• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.127-151
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• 2013

This research was to investigate the role of message regulatory focus on the advertising effect of multiple models. The multiple models are limited to two models in one advertisement in this research. This research investigated the hypothesis that multiple models, in terms of multiple source effect and social consensus, appears specifically to enhance the relationship of consumer and commercial models on the conditions of promotion-focused message which leads to the information processing of relational elaboration. This research applied a between-subjects factorial design targeting 2(the number of model: single model vs. multiple models) by 2(message regulatory focus: promotion-focused message vs. prevention-focused message). As a result, multiple models showed more positive ad attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention than did single model. And promotion-focused message with multiple models showed more positive ad attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention than did prevention-focused message with multiple models. Also there was an interaction effect between the number of model and the type of message regulatory focus. It wasn't fully supported that there is no difference of advertising effect between promotion-focused message and prevention-focused message on the condition of single model.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

Businesses make use of advertising strategy using models to give consumers efficient product information. Modern advertisements often make use of models for greater reminiscence to create messages and remind viewers of the product. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of each type of model. The subjects were 230 college students in their twenties or older, and the material was collected from October 20, 2011 to November 5, 2011 to examine the effects of model characteristics on buying intention as well as attitude toward a brand. A questionnaire survey was used; investigators gave one copy to each interviewee. The study investigated the characteristics of each model using a questionnaire of each 40 copies with five kinds of photographs. The characteristics of models had great influence on buying intention and attitude toward the brand: First, factor 2 (being honest and virtuous and having good credit and a good press assessment) and factor 3 (being interesting and a good communicator and creating good memories) had great influence on buying intention. Factor 2 was explained by reliability, and factor 3 by the efficiency of the model in creating a feeling. Second, factors 1 (being attractive, smart, unique, friendly, loved by others, and popular), 2, and 3 influenced attitude toward brand. Factor 1 encapsulated the outgoing characteristics of a model, factor 2 was based on reliability, and factor 3 was based on the efficiency of the model in creating a feeling. The model's positive effects on buying intention and attitudes toward brand shall be examined. For their positive influence on buying intention, reliability and efficiency shall be given attention. For their positive influence on attitude toward brand, creating a good impression, having outgoing characteristics, being reliable, and efficiency shall be given attention. The findings were as follows: Model characteristics influencing buying intention were similar to those influencing attitude toward brand. The differences were as follows. First, reliability and efficiency influenced buying intention. When customers were asked to consider the influence on buying intention of an advertisement, regardless of the strength of the buying intention, they considered these two characteristics. Customers decided to buy based not only on the credibility of the product as presented in the advertisement but also the transmission of the contents of the advertisement. Second, outgoing characteristics, reliability, and efficiency influenced attitude toward a brand. The attitude toward a brand was said to be the attitude toward the business. The attitude is produced even after buying, so businesses view it as very important. The attitude might vary depending upon the model used rather than the brand. Therefore, a model with outgoing characteristics was thought to be important. Therefore, attitude toward a brand whose model influenced buying intention as well as attitude toward brand had outgoing characteristics. The result is that an image the model was related to attitude toward the brand. As such, customers would buy the goods advertised. However, an outgoing image of a model was also important to create a positive attitude toward a business brand. For instance, talent Park Gyeong-Rim's photo was used to promote cosmetics about 10 years ago. When she worked as a model of cosmetics products, she had to make compensation for losses and damages because she made a mistake on a talk show program. At that time, customers who had bought the cosmetics product asked for refunds of several billion won. As such, models who are said to be the face of the businesses they represent can play an important role. To advertise in the most attractive and effective way, the current image of a model should be investigated by examining current activities and news articles after selecting the model, and the model's efficiency and attitude toward the brand should be examined. Factors that stimulate customers' buying decisions can be used to plan advertisement that have positive influence on a brand. This study had the limitation of investigating mainly college students and there were insufficient copies of the questionnaire. The investigation was not done widely but in detail so that a concrete investigation could not be done. Further studies shall supplement these shortcomings and discuss new directions.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.431-436
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• 2022

이 연구는 MBTI의 심리 기능지표 조합인 ST, SF, NT, NF의 유형별 특징을 반영한 마케팅 문체 프레임워크를 정의하고 모델 학습을 통해 성격유형별 맞춤화 된 광고 메시지로 생성하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 활용되는 광고 메시지 자동 생성 기술은 BART 모델에 성격유형을 Prefix로 포함한 광고문을 학습시켜 성격유형에 따라 맞춤형 광고 메시지를 생성하는 방식이다. 학습된 모델은 Prefix 조작만으로 MBTI 성격유형별 문체 특징을 갖춘 광고 메시지로 변환되는 것을 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 성격유형의 특징을 문체 프레임워크로써 정의하고 이에 기반한 모델 학습을 통해 성격유형별 특징을 반영한 광고 메시지를 재현해 낼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 성격유형과 연관 feature를 함께 학습하여 유형별 문체 특징과 소구점을 포함한 광고 메시지를 생성했다는 기술적 가치가 있다. 이 연구 결과를 기반으로 차후 타겟 고객층의 성격유형과 광고 도메인을 고려한 효과적인 광고 콘텐츠를 생성해 내는 모델을 개발하여 타겟 마케팅 분야는 물론이고 지역별 또는 언어별 문체 간 차이를 구조화하거나 재현해야 하는 문제에서 기반이 되는 연구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.232-236
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• 2007

모바일 RFID 는 ‘모바일’과 'RFID’ 특징의 결합이라는 강력한 장점을 가지고 있어서 사용자 정보에 대한 파악과 사용자의 위치 및 상황에 따른 광고에 다양하게 활용될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에는 태그 매치 광고를 중심으로 한 모바일 RFID 광고 비즈니스 모델을 설계한다. 이를 위해 모바일 RFID 서비스의 특징 및 서비스 유형을 분류하는 것에서부터 연구를 시작하여, 모바일 RFID 광고의 정의 및 유형을 분류한다. 이후 모바일 RFID를 활용한 태그 매치 광고를 중심으로 시나리오를 제시하고, 비즈니스 모델의 프로세스 분석 및 각 사업 참여자들의 역할 및 제공가치와 인센티브를 고찰한다. 본 비즈니스 모델의 타당성을 논증하기 위해 태그 매치 광고와 유사성이 있는 온라인 광고 모델 및 모바일 광고에 대하여 검토한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.678-686
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• 2021

A smiling face usually has a positive effect on interpersonal relationships by delivering a warm impression. However, the stereotype content model and compensation effect between warmth and competence suggested that warmth perceptions caused by a smiling face could influence competence perceptions negatively. This study examined the negative impact of the advertising endorser's smile on purchase intention in an expensive product category by adopting the self-construal level. The study results showed that consumers with independent-self construal (vs. interdependent self-construal) showed a lower purchase intention when exposed to an ad containing an endorser's smile. In comparison, consumers with interdependent-self construal (vs. independent self-construal) showed a lower purchase intention when exposed to an ad without an endorser's smile. Thus, this study demonstrated a moderating role of self-construal in the relationship between advertising endorser's smile and purchase intention. These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical implications for effective advertising strategies in the expensive product category.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

본 논문은 향후 인터넷 사용의 많은 부분이 현재의 인간 사용자에게 에이전트로 옮겨져 갈 때 정보 검색과 상거래 활동을 중심으로 하는 현 인터넷 비즈니스 모델에 영향(Impact)으로 작용할 수 있는 요소들을 분석하고, 이로 야기되는 새로운 비즈니스 모델의 출현 및 현 비즈니스 모델의 변화에 대하여 고찰한다. 지능형 에이전트로 인한 현 인터넷 비즈니스 광고모델의 변화 및 새로운 광고모델의 등장 가능성, 인터넷상에서 제공하는 서비스에 대한 가격의 변화, 소비자/공급자간 관계의 변화, 중개업자(Intermediary)의 소멸(Disintermediation)가능성, 각 웹사이트들이 가지는 명성 및 브랜드 효과에 대하여 지능형 에이전트가 끼치는 영향 및 이로 인한 Facilitator의 출현 가능성, 에이전트를 활용한 새로운 서비스 등장으로 인한 현 기업조직 및 전략에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고 그 시사점(Implications)을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2008

Most of the extant studies on communication effects have been devoted to the typical issue, "what types of communication activities are more effective for brand awareness or brand attitudes?" However, little research has addressed another question on communication decisions, "what makes communication activities less effective?" Our study focuses on factors negatively influenced on the efficiency of communication activities, especially of Advertising. Some studies have introduced concepts closely related to our topic such as consumer confusion, brand confusion, or belief confusion. Studies on product belief confusion have found some factors misleading consumers to misunderstand the physical features of products. Studies on brand confusion have uncovered factors making consumers confused on brand names. Studies on advertising confusion have tested the effects of ad models' employed by many other firms for different products on communication efficiency. We address a new concept, Ad noises, which are any factors interfering with consumers exposed to a particular advertisement in understanding messages provided by advertisements. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of ad noises caused by ad models on brand awareness and brand attitude. There are many different types of AD noises. Particularly, we study the effects of AD noises generated from ad model selection decision. Many companies want to employ celebrities as AD models while the number of celebrities who command a high degree of public and media attention are limited. Inevitably, several firms have been adopting the same celebrities as their AD models for different products. If the same AD model is adopted for TV commercials for different products, consumers exposed to those TV commercials are likely to fail to be aware of the target brand due to interference of TV commercials, for other products, employing the same AD model. This is an ad noise caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements, which is the first type of ad noises studied in this research. Another type of AD noises is related to the decision of AD model replacement for the same product advertising. Firms sometimes launch another TV commercial for the same products. Some firms employ the same AD model for the new TV commercial for the same product and other firms employ new AD models for the new TV commercials for the same product. The typical problem with the replacement of AD models is the possibility of interfering with consumers in understanding messages of the TV commercial due to the dissimilarity of the old and new AD models. We studied the effects of these two types of ad noises, which are the typical factors influencing on the effect of communication: (1) ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements and (2) ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products. First, we measure the negative influence of AD noises on brand awareness and attitudes, in order to provide the importance of studying AD noises. Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediating conditions(variables) which can increase or decrease the effects of ad noises on brand awareness and attitudes. We study the effects of three mediating variables for ad noises caused by employing ad models who have been exposed to consumers in other advertisements: (1) the fit between product image and AD model image, (2) similarity between AD model images in multiple TV commercials employing the same AD model, and (3) similarity between products of which TV commercial employed the same AD model. We analyze the effects of another three mediating variables for ad noises caused by changing ad models with different images for same products: (1) the fit of old and new AD models for the same product, (2) similarity between AD model images in old and new TV commercials for the same product, and (3) concept similarity between old and new TV commercials for the same product. We summarized the empirical results from a field survey as follows. The employment of ad models who have been used in advertisements for other products has negative effects on both brand awareness and attitudes. our empirical study shows that it is possible to reduce the negative effects of ad models used for other products by choosing ad models whose images are relevant to the images of target products for the advertisement, by requiring ad models of images which are different from those of ad models in other advertisements, or by choosing ad models who have been shown in advertisements for other products which are not similar to the target product. The change of ad models for the same product advertisement can positively influence on brand awareness but positively on brand attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of ad model change can be weakened or strengthened depending on the relevancy of new ad models, the similarity of previous and current ad models, and the consistency of the previous and current ad messages.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.336-341
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• 2023

초대규모 언어모델의 뛰어난 생성 기술이 실질적인 부분에서 많은 도움을 주고 있음에도 불구하고 사람들의 마음을 움직일 수 있는 매력적인 광고 카피를 생성하기에는 아쉬운 점이 많다. 이 연구는 효과적인 광고 카피 자동생성을 위한 데이터 구축 방법론 연구로, 데이터에 일관적으로 학습시킬 수 있는 감성적 카피의 문체적 특징을 프레임워크로 정의하고 이를 모델에 적용한 결과를 보여 데이터 설계 방법론의 유효성을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 문체 적합성 측면에서 성공적인 결과를 확인한 것에 비해, 한국어 보조사와 같이 미세한 어감 차이를 발생시키는 요소나 의미적 중의성 해석 등의 고차원적인 한국어 구사능력을 필요로 하는 부분에서 생성모델의 개선 여지를 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 보인 감성형 카피 생성을 위한 프레임워크는 마케팅 실무에서도 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 고객 세그멘테이션 분석이 이루어진다면 타깃 고객의 취향을 고려한 효과적이고 맞춤화된 광고 카피를 생성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.29-53
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• 2018

In our study, we investigated the effects of position of endorser and endorser's gaze direction(direct/averted_image/averted_text) on advertising attitude, purchase intent and brand recognition using eye-tracking method. Focusing on the printed cosmetic ads which the role of endorser is important and indirect persuade route is relatively is emphasized, we conducted experiment on 36 participants in 20s. As prior studies, our results shows that participants paid attention to more and faster on specific element which the endorser is gazing at. But it was not reflected to ad attitude and purchase intent directly. When the endorser is positioned in left the side, the highest purchase intent was shown in direct gaze condition, while when the endorser is on the right side, the highest ad attitude was shown in gazing image condition. Additionally, the brand recognition task following eye-tracking experiment shows that recognition accuracy was higher only in condition which the endorser is in the left side looking at the product image. These results demonstrated that the gaze direction of endorser plays a role as attentional guidance, which means it can lead customer's attention to particular region in the printed ad, but the effect can be varied depending on the position of endorser and which type of information the endorser is gazing at. Therefore, ultimately, to increase customer's ad attitude and purchase intent, complex consideration of not only the gazing direction of the endorser, but the position of endorser and other diverse elements is necessary.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.100-103
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• 2016

This Study is focused on hedonic model study for retargeting advertising Based air inteface using useful information. many research related to the existing Internet of things, relatively not many study for effective advertising model based air inteface. So, this study is designed more information, fun, interactive advertising model based air inteface. therefore, result of this study show that implication to produce advertising based air inteface provides a practical guide.