• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.383-396
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the injury mechanism, site, type, initial management approach of orthopedic injury, and outcomes according to the injury severity in moderate-to-severe injured patients. Materials and Methods: During 57-month, excluding the period when the authors' emergency/trauma center was not operating, from 2014 to 2019, a retrospective study was conducted on 778 patients with orthopedic injuries among patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)>9 scored. The patients were classified into moderate-injured group (group-1, 679) and severe-injured group (group-2, 99) according to the injury severity based on the ISS and physiologic parameters. The injury mechanism and non-orthopedic injury were evaluated. Orthopedic injuries were assessed according to the injury pattern and the number of anatomical regions and bone sites involved. The management approach for the orthopedic injuries in two groups was compared. Outcomes (hospital stay, systemic complications, and in-hospital mortality) were evaluated, and the risk factors for mortality were analyzed. Results: In group-2, the incidence of younger males, high-energy mechanisms, and accompanying injuries was significantly higher than in group-1. The number of anatomical regions and bone sites involved increased in group-2. The involvement of the pelvis, spine, and upper extremity was significantly higher in group-2, whereas group-1 was involved mainly by the lower extremities. Depending on the patient's condition, definitive or staged management for orthopedic injuries may be used. Group-1 was treated mainly with definite fixation after the physiological stabilization process, and group-2 was treated with staged management using temporary external fixation. The hospital stay was significantly longer in group-2. The overall systematic complications and in-hospital mortality was approximately 4.9% and 4.5%. A higher injury severity was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (2.9%, 15.2%; p<0.0001). Increasing age and high ISS are independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: A higher severity of injury was associated with a higher incidence of high-energy mechanism, younger, male, accompanying injuries, and the frequency and severity of orthopedic injuries. Severe polytrauma patients were treated mainly with a staged approach, such as external fixation. The hospital stay, systematic complications, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in severe-injured patients. Age and ISS are strong predictors of in-hospital mortality in polytrauma.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2023

Dengue virus transmission is a viral infection disease between humans and Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue is ubiquitous throughout the tropics and subtropical zones, where 1/3 of the global population live. The weather in Korea is also changing to subtropical weather, resulting in increased vulnerable Korean population to dengue virus transmission. It is important to control and prevent the dengue risk with track-recording & monitoring system. It is also required to have the control system to treat and monitor dengue patients with various cases such as regions, ages, genders according to the track-record of the disease. In this paper, we developed a Dengue Control & Prevention System, which can monitor and control dengue outbreaks in real-time with in-vitro diagnostic devices. Dengue Control & Prevention System is composed of in-vitro diagnostic device, which is a fluorescent immunoassay, and real-time monitoring system. In the future, we expect that our Dengue Control & Prevention System can be upgraded to have various disease information from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency for government policies and diseases control in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.588-595
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• 2010

Background: Base on types of tumor, the types of expressed tumor is diverse and the difference in its expression rate is even more various. Due to such reasons an animal model is absolutely needed for a clinical research of lung cancer. The author attempted oncogenesis by cultivating a cell line of non-small cell carcinoma and then injecting it inside thoracic cavities of nude mice. The author conducted quantitative analyses of HER2/neu tumor gene - an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related to lung cancer, and TGF-${\beta}_1$, which acts as a resistance to cell growth inhibition and malignant degeneration. In order to investigate achievability of the oncogenesis, histological changes and the expression of cancer gene in case of orthotopic lung cancer is necessary. Material and Method: Among 20 immunity-free male BALB/c, five nude mice were selected as the control group and rest as the experimental group. Their weights ranged from 20 to 25 gm (Orient, Japan). After injection of lung cancer line (SW900 G IV) into the pleural cavity of nude mice, They were raised at aseptic room for 8 weeks. HER2/neu was quantitatively analyzed by separating serum from gathered blood via chemiluminiscent immunoassay (CLIA), and immunosandwitch method was applied to quantitatively analyze TGF-${\beta}_1$. SPSS statistical program (SPSS Version 10.0, USA) was implemented for statistical analysis. Student T test was done, and cases in which p-value is less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: Even after lung cancer was formed in the normal control group or after intentionally injected lung cancer cell line, no amplification of HER2/neu gene showed reaction. However, the exact quantity of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was $28,490{\pm}8,549pg/mL$, and the quantity in the group injected with lung cancer cell was $42,362{\pm}14,449pg/mL$, meaning 1.48 times highly Significant (p<0.483). It proved that HER2/neu gene TGF-${\beta}_1$ had no meaningful interconnection. Conclusion: TGF-${\beta}_1$ gene expressed approximately 1.48 times amplification in comparison to the control group. The amplification of TGF-${\beta}_1$ meant somatic recuperation inhibition mechanism due to carcinogenesis in nude mice was definitely working. It may be implemented as a quantitative analysis that allows early detection of lung cancer in human body.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2016

Students can calculate the addition and subtraction problem using informal knowledge before receiving the formal instruction. Recently, the value that a computation lesson focus on the understanding and developing the various strategies is highlighted by curriculum developers as well as in reports. Ideally, a educational setting and classroom culture reflected students' learning and problem solving strategies. So, this paper analyzed the similarity and difference with respect to the numeric sentence and word problem in the addition and subtraction. The subjects for the study were 100 third-grade Korean students and 68 third-grade American students. Researcher developed the questionnaire in the addition and subtraction and used it for the survey. The following results have been drawn from this study. The computational ability of Korean students was higher than that of American students in both the numeric sentence and word problem. And it was revealed the differences of the strategies which were used problem solving process. Korean students tended to use algorithms and numbers' characters and relations, but American students tended to use the drawings and algorithms with drawings.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.414-419
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• 1996

To determine the efficacy of OK-432 as pleural sclerosant, we examined the outcomes in 81 patients (age : 27 to 82 years) with malignant pleural effusion and the outcomes in 64 patients ecieving OK-432 3-10KE(1 Klinische Einheit unit) through a chest tube for malignant pleural effusions. Of 81 patients with malignant pleural effusion, 40 patients had lung cancer. Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of malignant pleural effusion in men and women, in which 57 oyo of it was adenocarcinoma. Eighty seven percent of patient had respiratory symptom. Of the 64 patients with intracavitary injection of OK-432 for malignant pleural effusion, 59 patients had a complete short-term response (no fluid reaccumulation during 1 month after intracavitary injection of OK-432). Five patiens of the non-responders had partial control of effusion, with improvement in respiratory symptoms and these patients underwent thoracentesis. Of the 51 patients who survived longer than 1 month, 48 patients did not have re- accumulation of the fluid during follow up. Fever after intracavitary injection of OK-432 was a majors side effect although but that was easily controlled with non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug therapy, Thus the efficacy of intracavitary OK-4)2 injection for malignant pleural effusion was very helpful.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

At diagnosis, the majority of patients with gastric cancer are found to have local invasion or distant organ metastasis, even though the sole measure for a complete cure is a curative resection. A curative resection is hardly applicable for those with invasion and metastasis; thus, trials with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for downstaging the cancer should be considered. Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane that promotes tubulin polymerization and inhibits microtubule depolymerization. In recent studies, many metastatic gastric cancers were treated using neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, and the response rates were reported. We report here two cases of locally advanced, non-resectable gastric cancer that were candidates for a curative resection after induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.837-847
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hospital characteristics on employment rate, working period, and retirement of ward nurses in Korea through a retrospective cohort study based on HIRAS data. Methods: Data were obtained from a report on medical care institutions of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRAS). Data from 259,941 nurses who were working for a day or more from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 2,942 medical care institutions were analyzed. Life table method analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were conducted. Results: The employment rates of 5 yeas and 10 years for the total sample were 38% and 28%, respectively. The estimated mean value of the working period was 3,642.7 days (SE: 17.4 days). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that nurses who were working at the general hospital/hospital, clinic, and nursing hospital were more likely to leave the hospital compared to those who were working at the 3rd general hospital. Nurses who were working at the medical institutions which were located in cities and countries, established by the private foundation, rated lower levels of nursing, and owned an insufficient number of beds, nurses and doctors were more likely to leave their workplace compared to those of the counterparts. Conclusion: This study indicates that hospital characteristics may play a significant role in retirement and working period of ward nurses in Korea. The improvement of hospital conditions to reduce ward nurses' retirement are needed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.134-141
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a ToF-Stereo fusion sensor system for 3D space scanning that increases the recognition rate of 3D objects, guarantees object detection quality, and is robust to the environment. The ToF-Stereo sensor fusion system uses a method of fusing the sensing values of the ToF sensor and the Stereo RGB sensor, and even if one sensor does not operate, the other sensor can be used to continuously detect an object. Since the quality of the ToF sensor and the Stereo RGB sensor varies depending on the sensing distance, sensing resolution, light reflectivity, and illuminance, a module that can adjust the function of the sensor based on reliability estimation is placed. The ToF-Stereo sensor fusion system combines the sensing values of the ToF sensor and the Stereo RGB sensor, estimates the reliability, and adjusts the function of the sensor according to the reliability to fuse the two sensing values, thereby improving the quality of the 3D space scan.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in smoking status between two regions of Wonju-City and Chuncheon-City, Gangwon State, and to determine whether the experience of smoking cessation programs in the region affects quit attempts. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study in which adults aged 19 and older living in two cities were surveyed using a pre-developed mobile app to investigate social capital for smoking cessation, and a total of 600 citizens were participated, including 310 in Wonju-City and 290 in Chuncheon-City. The statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Wonju-City had a higher prevalence of current smoking than Chuncheon-City. Among smoking cessation programs operated by local public health centers, Wonju-City had a lower odds ratio for experience with smoking cessation education than Chuncheon-City (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.33 to 0.81). When examining the effect of smoking cessation program experience on quit attempts, in Wonju-City, citizens who had completed smoking cessation education and used a smoking cessation clinic were more likely to attempt to quit than those who had not (OR=2.31 and OR=2.29, respectively). In Chuncheon-City, citizens who were aware of smoking cessation support services were 2.26 times more likely to attempt to quit smoking than those who were not, but statistical significance was not reached due to the small sample size. Conclusion: Therefore, healthcare organizations in both regions should develop more practical intervention strategies to increase smokers' quit attempts, reduce smoking rates in the community, and address regional disparities.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 1999

Background: Surgical correction of the full spectrum of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula has improved over the years, but the mortality and morbidity assoiated with repair of these anomalies still remains high. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzes 27 surgically treated patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula at Dong-A University Hospital between January 1992 and March 1997. Result: There were 21 male and 6 female patients. Mean birth weight was 2.62$\pm$.385 kg(2.0~3.4 kg). Twenty- four(88.9%) had esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula, and 3(11.1%) had pure esophageal atresia. Four(14.8%) infants were allocated to Waterston risk group A, 18(66.7%) to group B, and 5(18.5%) to group C. In eighteen(66.7%) infants with associated anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies were the most common. Three had a gap length of 3.5 cm or greater(ultra-long gap) between esophageal segments, 7 had 2.0 to 3.5 cm(long gap), 8 had 1.0 to 2.0 cm(medium gap), and 9 had 1 cm or less(short gap) gap length. Among 27 neonates, 3 cases underwent staged operation, late colon interposition was done in 2, and all other 24 cases underwent primary esophageal anastomosis. Oerative mortality was 2/27(7.4%). Causes of death included acute renal failure(n=1), empyema from anastomotic leak(n=1), necrotizing enterocolitis(n=1), sepsis(n=1), insulin-dependent diabetus mellitus(n=1 . There were 4 anastomosis- related complications including stricture in 3, leakage in 1. Mortality was related to the gap length(p<.05). Conclusion: Although the complication rate associated with surgical repair of these anomalies is high, this does not always implicate the operative mortality. The overall survival can be improved by effective treatment for combined anomalies and intensive postoperatve care.