• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2010

For the aeroelastic analysis of a wing with friction damping, coupled time integration method was used to obtain time responses in the subsonic and transonic regions. To take into account aerodynamic nonlinearity induced by shock wave on the lifting surface, transonic small disturbance equation with in-phase periodic boundary condition was used for unsteady aerodynamic calculation. For 2-DOF airfoil system with displace-dependent friction dampers, the effects of normal load slope and Mach number on flutter boundary were investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2017

The temporal distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and the vertical component of Reynolds stresses ($-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$) was measured during one wave period under high wave energy conditions. The wave data were obtained at Hujeong Beach in the east coast of Korea at January 14~18 of 2017 when an extratropical cyclone was developed in the East Sea. Among the whole thousands of waves measured during the period, hundreds of regular waves that had with similar pattern were selected for the analysis in order to give three representing mean wave patterns using the ensemble average technique. The turbulence properties were then estimated based on the selected wave data. It is interesting to find out that $-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$ has one clear peak near the time of flow reversal while TKE has two peaks at the corresponding times of maximum cross-shore velocity magnitudes. The distinguished pattern of Reynolds stress indicates that vertical fluxes of such properties as suspended sediments may be enhanced at the time when the horizontal flow direction is reversed to disturb the flows, supporting the turbulence convection process proposed by Nielsen (1992). The characteristic patterns of turbulence properties are examined using the CADMAS-SURF Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. Although the model can reasonably simulate the distribution of TKE pattern, it fails to produce the $-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$ peak at the time of flow reversal, which indicates that the application of RANS model is limited in the prediction of some turbulence properties such as Reynolds stresses.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to determine the effects of disturbances from wild boar grubbing on the functions of ecosystem. The experiments was performed in Mt. Jumbong of Long-term Ecological Research Sites of the Ministry of Environment. We measured soil physical properties, soil respiration($CO_2$), microbial biomass C, and soil enzyme activities from both disturbed and control plots. The disturbance sites were divided into two parts, mounds and pits. Soil organic matter contents were highest value at the control plots and lowest at the pit plots, respectively at 20.22% and 15.52%. The soil bulk densities were highest at the pit plots. Soil microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution were significantly higher at the control plots compared to the disturbed plots. The results were positively correlated with soil organic matter contents. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil showed similar pattern as the microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution results. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C. Soil organic matter contents seemed to affect the soil enzyme activities. The nitrate reductase activities were highest at the pit plots, which showed positive correlation with soil bulk density. The study results showed that the grubbing disturbances by wild boars induced the changes in soil properties, which affected soil microbial activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Three dimensional structures of detonation waves propagating in a square tube were investigated using a high resolution CFD code coupled with a conservation equation of reaction progress variable and an one-step irreversible reaction. The code were parallelized based on domain decomposition technique using MPI library. The computations were carried on an in-house Windows cluster with AMD processors. Three-dimensional unsteady analysis results in the smoked-foil records caused by the instabilities of the detonation waves, which showed the rectangular and diagonal modes of detonation instabilities depending on the initial condition of disturbances and the spinning detonation for case of small reaction constant.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2C
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• pp.125-131
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• 2008

Ground stiffness(shear wave velocity) is one of the key parameters in geotechnical earthquake engineering. An In-situ seismic technique has its own advantages and disadvantages over the others in stiffness measurements. By combining the crosshole and seismic cone techniques and utilizing favourable features of bender elements, a new hybrid probe has been developed in order to enhance data quality and easiness of testing. The basic structure of the probe, called "MudFork" is a fork composed of two blades, on each of which source and receiver bender elements were mounted respectively. To evaluate the disturbance caused by the penetration of the probe, shear wave velocity measurements were carried out in the Kaolinite slurry in the laboratory. Finally, the probe was penetrated in coastal mud near Incheon, Korea, using SPT(standard penetration test)rods pushed with a routine boring machine and shear wave velocity measurements were carried out. The results were verified with data from laboratory and cone testing. The performance of the probe turns out to be excellent in terms of data quality and testing convenience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

It is critical to assess the characteristics of flame response to pressure perturbations for the understanding of nonlinear combustion instabilities. Previous studies can be grouped into flame response upon perturbed, fresh air and fuel mixture, and flame response directly perturbed from longitudinal waves. The present study presents experimental methodology for the understanding of the flame response exposed to transverse acoustic waves generated by loud speakers.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.83-101
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• 2002

Elastic waves provide an important information about the soil mass in the near-surface. Soil properties in relation to elastic wave parameters are clarified to facilitate the application of geophysical technique to soil characterization. As an example, experiments are performed to gain further insight into the behavior of unsaturated particulate materials using bender elements. The small strain stiffness is continuously measured on specimens subjected to drying, and changes in stiffness are related to changes in interparticle forces such as capillarity, bonding due to ion sharing, buttress effect due to fine migration, and cementation due to salt precipitation. The rate of menisci regeneration is studied after a perturbation as well. Finally, several phenomena associated with the evolution of capillary forces during drying are identified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1996

The skewness of near-bottom velocity distribution caused by the nonlinear interaction of the second order waves proposed by Wells (1967) has been re-evaluated. The direction of cross-shore sediment transport was related to the sign of the third moment (skewness) of velocity distribution, and a new concept of neutral depth which can explain the recovery of beach equilibrium after a disturbance is suggested. The seasonal change of beach profile due to the change of wave condition (storm-swell profile) is interpreted in terms of nonlinear interaction of the waves rather than the conventional wave steepness. The beach is eroded (storm profile) when the nonlinear interaction of the waves is strong (storm wave), whereas the beach is accreted (swell profile) when the nonlinear interaction is weak (swell wave).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

This paper summarizes the technical difficulties pertaining the double-compression ramp scramjet inlet model testing in a shock tunnel and their corresponding solutions. Four technical difficulties are identified: 1) test facility unstart, 2) flow disturbance and model damage due to the impact of diaphragm debris, 3) lack of fuel jet development due to multiple injection, and 4) short test time. After overcoming the identified technical difficulties, the improved results were confirmed through the results of shadowgraph images and shock tube end wall pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2000

플라즈마 연구 및 응용에서 플라즈마를 구성하는 이온에 대한 정보를 얻는 것은 중요하다. 특히 플라즈마 진단, 박막 증착, 플라즈마 코팅, 플라즈마 이온주입 등과 같은 플라즈마 프로세싱에서 이온들의 종류 구성비율 및 분포는 매우 중요하다. 질량분석기는 대개 큰 규모로 복잡하고 값비싼 경향이 있다. 플라즈마 교란을 최소화하면서 충분한 질량분해능을 갖고 국소적으로 이온들을 분석할 수 있는 간단하고 작은 규모의 값싼 질량분석기가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마 내에 존재하는 이온을 분석하기 위하여 간단하고 작은 규모의 값싼 프라즈마 이온 질량분석기를 설계, 제작하였다. 이온 질량분석기는 ion extraction part, double focusing sector magnet, ion collector로 구성되어 있다. 플라즈마에 잠기는 ion extraction part의 외부 전극에 Al2O3를 코팅하여 플라즈마 교란을 최소화하였다. 이온들의 공간적 분포를 측정하기 쉽게 하기 위하여 ion extraction part를 이동하여도 질량여과기를 통과한 후에 접속되는 초점의 위치가 Faraday ion collector 에 고정되도록 ion optical system을 설계하였다. Extracting electrode에 의하여 가속된 이온들이 sector magnet에 들어갈 때 평행이 되게 하기 위하여 여러 개의 미세구조를 갖는 Mo grids를 사용하고 immersion lens를 넣어서 이온 광학 시스템을 구성하였다. extraction electrode와 sector magnet 사이에 보조 electrode를 하나 더 넣어서 extracting electrode와 보조 electrode 사이에 immersion lens를 만들었다. 질량여과기로는 permanent magnet sector와 time-varying electrical field를 결합하여 사용하였다. Extracting electrode에 1kV 정도의 전압을 인가하여 이온들을 가속시키고 sector magnet에 톱니파 형태의 전압을 인가하여 mass spectrum을 얻었다. 이온 질량분석기를 플라즈마 장치에 적용하여 질량분해능 등의 특성을 연구하였다. Hot cathode discharge와 inductively coupled RF discharge에서 발생된 질소 플라즈마를 구성하는 이온들의 종류와 그 구성비율을 연구하였다.