• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1987

The development of antibody titers and crossreaction between Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma were investigated by means of IF A test and ELISA in pigs experimentally infected with $1.5{\times}10^6$ S. suicanis sporocysts and 10,000 T. gondii oocysts, respectively. The intact and soluble Sarcocystis antigens were prepared from the bradyzoites harvested by peptic digestion of infected pork. The intact and soluble Toxoplasma antigens were prepared from the tachyzoites in mouse peritoneal cavity. IgG antibodies in pigs infected with Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma, respectively were detected first at 2 weeks post infection on both IF A test and ELISA. The antibody titer to Toxoplasma reached its maximum at 6 weeks post infection and decreased thereafter. The antibody titer to Sarcocystis reached its maximum terminally. The cross-reaction titer in pigs infected with Toxoplasma against Sarcocystis antigen was up to 1 : 16 in IFA test and up to 1 : 32 in ELISA. The titer in control group was below 1 : 4 in both reactions.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1991

Pathogenicity of Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeMNPV) against the host insect and 8 species of lepidopterous insects and cross infection of baculoviruses to third instar of S. exigua larvae were studied to determine as a biocontrol agent for S. exigua. The median lethal concentrations($LC_{50}$)of the SeMNPV to egg mass was $2.855\times10^5$ PIBs/ml and higher than that to the larvae of S. exigua. Mortality of the SeMNPV in third ins tar larvae was more increased than that in first and fifth instar of S. exigua larvae by 1.16 and 4.11 times, respectively. The median lethal times($LT_{50}$) to $1.56\times10^6$ PIBs/ml was in the range of 4.25 to 5.04 days. Infectivity of the SeMNPV against eight species of lepidopterous insects was showed only in the host insect, S. exigua. Autographa cali/ornica MNPV, Mamestra barassicae MNPV, and Trichoplusia ni MNPV were cross-infected to third instar of S. exigua larvae among ten of baculoviruses tested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

A dental treatment room is always exposed to diverse kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and may be a mediating place of cross-infection given being contaminated the interior of a room through several routes in the form of patient's secretion and aerosol. The main agent of preventing cross-infection is a dental hygienist in the dental treatment and the dental treatment room where are scattered about a risk of cross-infection. A dental hygienist needs to have right recognition on infection control before being active as a clinical expert. This infection-control recognition level is influenced from the clinical practice. Accordingly, to survey recognition of infection control, a self-administered questionnaire research was conducted targeting 314 students who are fixed the clinical practice as regular subject in the junior course out of curriculum for the Department of Dental Hygiene at some of 4-year universities. Data collection was performed from December 9, 2011 to February 22, 2012. Except 11 copies of questionnaire with insincere response among the collected materials, 303 copies were finally analyzed by using SPSS WIN 20.0. The following conclusions were obtained. In the infection disease section, both on and off campus showed 4.89 points from 'the importance of recognizing the infections prevention', 4.65 points from 'recognizing the compulsory preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.77 points from 'recognizing the necessity of the preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.71 points from 'whether practice the prevention in reality or not', and 4.76 points from 'the educational helps to the prevention'. In other words, the section recorded the highest and meaningful points. It is considered to be needed the development in systematic and diverse infection-control educational programs and the differentiated education depending on school year for dental hygiene students.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1984

Seven cases of surgically proven sparganosis were serologically tested by means of microELISA for their specific IgG antibody levels. For that purpose, crude saline extract of spargana from snake, Natrix tigrina lateralis was prepared and used as antigen. The sparganosis sera were also tested with Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens to observe the cross reactivity. A total of 71 sera from normal control, ectopic and pulmonary paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, cysticerCOSIS and Taenia saginata cases were also included. Except for one case of old calcified infection, all of 6 human sparganosis showed higher serum levels of specific IgG antibody when the differential point of positive reaction was set at the absorbance value of 0.25 (the sensitivity being 85.7%). In control and other helminthic infections, all except 3 cases of T. saginata infection showed negative reaction to sparganum antigen (the specificity being 90.7%). None of sparganosis cases showed cress reactivity to Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens. Undiluted cerebrospinal l1uid also showed high levels of antibody when central nervous system was invaded. The serologic diagnosis by means of micro ELISA could be a useful tool in epidemiological study of human sparganosis in susceptible population, as well as in individual diagnosis.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.31 no.12 s.295
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• pp.897-904
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• 1993

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2013

The characteristics of dental treatment makes the dental staff frequently contact with patient directly. Also the daily use of high-handpieces, sharp instruments, and needles often causes bleeding on oral cavity. Therefore, the risk of cross transmission grows up. The pathogen from dental practice could spread on not only the practice itself but also the dental laboratory with contaminated impressions and prosthesis. Dental clinic staffs (dentists, dental hygienists and dental technicians) should recognize all the patients have a possibility of cross contamination, and try to prevent the transmission of infection by proper infection control. In this study, we review the articles about disinfection methods and chemical infection agents used for dental impressions, and try to figure out the suitable and effective infection control system of dental impressions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1994

A seroepidemiologic observation of anti-Spirometrc erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) antibody (IgG) in serum was made in normal adult and epileptic patients in Korea from february, 1987 to September, 1990. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-sparganum antibody together with anti-Taenic soEiun metacestode, and anti-Parusonimus westermcni antibodies. Sera reacted positively to sparganum antigen only were considered. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 850 normal adults was 1.9% (standardized rate by provincial population was 1.7%). In 2,667 randomly selected patients of epilepsy at 28 local centers of the Changmi Club, positive rate was 2.5% (standardized rate: 2.3%). In both normal adult and patient groups, the higher antibody rates were observed in Kangwon and Chonnam Provinces. Positive rates were 10 times higher in male than in female in normal adults and 4.5 times in male epileptic patients. The rates were elevated especially with age over 30-year. odd ratio of the antibody was 1.32 which indicated an ambiguous etiologic factor for epilepsy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1990

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) of paragonimiasis iloktsuenensis rat sera was performed using crude antigens of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis(PIA), P. westermani (PWA) and Clonorchis sinensis(CSA). Three crude antigens(PIA, PWA, CSA) were prepared to saline homogenated supernatants of whole adult worms. Infected rat sera were obtained biweekly from the albino rats fed 50∼.80 metacercariae of P. iloktsuenensis through gastric catheter. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups: GI(controls), GII, GIII and GIV according to 1∼7 worms as GII, 10∼19 worms as GIII and 22∼40 worms as GIV, respectively, In ELISA, the mean OD values of each group for the homologous antigen(PIA) were increased significantly compared to the control sera at the 4th week of infection. With the progress of duration of infection, the mean OD values of infected sera of GII & GIV continuously increased up to the 12th week(last week), but in GIII the mean OD value increased until the loth week. No significance was noted among the infection dose groups (GII, GIII and GIV), after the 6th week of infection. Also, the OD values of all infected rats did not show any Proportional relytionships to the number of worms recovered. In brief, the antibody productivity of individual rats were strongly different. The rat sera infected with p. iloktsuenensis cross-reacted with those infected with P. westermani or C. sinensis, as identified by OD values.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.665-672
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• 2013

In radiology department, where patients with a variety of diseases receive their tests, there is a large possibility of cross contamination of nosocomial infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests take particularly more time than other tests do, which increases the possibility of being exposed to cross contamination. Therefore, this research examines the status of MRI equipment sterilization and investigates the bacterial distribution on head coils, which have the most frequent contact with patients, patient fixation blocks, and bores, which are confined spaces. The status of MRI equipment disinfection was examined by a survey targeting 150 employees, and the distribution of bacteria was measured in ten medical facilities. The result of bacterial distribution tests on MRI equipment showed various bacteria, including Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Sphingomona, Pantoea agglomeranss, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Saprophyticus, Brevundimona, and Myroidesspecies. The result of examining the stat us of MRI room disinfection showed that the disinfections of the head coil, block, and bore were implemented well, and the largest proportion was carried out once a day in the morning. The time and implementation of disinfection by the disinfection manager showed that they were implemented well when the manager was the MRI room examiner. The disinfection after examining a patient using an appropriate disinfectant is mandatory to prevent cross contamination.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.506-511
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• 2005

Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B and 6A are important pathogens in pneumococcal infections. It is commonly assumed that the 6B vaccines elicit antibodies cross-reacting with the 6A serotype and the cross-reactive antibodies protect against infections of 6A. To examine this assumption, we measured the opsonophagocytic capacity to serotype 6A and 6B in adults. Methods : Twenty-four adults were immunized with pneumococcal PS vaccine that contains 6B PS. Their preimmune and postimmune sera were studied for the capacity to opsonize 6B and 6A serotypes with opsonophagocytic killing assay. Results : Opsonization titers to 6B were significantly higher than those to 6A in preimmune and postimmune sera. Because significant increasesof opsonization titers were observed in adults with polysaccharide vaccines for 6A(cross-reactive) serotype as well as for 6B(vaccine) serotype, 6B PS in vaccine elicited cross-protective antibodies to 6A, but not in all cases. One adult did not have detectable levels of opsonization titers to 6A after immunization. Conclusion : Although 6B PS in pneumococcal PS vaccine elicits antibodies cross-reacting with 6A serotype in some adults, it may not occur always. This study should be extended to other age groups such as children and elderly people. The presence of the cross-protection should be directly determined in clinical trials of the pneumococcal vaccines as well as during the postlicensure monitoring surveys by serotyping the clinical isolates of pneumococci.