• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.443-450
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesive to amalgam according to different light sources (halogen-based light and light emitting diode (LED)) and amalgam surface treatments. Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups (4 experimental and 2 control groups) of 15 by light sources and surface treatments. Orthodontic brackets were bonded and shear bond strength was measured with an Instron universal testing machine. The findings were as follows: The bond strength of adhesive to amalgam surface was 3-5.5 MPa which was lower than that of acid-etched enamel (19 MPa) control. In the sandblasted amalgam surface, the shear bond strength of the halogen light group was higher than that of the LED group (p < 0.05) but. in the non-treated amalgam surface. there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength according to the light sources (p> 0.05). Within the same light source. sandblasting had no significant effect on the shear bond strength of the adhesive bonded to amalgam surface (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in shear bond strength according to the light sources in acid-etched enamel control groups. This results suggest that there can be a limit in using light curing adhesives when brackets are bonded to an amalgam surface. Additional clinical studies are necessary before routine use of halogen light and LED light curing units can be recommended in bonding brackets to an amalgam surface.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 1990

It is well know that optical oupler that is composed of the polished single-mode optical fiber can separate two arbitrary wave lengths. Wavelength division ranges of the WDM optical coupler that is made of the bending fiber with radius R vary with the center wavelength of the signal and spacing between two cores. In this paper, when optical fiber is fixed with the radius R, We proposed the spacing between two cores that can provide minimum division range. Also, We proposed the minimum radius R necessary to separate two arbitary wavelengths of the signal.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.22-22
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• 1991

광의 병렬처리 능력을 잘 활용한 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치의 구조와 전극구조를 설계하고 스위치 특성을 조사하기 위하여 beam propagation method(BPM)를 이용하여 수치계산을 하였다. 기존의 매트릭스 스위치는 대부분의 경우 방향성 결합기를 스위치 element로 이용하여 왔으나 이 결합기는 소자의 길이가 길기 때문에 단일 LinBO3 웨이퍼상에 집적할 수 있는 매트릭스 스위치의 크기가 제한되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 도파로 사이에 세 번째 도파로를 삽입하여 두 도파로를 결합시키는 세 도파로 결합기를 스위치 element로 사용하여 세 개의 스위치 element를 LiNbO3기판위에 직렬로 집적시킨 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치를 구성하였다. 스위치 element와 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치를 구성하였다. 스위치 element와 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치의 특성을 BPM을 사용하여 수치계산할 때 단일 모드 도파로의 유효 굴절을 분포는 n(X) = nm + $\Delta$ncosh-2(2x/w)의 형태로 가정했으며, 사용된 파라미터의 값은 각각 nm=2.1455, $\Delta$n=0.003, W=5$mu extrm{m}$, d=5$\mu\textrm{m}$, λ=1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이고 S-파라메터의 값은 0.95927이므로 단일 모드 도파로가 된다. 계산결과 스위치 element의 결합길이는 3810$\mu\textrm{m}$이며 도파로의 길이가 결합길이와 같을 때 전극에 인가된 전압에 의한 도파로의 굴절을 섭등의 함수로 출력광의 세기를 계산한 결과 스위칭 전압은 14.85volt이고 crosstalk는 -18.9dB였다. 이 스위치 element로 구성된 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치는 스위칭 전압을 세 개의 전극에 적절한 조합으로 인가함으로써 한 입력 도파로에 결합된 광이 내개의 출력 도파로중 한 도파로에 스위칭 된다. 한편 수치계산의 결과를 실험적으로 확인하기 위해 스위치 element와 1$\times$4 매트릭스 스위치를 z-cut의 LinbO3 결정에 Ti을 열확산시켜 제작한 소자의 스위칭 특성을 발표할 예정이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.678-688
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• 1990

In this paper, pSDF-based referance image is realized. Using BJTC(binary joint transform correlator) as the spatial plane correlator, optical pattern recognition for intraclass indentification is performed. Computer simulation shows that the correlation performance of BJTC is superior to that of JTC. Experimental results using BJTC reveal that correlation peak intensity is constant within the error range from 4.1% to 9.6% in intraclass indentification.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

A directional coupler device, one of the fundamental components of photonic integrated circuits, distributes optical power by evanescent field coupling between two adjacent optical waveguides. In this paper, the design process for manufacturing a directional coupler device is reviewed, and the accuracy of the design results, as seen from the characteristics of the actual fabricated device, is confirmed. When designing a directional coupler device through a two-dimensional (2D) beam-propagation-method (BPM) simulation, an optical structure is converted to a two-dimensional planar structure through the effective index method. After fabricating the directional coupler device array, the characteristics are measured. To supplement the 2D-BPM results that are different from the experimental results, a 3D-BPM simulation is performed. Although 3D-BPM simulation requires more computational resources, the simulation result is closer to the experimental results. Furthermore, the waveguide core refractive index used in 3D-BPM is adjusted to produce a simulation result consistent with the experimental results. The proposed design procedure enables accurate design of directional coupler devices, predicting the experimental results based on 3D-BPM.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.30-31
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• 2000

파장 분할 다중 방식을 사용하는 모든 전광 통신망은 파장 재사용과 routing를 위해 반드시 파장 변환기를 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 반도체 광 증폭기와 반도체 레이저를 수평 결합시킨 새로운 구조를 제안함으로써 기존의 파장 변환기가 가졌던 문제점들을[1][2][3] 해결하고자 한다. 두개의 모드가 약하게 결합되었을 때는 그 파의 크기나 전파상수는 서로 영향을 미치게 된다. 예를 들면 수평결합 파장가변 LD[4]나 방향성 결합 파장 변환기[5]는 이 특성을 이용한 소자이다. 본 논문에서 제안된 소자도 이러한 결합모드 특성을 이용하였다. (중략)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5A
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• pp.674-681
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• 2000

We proposed polymer based vertical asymmetric optical coupler. And we optimized the proposed device by coupling characteristic analysis In 1.33um wavelength, TE mode, we obtained very short coupling length(L=277.6um), high coupling efficiency(94%). The merits of proposed device are low propagation loss due to very short full device, low production cost and time, and high integrated fabrication. We will use this to fabricate optical switch, modulator and tunable WDM devices, etc.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.86-92
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• 1999

A rigorous modal transmission-line theory (MTLT) based on effective dielectric method (EDM) is introduced and developed for the design of optical directional couplers with rib-type. This approach provides a rigorous numerical algorithm that takes all the possible guided components into consideration, and thus may serve as an appropriate reference to access the accuracy of such simplified methods as effective index method (EIM) and perturbation theory. Consequently, to search the optical parameters for maximum power coupling of the optical couplers, we evaluate the operating wavelength, the interval S between rib guides and the thickness t of a cladding layer.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.7 no.1 s.12
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• pp.16-21
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• 2003

A rigorous modal transmission-line theory (MTLT) based on effective dielectric method (EDM) is introduced and developed to analyze the polarization beam-splitting of optical rib-type directional coupler with three guiding layers. Furthermore, to confirm the validity of approach proposed in this paper, we compare our results with those ones of BeamPROP, which is a commercial software package used widely. Consequently, the numerical results reveal that the hybrid modes incident into a guiding channel of rib-type coupler are split well through upper and lower guiding channels in a polarization length.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.174-175
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• 2003

광섬유-평면도파로 결합기는 평면도파로의 재료와 구조에 따라 다양한 응응이 가능하다. 특히 평면도파로의 전기광학 효과를 이용하면 고속 광변조 현상을 얻을 수 있다. 평면도파롱에 전기장을 인가하기 위해서는 두개의 도체 전극이 필요하다. 전극으로 주로 금속을 많이 이용하기 때문에 금속층이 포함된 광섬유-평면도파로 결합기의 특성을 연구하는 것이 요구된다. 본 논문에서 그림 1과 같이 금속 중간층이 포함된 광섬유-평면도파로 결합기의 구조의 동작특성을 측정하고 결과를 보고한다. (중략)