• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.437-471
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• 2002

The photosensitivity enhancement of photoresist achieved by the addition of acid amplifiers stems from the autocatalytic decomposition of the acid amplifiers triggered by acidic species generated from a photoacid gen-erator. In this research we synthesized and evaluated 4-hydroxy-4'-p-styrenesulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohex-ane(1), 4,4'-di-p-styrenesulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(2) and 4-p-styrenesulfonyloxy-4'-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(3) as novel acid amplifiers. These acid amplifiers(1-3) showed reasonable thermal stability for resist pro-cessing temperature. As estimated by the sensitivity curve, 1-3 were 2X-12X sensitive than poly(tert-butyl meth-acrylate) film in the presence of a photoacid generator and, therefore, provides practical applicability for photoimaging.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1211-1215
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• 2010

국내의 석탄자원은 1989년부터 비경제 탄광은 폐광시키고 경제성 있는 탄광을 육성하는 석탄산업 합리화시책을 실시하여, 전국 343개의 탄광이 폐광되어 현재는 5개의 탄광만이 가행되고 있다. 이들 가행광산중 강원도 삼척시 도계읍에 위치한 채탄작업을 위한 갱구 입구의 작업지역(DCM, Dogye coal mine)을 선정하여 강우 유출수 모니터링을 시행하였다. DCM지역의 수문분석 결과 연강우량의 83%는 일 강우 80 mm 이하에서 발생하였다. 또한 연강우량의 50% 이상이 40 mm 이하의 강우계급에서 발생하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연간 강우횟수는 약 90회 정도 발생하고 있으며, 평균적으로 4일에 1회의 강우가 발생하였다. 또한 100 mm 이상의 강우도 연평균 강수량의 13.78%를 차지하고 있어 집중호우가 총 강우량에 미치는 영향이 작지 않음을 나타냈다. 비점오염의 배출은 강우량에 의해 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 기상이변으로 게릴라성 집중호우가 많이 발생하는 요즘 큰 강우사상에 대하여 많은 대비를 해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2009

비교적 한정되고 정해진 구역에서 오염물질이 배출되는 것을 점오염이라고 하는 반면, 비점오염은 도시, 농지, 산지, 등 불특정 구역에서 오염물질을 발생시킨다. 점오염에 관한 오염관리가 체계적으로 시행되었던 이전과 달리 최근에는 비점오염에 대한 대책이 시급해짐에 따라 정부는 비점오염에 대한 중요성을 유념하여 한강수계를 대상으로 오염총량관리제를 시범적으로 실시하였다. 환경부는 기존 비점오염원 원단위 부하를 세분화 하여 오염총량제도의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 노력하고 있다. 우리나라의 비점오염의 관한 연구 중 광산(탄광)지역의 관한 연구는 매우 적다. 본 연구는 광산(탄광)지역의 장기간의 유량 및 수질 모니터링을 통하여 계절별 배출되는 비점오염물질의 유량을 비교하고, ESTIMATOR 모델 방법으로 T-N과 T-P를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 광산(탄광)지역의 장기적인 모니터링 수행으로 비점오염부하 산정의 유용한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

The passive treatment was required a large area for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), and pollutants were discharged with mine drainage by the increased flow rate in summer. This study was performed to improve the turbidity and to precipitate the pollutants quickly using coagulants and flocculants in AMD of abandoned mine sites that were difficult to build the passive treatment system. The coagulant PAC (Poly aluminium chloride) and flocculant PAM (Polyacrylamide) were selected to improve turbidity in W mine waters. We also tested the particle size analysis, ICP-OES and/or SEM-EDS for water and sludge samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.166-168
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• 2013

광산의 작업 환경은 매우 위험하기 때문에 안전사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며, 이는 광부의 개인 안전을 크게 위협하고 있다. 광부에게 광산에서 안전사고가 생길 시에는 광부의 위치가 제일 먼저 파악되어야 하고 이는 가장 중요한 정보 중 하나이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ZigBee를 이용하여 무선 센서 네트워크를 구성하고, 안전사고가 빈번히 발생하는 광산에서의 광부 위치 관리 시스템을 설계하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 광부의 이동범위에 설치된 ZigBee Reader와 광부의 신체 및 소지품에 부착된 ZigBee Tag와 ZigBee 무선 센서 네트워크의 정보를 관리하는 ZigBee 서버및 데이터를 기록할 DB와 지상 관리자의 요구를 받아 이 정보를 지상 관리자에게 알려주는 위치 관리 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of surface coating on iron-sulfide mineral for preventing the product acid mine drainage(AMD) was progressed by oxidation process of sulfide minerals abandoned mine Area. Three abandoned mines, Yongdong coal mine, Sil Lim mine, and Il Koang mine were selected as a sulfide mineral resource due to higher contamination rate. Six coating agents, apatite, limestone, mangnite, dolomite, bentonite, and cement were used for preventing the AMD with $H_2O_2$ and NaClO as a oxidizing agent helping for oxidizing process on sulfide minerals. Experimental results showed that sulfide mineral surface was coated effectively. Cement has a higher ability of preventing AMD when the ratio of cement to mineralis 1:1 and experimental condition is maintaining 4Days.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.619-626
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• 2009

The price fluctuation of minerals are commonly occurred through the change of market condition, and the redevelopment of closed mines are usually happened if commercial requirement can be satisfied. After 2003, as the price of most of metals increased very rapidly, Korea government tried to find the possibility of reopening for some closed metal mines. The purpose of this article is to suggest the proper ways how effectively to regulate the mine pollution concerning the redevelopment of closed mines. For this work, with the recent price trends of metals and reopening possibility of closed metal mines in Korea were reviewed. And analysing the problems of regulations for the mine development permission and mine pollution control and reclamation process of Korea, several amendments of environmental and mining regulation regimes for redevelopment of closed mines were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most severe environmental problem that results from the oxidation of pyrite $(FeS_2)$ and various other metal sulfides. In this study, the influence of microorganism was tested on the process where AMD was released and the method to inhibit AMD generated by microorganisms at abandoned mine area. The activity and growth rate of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, common microorganisms affecting AMD occurrence, were measured. Chlorine dioxide $(ClO_2)$, NaCl, or surfactant (ASOR-770) was used as an inhibitor for working on activity and growth of microorganism. Among the three inhibitors, 10ppm of chlorine dioxide was the most effective inhibitor for AMD control due to the reduced the activity and growth of microorganisms by 20%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.626-634
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• 2005

The objectives of this study was to assess pollution level and contamination status on tailings and soil in the vicinity of four disused metal mines in Kangwon province. As the result of total metal concentrations analysis, the pollution degree of tailings and soil decreased in the order of Wondong > Second Yeonhwa > Sinyemi ${\fallingdotseq}$ Sangdong mines. Total metal concentrations of mine tailings in this study were $1.2{\sim}78.2$ and $1.1{\sim}80.6$ times higher than those in the background soil and the tolerable levels suggested by Kloke, respectively. From these results, we found that tailings served as contamination source of nearby soil. According to sequential extraction of metals, large proportion of heavy metals in all mine tailings existed in the form of a residual fraction, and heavy metals in non-residual form was mainly associated with Fe-Mn oxide fraction and sulfidic-organic fraction. Fe-Mn oxide fraction and sulfidic-organic fraction of heavy metals may be released into and contaminated the nearby environment under the oxidation or reduction condition in long-term. In particular, the proportions of the exchangeable and carbonate fraction of Cd in mine tailings from Second Yeonhwa mine were relatively high. This suggests that Cd may be easily released into and contaminated the nearby environment in the near time. Concentrations of heavy metals in mine tailings and the nearby soil exceeded the standard (agricultural area) of Soil Environment Conservation Law. So it was thought that remediation for mine tailings and the nearby soil is needed. The pollution indices of the samples in this study were for higher than 1.0 and the pollution degree was very serious. Priority remediation site for these mines was Wondong. As Results of danger indices, it was showed that exchangeable form in Wondong and Fe-Mn oxide form in the rest mines should be removed preferentially.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Attempts were made to analyze the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of inactive or abandoned metal (IAM) mines in Korea. This approach focused on legal systems and legislation, remediation technology development, and the arrangement or distribution of budgets pertaining to national policy since the mid 1990's. Prevention of Mining Damage and Recovery Act enacted. Defines the roles, responsibility and budget of the government when recovering mine damages. However, in 2005 there still remains to improve the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of IAM mines. Analysis of national and industrialized foreign countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands suggest the following improvements: i) arranging distinct regulations between strict and non-strict liability criteria for potentially responsible parties; limiting innocent and non-strict liability depending on the period of incurred mining activity, ii) enhancing participation of local communities by enforcing law and legislation, iii) establishing a national database system of (potentially) IAM contaminated sites based on the Website-Geographic Information System, iv) carrying out site-specific risk assessments and remediation of IAM contaminated sites, v) preparation and distribution of clean-up fund at mine sites adequately, and vi) technology development for the cleaning of IAM contaminated sites; awarding positive incentives of a legal nature for participants applying newly developed technology in IAM mines.