• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.381-400
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• 2023

As the era of solving various and complex problems in the real world using artificial intelligence and big data appears, problem-solving competencies that can solve realistic problems through a mathematical approach are required. In fact, the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum and the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum emphasize mathematical modeling as an activity and competency to solve real-world problems. However, the real-world problems presented in domestic and international textbooks have a high proportion of artificial problems that rarely occur in real-world. Accordingly, domestic and international countries are paying attention to the reality of mathematical modeling tasks and suggesting the need for authentic tasks that reflect students' daily lives. However, not only did previous studies focus on theoretical proposals for reality, but studies analyzing teachers' perceptions of reality and their competency to reflect reality in the task are insufficient. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze in-service mathematics teachers' perception of reality among the characteristics of tasks for mathematical modeling and the in-service mathematics teachers' competency for designing the mathematical modeling tasks. First of all, five criteria for satisfying the reality were established by analyzing literatures. Afterward, teacher training was conducted under the theme of mathematical modeling. Pre- and post-surveys for 41 in-service mathematics teachers who participated in the teacher training was conducted to confirm changes in perception of reality. The pre- and post- surveys provided a task that did not reflect reality, and in-service mathematics teachers determined whether the task given in surveys reflected reality and selected one reason for the judgment among five criteria for reality. Afterwards, frequency analysis was conducted by coding the results of the survey answered by in-service mathematics teachers in the pre- and post- survey, and frequencies were compared to confirm in-service mathematics teachers' perception changes on reality. In addition, the mathematical modeling tasks designed by in-service teachers were evaluated with the criteria for reality to confirm the teachers' competency for designing mathematical modeling tasks reflecting the reality. As a result, it was shown that in-service mathematics teachers changed from insufficient perception that only considers fragmentary criterion for reality to perceptions that consider all the five criteria of reality. In particular, as a result of analyzing the basis for judgment among in-service mathematics teachers whose judgment on reality was reversed in the pre- and post-survey, changes in the perception of in-service mathematics teachers was confirmed, who did not consider certain criteria as a criterion for reality in the pre-survey, but considered them as a criterion for reality in the post-survey. In addition, as a result of evaluating the tasks designed by in-service mathematics teachers for mathematical modeling, in-service mathematics teachers showed the competency to reflect reality in their tasks. However, among the five criteria for reality, the criterion for "situations that can occur in students' daily lives," "need to solve the task," and "require conclusions in a real-world situation" were relatively less reflected. In addition, it was found that the proportion of teachers with low task development competencies was higher in the teacher group who could not make the right judgment than in the teacher group who could make the right judgment on the reality of the task. Based on the results of these studies, this study provides implications for teacher education to enable mathematics teachers to apply mathematical modeling lesson in their classes.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare voice parameters in auditory conditions (normal/noise/music) between a teacher group and a control group. Results of statistical analysis showed that the teacher group had higher jitter (%) and shimmer (%) values than the control group. It indicated that the teacher group had larger variations in pitch and dynamic of their voice. In the teacher group, the voice under noisy condition showed a higher value of fundamental frequency than that under normal condition. though its fundamental frequency did not show any significant difference between the noisy condition and the musical condition. In the control group, however, although the voice under noisy condition also showed a higher value of fundamental frequency than that under normal condition, its fundamental frequency was significantly different between the noisy condition and the musical condition.

• 대학교육
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• s.128
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

학교교육이 본래의 목표, 즉 지.덕.체의 균형발달을 제대로 수행한다면 사교육 의존도는 낮아질 수 있다고 본다. 그러기 위해서는 교사의 재교육이 절대적으로 요구된다. 교사들의 근무조건을 대폭 개선하여 학습연구에 전념할 수 있도록 해야 하고, 더 나아가 대학원 교육지원과 지속적인 연수 등을 통해 학생과 학부모가 만족할 수 있는 질 높은 교과교육을 제공할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.393-396
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 3D 가상공간인 세컨드라이프에서 예비교사의 성공적인 수업연습을 위한 물리적 환경 및 절차적 모형을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서 수행한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업 연습 관련 이론 탐색 및 문헌 연구를 통해 성공적인 수업연습을 위한 필수조건들을 탐색하였으며, 이 조건들로부터 수업연습을 위한 절차적 모형의 시안을 개발하였다. 둘째, 세컨드라이프에서 수업연습을 위해 필요한 교실의 물리적 구성요소를 개발하였다. 개발된 교실의 물리적 구성요소는 교실공간, 칠판, 교사용 책걸상, 학생용 책걸상, 출입문, 창문, 게시판, 프리젠테이션 도구 등이었다. 셋째, 세컨드라이프에서 수업연습을 위해 필요한 의사소통 도구를 탐색하였다. 탐색 결과, 텍스트 대화 도구, 음성 대화 도구, 노트카드 사용 도구, 공지사항 사용 도구 등이 의사소통을 위해 필요한 요소로 결정되었다. 마지막으로, 세컨드라이프내의 교실 안에서 의사소통 도구를 활용하여 예비교사의 수업연습을 수행하였다. 이 수행결과에 기반하여 세컨드라이프에서의 예비교사의 수업연습을 위한 절차적 모형을 완성하였다. 이 연구는 예비교사들에게 실제적 수업연습(field-based teaching practice)에 앞서, 3D 가상공간인 세컨드라이프에서 실험적 수업연습(laboratory-based teaching practice) 경험을 가능하게 하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 3D 가상공간인 세컨드라이프에서 예비교사의 성공적인 수업실습을 위한 수업실습장을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서 수행한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업실습 관련 이론 탐색 및 문헌 연구를 통해 세컨드라이프에서의 수업실습의 가능성을 탐색하였다. 둘째, 가상공간의 특성에 대한 문헌 연구를 통해 가상공간에서 예비교사의 수업실습이 성공적인 경험이 되기 위한 조건들을 탐색하였다. 셋째, 이 조건들로부터 세컨드라이프에서의 수업실습 절차를 개발하였다. 넷째, 세컨드라이프에서 수업실습을 위해 필요한 실습장을 설계하고 개발하였다. 마지막으로, 세컨드라이프내의 교실 안에서 예비교사의 수업실습을 수행하였다. 이 수행결과에 기반하여 실습장의 구성요소를 수정.보완하여 개발을 완료하였다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2014

This study is intended to examine 36 in-service secondary school mathematics teachers' conceptions of proof in the context of mathematics and mathematics education. The results suggest that almost teachers recognize the role as justification well but have the insufficient conceptions about another various roles of proof in mathematics. The results further suggest that many of teachers have vague concept-images in relation with the requirement of proof and recognize the insufficiency about the actual teaching of proof. Based on the results, implications for revision of mathematics curriculum and mathematics teacher education are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-308
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to develop an effective model of a science teachers' professional development program. This study consists of two parts: (1) the theoretical review of science teachers' professional development and (2) a case study of a science teachers' professional development programme in the UK. After reviewing recent research on pedagogical content knowledge and new approaches to educational research, the following suggestions emerged: (1) Continuing Professional Development(CPD) should be embedded in teachers' real practice in the classroom and (2) embedded in the everyday life of learners' within the community. (3) CPD should support the development of teachers' communities of professional practice. The case study of 'CPD through Portfolios of Evidence' in the British programme indicated that collecting explicit evidence of good practice in the classroom and establishing agreement as to what constitutes good practice in a teachers' community helped teachers' professional development. Finally, what emerged from the case study of the CPD programme in the UK and the theoretical review of PCK was the following. An effective CPD model of science teachers should comprise these three stages: (1) providing opportunities of professional development, (2) changing practice in the classroom and research, and (3) spreading and sustaining change. The whole process is circular.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.239-257
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• 2019

This study attempts to understand the context of shared learning in the trading zone formed by teachers from different backgrounds and the process in which this shared learning varies in the educational context, focusing on the case of 'Woodwork Science Education Study Group.' To do this, data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight teachers who participated in the 'Woodworking Science Education Research Group' and analyzed their responses based on grounded theory. As a result, the causal conditions of the teachers' research group were 'various contexts of entering the trading zone' and the central phenomenon was 'encounter with learning in the trading zone.' Contextual conditions affecting this phenomenon were 'woodwork as a boundary object and individual transfiguration experience,' and action/interaction strategy was 'various efforts and influences in the field.' The intervention condition was 'practical effort and experience in educational field.' Final result in this model is 'the new practice of learning shared in the trading zone.' In selective coating, it was found that the practice of the teacher's research group appears as four types of' 'Extracurricular creative experience type,' 'career education type,' 'curricula education type,' and 'school management type.' The results of this study suggest that the shared learning and antonymous practice among teachers in the teachers' research group as trading zone do not only meet their learning needs but also lead to various teaching practices in the individual teachers' context of education and improve the diversity and quality of education.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-555
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze how the context problems by prospective teachers are solved. In order to achieve this aim, this study examined the conceptual nature of context based on previous studies. I developed context problems about linear programming with reference to the results of the examination about the natural characterization of context. These problems were given to 44 prospective teachers and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data obtained from the written solutions by the participants. This study also developed the framework descriptors for this analysis in the light of the Mathematics Scoring Rubric from Illinois Department of Education(2005). The data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of this framework and the specific characteristics shown in the process of problem solving by the teachers were categorized into four types as a result.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-64
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• 2022

This study explored the elementary school teachers' experiences while teaching students with low achievement in science based on the grounded theory. In-depth interviews and analysis were conducted on 13 teachers with experiences in teaching students with low achievement in science within the last three years and more than five years of field experience until the theoretical saturation of data on the teaching experiences for students with low achievement in science. The analysis results were as follows. First, the teaching experiences of elementary school teachers for underachievers in science were classified into 119 concepts, 41 subcategories, and 17 categories. Based on the paradigm model, the categories were structured and presented as causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action/interaction strategies and consequences based on the central phenomenon of 'difficulty in teaching students with low achievement in science'. Second, the core category of elementary school teachers' teaching underachievers in science was assumed to be 'overcoming difficulties and teaching underachievers in science'. And according to the properties and dimensions of the core category, teachers who teaching students with low achievement in science were divided into four types: 'compromising-', 'overcoming-', 'accepting-', and 'conflicting-reality type'. Third, a conditional matrix was presented to summarize and integrate the results of this study by classifying the teaching experience of elementary school teachers for underachievers in science into educational providers and educational demanders. On the basis of these findings, educational implications for teaching students with low achievement in science were discussed.