of the binary mixtures of heavy metals treatments, most interactive effects between the heavy metals were found to be antagonistic.CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective treatments of single and binary mixtures of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiencies of Alcaligenes sp. through further study about the characterization of functional proteins involved in toxic effects of heavy metals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 1985

The objective of this study was to compare year variations of heritability, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations as well as pathway coefficients for main characters of tea tree to provide useful selection information for improving tea tree. The data collected from the performance yield trials from 1979 to 1981 were used in this study. 1. The genetic variance of height of stem and length of first branch was not only greatly varied with year. but also the largest among all characteristics studied. Other characteristics showed higher genetic variance than environmental variances, and year variances were very small. 2. Both year and variety x year interaction were highly significant sources of variation for height of stem, length of first branch and number of fruits in main stem pooled from three year data. 3. All characteristics showed high broad sense heritabilities, and the broad sense heritability was not varied with year. 4. The genetic correlation coefficients between Gigolpi and height of stem, length of first branch and number of fruits in main stem were positive, and the year variation was not large. 5. The pathway coefficients of the character was not only greatly varied with year and the height of stem, length of first branch and weight of dryed root affected directly on the Giglopi.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.787-796
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• 2009

A random coefficient model is applied when times of the repeated measurements are not fixed in experiments with respect to the subjects. The procedures of the inference of a random coefficient model are same as those of a mixed model. Diet experimental data was used for applying the random coefficient model. Various random coefficient models are investigated for the experimental data, and are compared each other. Finally, optimal random coefficient model would be selected. It resulted from the analysis that for the fixed effect factor, the baseline, treatment, height, and time effect were very significant. The treatment effect of the diet foods and exercises were more effective in losing weight than the effect of the diet foods only. The fixed cubic time effect was very significant. The variance components corresponding to the subject effect, linear time effect, quadratic time effect, and cubic time effect of the random coefficients are all positive. When quartic time effect was added as random coefficients the model did not converge. Thus random coefficients up to the cubic terms was considered as the optimal model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.287-296
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• 2011

Thirty six female students participated in the experiment of the fat mass weight loss. they kept diary for foods they ate every day, took a picture of the foods, transmitted the picture to the experimenter by the camera phone, and consulted him about fat mass loss once a week for 8 weeks period. Fat mass weight and its related factors of the students had been measured repeatedly every week during 8 weeks, The repeated measurement data were used for applying various random coefficient models. And hence optimal random coefficient model was selected. From the optimal model, the baseline, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and time of the fixed factors were very significant. The fixed quadratic time effect existed. The variance components corresponding to the subject effect, linear time effect of the random coefficients were all positive. Thus random coefficients up to the linear terms were considered as the optimal model. The treatment effect reduced the weight loss to an average of 2.1kg at the end of the period.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.436-443
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to establish a predictive model by analyzing the influence and correlation of factors affecting the fuel consumption of unmanned helicopters in Captive Flight Test. In this study, a four-factor two-level full factorial experiment was designed and tested using the design of experiments, results were analyzed to derive the main effects and interactions of the factors, and the predictive model was established through regression analysis. It is expected that the results from this study contribute to carrying out Captive Flight Test efficiently and the improvement of the test capability of Electronic Testing Range.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.377-385
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• 2009

Twenty five female students in Seoul participated and were divided into two group in the experiment of weight loss effect of two treatments. Fourteen students(Treatment A group), randomly chosen from the students, had fed on diet foods and exercised over 8 weeks, and the remaining students(Treatment B group) had fed on diet foods only for the same periods. Weights of 25 students had been measured repeatedly four times at an interval of two weeks during 8 weeks, It resulted from mixed model analysis of repeated measurements data that separate Toeplitz pattern for each treatment group was selected as the optimal covariance pattern. Based upon the optimal covariance pattern model, the baseline effect and time effect were found to be highly significant, but the treatment-time interaction effect was found to be insignificant. Finally, the students with diet foods and exercises were more effective in losing weight than the students with only diet foods were.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.307-318
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• 2016

This research examines the impacts of urban population growth on per capita $CO_2$ emissions with particular focus on the interaction effect between urbanization and income levels. Employing the Panel Fixed Effects model together with the Pooled LS and Panel GLS models, the research reported here analyzes the relevant data on 84 countries. The statistical results show a nonlinear(an inverted-U) relationship between urbanization and per capita $CO_2$ emissions; that is, while the urban agglomeration leads to increases in per capita $CO_2$ emissions for low income countries, this adverse impact does not hold true for high income countries. The research findings can contribute to addressing broad issues of urban compactness and patterns of energy consumption that should be considered by those concerned about the sustainable urban development.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2013

The roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronics system is one of the most promising technologies for the printed electronics industry because of several advantages in terms of productivity and cost. In the R2R printed electronics system, the characteristics of the printed patterns are an important issue that determines the functional quality of the printed matter. This study analyzed how several main factors may affect the characteristics of printed patterns, especially the thickness and surface roughness. The statistical model for estimation of the printed pattern was developed as a function of the main factors using the design of experiment (DOE) methodology. Based on the statistical analysis results, the R2R printed electronics system can be designed to control the characteristics of printed patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.765-773
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Healing Beat on autonomic balance, heart rate, and anxiety in healthy adults exposed to stressors. Data were collected from 64 healthy volunteers who volunteered after responded to a recruitment announcement at D City University and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the X2-test, the t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. Results showed that both experimental and control general characteristics and variables were homogeneous. Significant intergroup differences were obtained for autonomic balance (F = 6.151, p <.001), heart rate (F = 5.455, p <.001), and anxiety (t = -7.633, p <.001). These results indicate Healing Beat is effective at relieving anxiety in stressful situations, and that Healing Beat can be used to relieve stress in many clinical situations or daily life when individuals are exposed to various stressors.