• Title/Summary/Keyword: 교통영향평가

Search Result 706, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

The Therapeutic Effect of Postganglionic Nerve Block for Symptomatic Schmorl Nodule: A Retrospective Case Series (증후성 쉬모를 결절에 대한 신경절 이후 신경차단술의 치료 효과: 후향적 증례 분석)

  • Son, In Seok;Hwang, Suk Hyun;Lee, Suk Ha;Kang, Min Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery
    • /
    • v.25 no.4
    • /
    • pp.147-153
    • /
    • 2018
  • Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of postganglionic nerve block in symptomatic Schmorl nodules (SNs). Summary of Literature Review: SNs are common lesions that are often asymptomatic. In certain cases, SNs have been reported to cause severe axial back pain, thereby considerably impacting patients' quality of life. No consensus currently exists on the treatment of symptomatic SNs. Materials and Methods: From October 2015 to October 2017, a total of 21 patients with symptomatic SNs diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not respond to conservative treatment after 4 weeks were included in the study. All patients received postganglionic nerve block. We evaluated effective pain relief (improvement of back pain of more than 50% compared with before the intervention) and functional improvements, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index scores obtained at 4 hours, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the procedure. Results: Symptomatic SNs were more common at the L2-3 level, and the lower end plate was more commonly involved than the upper end plate. Eighteen of the 21 patients (85.7%) showed effective pain relief, and no deterioration was observed within the followup period. Throughout the follow-up period, the VAS remained significantly improved compared to before the procedure (p<0.05). Complications were not reported in any cases. Conclusions: Postganglionic nerve block for symptomatic SNs that do not respond to conservative treatment is a non-invasive modality for pain relief.

A study on the effect of air velocity through a damper on smoke extraction performance in case of fire in road tunnels (도로터널 화재 시 집중배기방식의 배기포트 통과풍속이 배연성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Ryu, Ji-Oh;Na, Kwang-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.347-365
    • /
    • 2020
  • In order to resolve traffic problems in urban areas and to increase the area of green spaces, tunnels in downtown areas are being increased. Additionally, the application of large port smoke extraction ventilation systems is increasing as a countermeasure to smoke extraction ventilation for tunnels with high potential for traffic congestion. It is known that the smoke extraction performance of the large port smoke extraction system is influenced not only by the amount of the extraction flow rate, but also by various factors such as the shape of the extraction port (damper) and the extraction air velocity through a damper. Therefore, in this study, the design standards and installation status of each country were investigated. When the extraction air flow rate was the same, the smoke extraction performance according to the size of the damper was numerically simulated in terms of smoke propagation distance, compared and evaluated, and the following results were obtained. As the cross-sectional area of the smoke damper increases, the extraction flow rate is concentrated in the damper close to the extraction fan, and the smoke extraction rate of the damper in downstream decreases, thereby increasing the smoke propagation distance on the downstream side. In order to prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to reduce the cross-sectional area of the smoke damper and increase the velocity of passing air through the damper so that the pressure loss passing through the damper increases, thereby reducing the non-uniformity of smoke extraction flow rate in the extraction section. In this analysis, it was found that when the interval distance of the extraction damper was 50 m, the air velocity passing through damper was 4.4 m/s or more, and when the interval distance of the extraction dampers was 100 m, the air velocity passing through damper was greater than 4.84 m/s, it was found to be advantageous to ensure smoke extraction performance.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in ACL Reconstruction using auto-Hamstring Tendon and allo-Tibialis Anterior Tendon (자가슬괵건 및 동종전경골건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술 후 임상적 결과의 비교)

  • Kim, Jae-Hwa;Lee, Yoon-Seok;Rhee, Seung-Yong;Chung, Ju-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.104-110
    • /
    • 2007
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is comparison of clinical outcomes in ACL reconstruction between auto-hamstring tendon and allo-tibialis anterior tendon. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we included 60 subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction using 30 hamstring autograft(mainly, national health insurance) and 30 tibialis anterior allograft(including MVA and industrial injuries) between May 2003 and June 2005 by a single surgeon, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Outcome measurements were the range of motion, the Lachman test, the IKDC score, the Lysholm score, KT-1000 arthrometer and one-leg hop test. Results: For all the cases, the range of motion was above 135 degrees. The Lachman test, KT-1000 arthrometer and one-leg hop test showed no significant difference between two groups. The IKDC score of auto-hamstring group($87.840{\pm}2.106$) was significantly higher than that of allo-tibialis anterior group($85.273{\pm}2.782$). The Lysholm score of auto-hamstring group($88.067{\pm}2.586$) was also significantly higher than that of allo-tibialis anterior group($85.300{\pm}3.030$). Conclusion: The results of ACL reconstruction using the auto-hamstring tendon and allo-tibialis anterior tendon showed no significant difference in objective items but auto-hamstring group showed better results in subjective scoring. This difference may result from individual factors such as economic problem, secondary gain.

  • PDF

Effects of Mowing (Beolcho) Timing and Height on Growth Characteristics of Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella before Chuseok (추석 전 잔디 깍기(벌초) 시기 및 높이에 따른 들잔디와 금잔디의 생육)

  • Chang, Seog-Won;Koo, Jun-Hak;Sung, Chang-Hyun;Lee, Jeong-Ho;Park, Sho-Jun;Jee, Jae-Uk;Youn, Jeong-Ho
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.140-147
    • /
    • 2018
  • In Korea, mowing the grass of a grave (Beolcho) is a very important event preceded by Chuseok (Korean thanks giving day) and Si-Hyang (annual ancestral feast). Because Beolcho usually takes place one or two weeks before Chuseok, the traffic accidents on roads are getting worse and safety accidents are getting more and more. Erroneous Beolcho methods can cause the soil to be exposed and cause the loss of soil or the low shoot density of graveyard grass or weed occurrence. Therefore, the dispersion of the Beolcho timing and the approprite method can be import issues. The present study assessed the effects of grass mowing timing and height before Chuseok on the growth of Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella. The mowing timing was evaluated at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks before Chuseok, and the mowing height differently according to the two type of grass. In Z. japonica, the faster mowing before Chuseok, the longer the plant height, and the coverage rate and shoot density were higher. In Z. matrella, the faster mowing, the longer the shoot length, but the coverage rate and shoot density did not show any difference or tendency. As compared to Z. japonica, the plant height of Z. matrella was kept short regardless of the time of mowing. In both grasses, the plant height was shortened when mowing was done at low cutting height, but the coverage rate and shoot density were decreased. In addition, it was shown that it is advantageous to maintain the shoot density of graveyard lawn by 40-50 mm or 30-40 mm cutting above the ground for Z. japonica or Z. matrella, respectively.

Monitoring Ground-level SO2 Concentrations Based on a Stacking Ensemble Approach Using Satellite Data and Numerical Models (위성 자료와 수치모델 자료를 활용한 스태킹 앙상블 기반 SO2 지상농도 추정)

  • Choi, Hyunyoung;Kang, Yoojin;Im, Jungho;Shin, Minso;Park, Seohui;Kim, Sang-Min
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.36 no.5_3
    • /
    • pp.1053-1066
    • /
    • 2020
  • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is primarily released through industrial, residential, and transportation activities, and creates secondary air pollutants through chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Long-term exposure to SO2 can result in a negative effect on the human body causing respiratory or cardiovascular disease, which makes the effective and continuous monitoring of SO2 crucial. In South Korea, SO2 monitoring at ground stations has been performed, but this does not provide spatially continuous information of SO2 concentrations. Thus, this research estimated spatially continuous ground-level SO2 concentrations at 1 km resolution over South Korea through the synergistic use of satellite data and numerical models. A stacking ensemble approach, fusing multiple machine learning algorithms at two levels (i.e., base and meta), was adopted for ground-level SO2 estimation using data from January 2015 to April 2019. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting were used as based models and multiple linear regression was adopted for the meta-model. The cross-validation results showed that the meta-model produced the improved performance by 25% compared to the base models, resulting in the correlation coefficient of 0.48 and root-mean-square-error of 0.0032 ppm. In addition, the temporal transferability of the approach was evaluated for one-year data which were not used in the model development. The spatial distribution of ground-level SO2 concentrations based on the proposed model agreed with the general seasonality of SO2 and the temporal patterns of emission sources.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.191-207
    • /
    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.