• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2000

최근에 각종 SOC사업이 본격화되면서 고속도로망 및 도시교통망 확충이 가속화되어 장대 터널이 급증하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 차량의 급속한 증가로 차량배기가스에 의한 터널내부 환경의 악화가 문제시되고 있다. 특히 도로터널은 반밀폐 공간으로 터널내에서의 사고는 인명피해와 막대한 재산 피해로 이어질 수 있으므로 안전운전을 위한 제반설비 및 대책이 필요하며 안전운행을 위한 가시거리 확보 및 쾌적한 환경에 대한 요구가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 터널에서 이와 같은 요구를 만족하기 위해서 기계환기설비가 투입되고 있으며 이에 대한 최적화 설계에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.221-222
• /
• 2002

현대사회의 도시화 및 산업화에 따라, 많은 현대인들은 대중 교통수단을 이용하여 출퇴근하고, 사무실 또는 생산현장에서 근무하며, 밀폐된 아파트에 거주하고 있다. 현대인들은 하루의 절반이상을 실내에서 생활하고 있고, 최근 과학자들의 보고에 의하면, 실내공기가 산업화된 대도시의 대기보다 훨씬 더 심각하게 오염될 수 있음을 지적하고 있다(오명도, 1990). 실내공기의 질을 개선시키는 방법으로는 오염원의 제거, 환기 그리고 공기 정화기의 사용으로 나눌 수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.619-625
• /
• 2019

It is difficult to design because of the plug-holing phenomenon in which the amount of smoke discharged from the vertical vent is smaller than the designed amount of smoke. In this study, the effect of cross-sectional area ratio of tunnel and natural ventilation and heat release rate of fire source on plug-holing phenomenon occurring in natural ventilation system was experimentally analyzed. In the experiment model reduced to 1/20 size, the aspect ratio of the tunnel and the vertical vent was fixed, and the influence on the plug-holing phenomenon was confirmed by varying the sectional area ratio of the tunnel and the vertical vent. Experimental results show that the plug-holing phenomenon is caused by the comparison of the smoke boundary layer temperature with the temperature in the vertical vents, and the flow and temperature distribution characteristics under the vertical vents are changed as the cross-sectional area ratio of the tunnel and vertical vents increases. The plug-holing phenomenon is affected by the cross-sectional area ratio between the tunnel and the vertical ventilation. The greater the cross-sectional area ratio, the greater the probability of plug-holing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2004

우리나라 지형의 특성은 약 70%가 산으로 이루어져 있다. 이러한 지형적 여건은 교통과 관련된 사회간접 자본의 증가로 이어지며, 최근에는 산업의 발전에 힘입어 교통량의 증가와 물류비용의 절감을 목적으로 철도 및 도로의 건설시 터널의 계획 및 시공이 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 따라 터널의 환경개선과 화재시 제연을 목적으로 설치되는 제트팬(Jet Fan)의 용량이 차지하는 전기적 비중이 높아지고, 전압강하에 대한 손실율이 증가되고 있다. 따라서 제트팬의 설치시 배치방법과 터널의 길이에 따른 전기실 배치를 Case 별로 분류하여 전압강하를 계산하고 분석하여 가장 효율적이며 경제적인 방안을 연구하고 정리하여 향후 설계시 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2011

The west underground express way is a recent initiated BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) project for releasing heavy traffic of the existing west express way which is notorious on-ground road for extremely traffic stuck area in the west of Seoul, South Korea. The new express way for light vehicles is the first double-deck tunnel ever designed in South Korea and 10.91 km long including both open cut structures and concrete lining with middle-deck in bored tunnel. Because the new express way is going through underground of heavily populated area, mechanical & electrical design for the safety of drivers in tunnel is one of the most important parts among many design issues. This paper discusses M & E design focuses including ventilation-evacuation plan and various safety facilities.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.951_952
• /
• 2009

기존의 소듐이나 메탈할라이드 램프는 수명이 짧아 잦은 유지보수가 필요하다. 8~12m정도의 도로조명은 유지보수 중에 사고가 발생할거나 교통의 흐름에 불편을 가져와 이에 대한 대책이 필요하다. LED조명장치는 반도체 특유의 장수명으로 유지보수의 문제에 솔루션을 가지고 있다. 또한 기존의 조명시스템은 단색으로 색온도의 제어가 어려워 기능성조명장치의 구현이 거의 이루어지고 있지 않지만 반도체조명 장치인 LED조명은 다양한 LED칩을 적절히 배치하고 활용함으로서 색온도를 가변시켜 우천시나 안개시에 운전자의 주의를 환기시킬 수 있어 도로안전을 확보할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 백색LED와 오렌지LED를 혼색하여 우천시나 안개시, 즉, 습도의 변동상황에서 색온도를 가변시켜 운전자나 보행자의 시인성을 확보하고 통행의 주의를 환기시켜 기능성조명으로서의 역할을 부여하는 LED가로등조명장치를 구현하여 이에 대한 성능을 실험하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 1995

This study is to estimate the ventilation volume by the traffic that originated from driving automobiles for two tunnels (Kugi tunnel and Kumhwa tunnel) that adopted natural ventilation system among tunnels of Seoul, and on the basis of which, we estimated the ventilation velume at various conditions. With the result of the estimation, we will present the basic method that can be operated with the optimum condition for the ventilation system. Estimating the predicted ventilation volume in the tennel by the pollutant concentration, we used traffic volume and CO emission data by the automobile speed and CO concentration in the tunnel. And, when we estimated the traffic ventilation volume by natural and traffic ventilation force, we used traffic volume, automobile speed, tunnel area, automobile area data and so on. As the result of simple regression between predicted ventilation volume and traffic ventilation volume, we attained the regression coefficient 0.88, and achieved the relation form that predicted ventilation volume equal 0.12x traffic ventilation volume-92, 000. Using this equation, we estimated the ventilation volume to satisfy the enviromnental standards of several space, and calculated the required volume for mechanical ventilation. Incase of Kumhwa Tunnel, there is a need of mechanical ventilation all day long to satisfy air quality standard 9 ppm for 8 hours average and 10 ppm for the indoor air quality standard of public facilities.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1035-1043
• /
• 2004

For a long road tunnel, a tunnel ventilation system may be used in order to reduce the pollution level below the required level. To control the tunnel pollution level, a closed loop control algorithm may be used. The feedforward prediction algorithm and the cascade control algorithm were developed to regulate the CO level in a tunnel. The feedforward prediction algorithm composed of the traffic estimation algorithm and the CO density prediction algorithm, and the cascade control algorithm composed of the jet fan control algorithm and the air velocity setpoint algorithm. The verification of control algorithms was carried out by dynamic models developed from the actual tunnel data. The simulation results showed that control algorithms developed for this study were effective for the control of the tunnel ventilation system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.922-929
• /
• 2005

This paper compared ventilation performance between the sound roof tunnel with flat roof and the sound roof tunnel with gable roof. The ventilation rate of the sound roof tunnel is calculated by natural ventilation rate plus ventilation by vehicle. The roof type is divided by the shape of the roof and the ventilator location on the roof. The results between calculation and CFD on the ventilation rate are almost alike. The ventilation rate on the flat roof is $558.4\;m^3/s$ with mid-ventilator and $496.8\;m^3/s$ with left-right ventilator. The ventilation rate on the gable roof is $653.2\;m^3/s$ with mid-ventilator and $611.6\;m^3/s$ with left-right ventilator. The ventilation rate of soundproof with gable roof is higher than that with flat roof. The ventilation rate and with mid-ventilator is higher than that with left-right ventilator the soundproof roof. Therefore, the ventilation performance of soundproof roof depends on the roof shape and ventilator location on the roof.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2022

The number of public transportation users has dropped drastically due to COVID-19. In this work, my survey was conducted to uncover the factors that influence citizens' travel patterns. Data were collected and logistic regression analysis on the shifts in transportation was undertaken. Additionally, an importance-performance analysis was carried out to investigate how to effectively operate public transportation systems and improve facilities. The main research findings were as follows: First, the more individuals were concerned about COVID-19 (+) and being infected when using public transportation (+), the greater the tendency to switch to private transportation modes. Secondly, when it came to personal traits, respondents who could drive a car (+) or owned a car (+)or did more online shopping (+) or used public transportation for trips (+) tended to switch over, compared with respondents who could not drive or did not own a caror used public transportation to commute. In addition, respondents who were vaccinated (-) or had more household members tended not to switch transportation modes, compared with those who were not vaccinated or had fewer household members. Third, it is important to continue the following efforts to safeguardhygiene linked to public transportation: wearing masks, disinfecting hands, controlling diseases, and general cleaning. The conclusion was that it is important to put traffic congestion and ventilation issues first, especially in regards public transportation, which was not rated as satisfactory enough compared to its importance. The research findings can provide useful basic data when establishing countermeasures to the current COVID-19 circumstances in the areas of public transportation operation and management and in the event of an infectious disease outbreak in the future.