• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 1999

Trace cadmium was determined in urine by flame and nameless AAS. Inflame method, cadmium was extracted into MIBK from Cd-DDTC complex. In flameless method, samples were pretreated with 1%, Triton X-100. 1% $HNO_3$ and matrix modifier $Pd(NO_3)_2$. Analysis of cadmium was, performed at $450-750^{\circ}C$ ashing temperature by use of pyrocoated tubes. Results of analysis, flameless method superior in sample treatment and reproducibility to flame method and highest absorbance was obtained at $550^{\circ}C$ ashing temperature. 100 mg/L $Pd(NO_3)_2$ concentration. Proposed method were applied to the determination of cadmium in standard urine Lononorm-Metalle 3.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.472-478
• /
• 2001

We determined the optical constants and thickness of organic electroluminescence thin films using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Using the measured transmittance spectra and the spectroscopic ellipsomeoy data of the organic films on glass substrates in the optically transparent region, we determined the effective thickness and the refractive indices of organic thin films. Then by applying a numerical inversion method to variable angle spectro-ellipsometry data, we determined the complex refractive index at each wavelength including the optically absorbing region, as well as the thickness and surface micro-roughness of the organic thin films. The calculated transmittance spectra showed a tight agreement with the measured ones, confining the validity of the present model analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.1317-1324
• /
• 2011

We propose a method operated in a vehicle to measure light absorption of particles in atmosphere. The advantage of this method is that it is insensitive to light scattering and hence can be used for the direct measurement of the light absorption coefficient without suffering from light scattering. With this method atmospheric light absorption can be measured at a time constant of 10 s. Further, our method allows for the real-time measurement of light absorption near a highway. The light absorption coefficients were high near a race track, an airport and the main gate where vehicles emitted carbonaceous particles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.683-683
• /
• 2013

박막태양전지의 일종인 CIGS 태양전지는 직접천이형 반도체로 광흡수계수가 $1{\times}10^5cm^{-1}$로 매우 높고, 전기광학적 안정성이 우수하여 실리콘 결정질 태양전지를 대체할 고효율 태양전지로 각광받고 있다. CIGS 태양전지는 광흡수층 공정방법에 따라 다양한 결정구조 및 효율 차이가 나타난다. 본 실험에서는 Sputtering방법으로 금속전구체를 증착하고, Sequential process를 이용하여 고온에서 셀렌화 열처리를 수행하였다. Soda-lime glass 기판에 배면전극으로 Mo를 증착하고, 1단계로 CuIn0.7Ga0.3 조성비의 타겟을 이용하여 Sputtering법으로 $1.0{\sim}1.2{\mu}m$두께의 CIG 전구체를 증착하였다. 2단계로 CIG 전구체에 분자빔증착기를 이용하여 Se를 증착하고, 열처리를 통하여 CIGS 화합물 구조의 박막을 형성시켰다.증착된 CIGS 박막은 광전자분광분석기로 원소의 화학적 결합상태를 확인하고, in-situ 엑스선회절분석을 통해 Se층의 증착두께와 열처리 온도 변화에 따른 CIGS 층의 결정구조 및 결정화도 변화를 분석하였다.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2004

Diode laser absorption sensors are advantageous because they may provide fast, sensitive, absolute, and selective measurements of species concentration. These systems are very attractive for practical applications owing to its compactness, reasonable cost, robustness, and ease of use. In addition, diode lasers we fiber-optic compatible and thus enable simultaneous measurements of multiple species along a line-of-sight. Recent advances of room-temperature, near-IR and visible diode laser sources for telecommunication, optical data storage applications make it possible to be applied for combustion diagnostics based on diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Therefore, combined with fiber-optics and high sensitive detection strategies, compact and portable sensor systems are now appearing for variety of applications. The objectives of this research are to develop new gas sensing system and to verify feasibility of this system. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy has been demonstrated in these experiments and has a bright prospect to this diode laser system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.321-321
• /
• 2016

한경오염의 증가에 따라 광촉매 물질을 이용한 환경 정화의 필요성이 대두되고 있다 [1]. 광촉매와 전기화학셀은 빛을 이용하여 다른 에너지를 생산하는 능력을 가지고 있다. 이 전기화학셀의 성능향상을 위해서는 적절한 밴드갭을 이용한 광흡수의 증가, 전자재결합의 감소, 전기화학적 반응 표면의 증가가 필요하다. 산화 아연은 잘 알려진 n형 산화물 반도체로서 좋은 전기적 특성과 광촉매 성능으로 전기화학셀에 적합한 소재이다. 그러나 산화 아연은 액체 전해물질 상에서 안정성이 좋지 못하다 [2]. 이를 해결하기 위해 단층 그래핀 혹은 풀러렌(C60)을 이용하여 산화아연을 코팅하는 방법을 제안하였는데, 풀러렌을 사용 시 단층 그래핀에 비하여 전기화학셀의 전기화학적 반응은 높았으나 안정성은 더 떨어지는 모습을 보였다 [3]. 본 연구에서는 다층 그래핀을 이용하여 전기화학적 반응도 높고 안정성도 높은 산화아연-다층 그래핀 양자점의 합성 및 이를 이용한 전기화학셀 소자의 특성을 연구하였다. X선 회절법, 라만 분광법, 투과 전자 현미경, 광발광 분광기, 시간-분해성 광발광 분광기를 이용하여 산화아연-다층 그래핀 양자점의 특성을 분석하였고, 이를 이용하여 광양극을 제작하여 전기화학적 특성을 관측하였으며 로다민 B 염료를 이용한 분해 테스트를 통하여 광촉매 성능을 확인하였고 사이클 테스트를 통하여 안정성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 1996

The analysis of trace cadmium in blood by using 10 folds diluted samples with 1% Triton X-100 and Fork platform tube at the ashing temperature of 500$^{\circ}C$ has been performed by GFAAS. In this study, good analytical results were obtained from peak area and peak height methods. The detection limits of SH and $D_2$ arc background correction are 0.02 ng/mL and 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviation is within 5% at the level of 1.0 ng/mL.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is a typical health hazard, resulting in about 7 million premature deaths each year. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the major air pollutants, and the combustion process with sulfur-containing fuels generates it. Measuring SO2 generation in large combustion environments in real time and optimizing reduction facilities based on measured values are necessary to reduce the compound's presence. This paper describes the concentration measurement for SO2, a particulate matter precursor, using a wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). This study employed a quantum cascade laser operating at 7.6 ㎛ as a light source. It demonstrated concentration measurement possibility using 64 multi-absorption lines between 7623.7 and 7626.0 nm. The experiments were conducted in a multi-pass cell with a total path length of 28 and 76 m at 1 atm, 296 K. The SO2 concentration was tested in two types: high concentration (1000 to 5000 ppm) and low concentration (10 ppm or less). Additionally, the effect of H2O interference in the atmosphere on the measurement of SO2 was confirmed by N2 purging the laser's path. The detection limit for SO2 was 3 ppm, and results were compared with the electronic chemical sensor and nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 1995

Antireflection coatings on optical lenses commertially available in domestic market are optically analyzed. Transmission spectra and reflection spectra are collected using spectrophotometers. The apparent absorption spectra around the absorption band edge are dominated by the substrate absorption. The reflection spectra and the apparent absorption spectra at visible region between 400nm and 700nm show very strong correlation to each other except a couple samples. The discrepency observed in the latters are due to an increased absorption in visible region by the substrate, which is negative effect of these samples. An antireflection coating consisted of $SiO_2/TiO_2/SiO_2/ZrO_2/Cr$ is made on c-Si substrate for spectroscopic ellispometry analysis. A film-by-film coating is accomplished and between each film deposition, ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements are made. The analysis of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data reveals that the average film densities of $ZrO_2$ and $TiO_2$ reach only 80% of their respective packing densities and thick films are inhomogeneous along film growth direction. Discussions are made toward in-situ, real-time monitoring of the film growth so that a real-time feedback is possible to achieve a post-correction to minor deviations occured in the previous step. step.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2013

The electronic structures of $TCr_2O_4$ (T = Fe, Co, Ni) spinel oxides have been investigated by employing synchrotron radiation-based soft X ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The measured 2p XAS spectra of transition-metal ions reveal that Cr ions are trivalent ($Cr^{3+}$), and all the T (T = Fe, Co, Ni) ions are divalent ($Fe^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$). It is also found that most of T (T = Fe, Co, Ni) ions occupy the A sites under the tetrahedral symmetry, while Cr ions occupy mainly the B sites under the octahedral symmetry. These findings show that the structures of $TCr_2O_4$ (T = Fe, Co, Ni) are very close to the normal spinel structures. Based on these findings, it is expected that Jahn-Teller (JT) effects are important in $FeCr_2O_4$ and $NiCr_2O_4$. In contrast, $CoCr_2O_4$ maintains the cubic structure without having the JT distortion since both $Cr^{3+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ ions are non-JT ions. This work suggests that the antiferromagnetic interaction between $Cr^{3+}$ and $T^{2+}$ ions plays an important role in determining the magnetic properties of $TCr_2O_4$ (T = Fe, Co, Ni).