• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.102-112
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to identify the effects of distraction strategies compared to usual pain management, and to compare the effects of passive and active distraction on pain responses of preschool children during immunization. A quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. Participants for each group were 30 preschool children who visited a pediatric clinic to have influenza immunization. Children in experimental groups selected one of two distraction types. Pain responses were measured by children, parents, and researcher. Pain responses by children, parents, and researcher during immunization were significantly different between groups. Children in passive or active distraction group were more distracted than children in control group. Moreover, self-reported pain response by children($2.70{\pm}0.88$) and researcher($12.97{\pm}2.39$) in active group were higher than pain scores by children($2.27{\pm}0.64$) and researcher($10.63{\pm}1.65$) in passive group. Results of this study identified that distraction intervention is an effective method for decreasing pain responses in preschool children during immunization. Passive distraction is more effective than active distraction. Use of distraction strategies during immunization should be facilitated. Further research comparing distraction strategies by types and forms is needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a critical assessment of evidence-based Korean pediatric research that can inform clinical practicability of, and future research on distraction interventions for pediatric procedural pain management. Methods: A critical review of evidence-based Korean pediatric research was conducted. Databases were searched to identify research that included an evaluation of a distraction intervention as an intervention for pediatric procedural pain management. The search yielded 68 studies. Results: From these studies, 14 were included for this review and all were recently published (2003-2014). Quasi experimental designs were most frequently used (n=12) and for 71.4% the focus was preschoolers. Audiovisual techniques were the most common form of distraction. In most studies clinical utility of the distraction intervention was not examined. Fairly consistent reductions in behavioral measures of pain in association with the distraction intervention were found but less consistent results were found for physiological measures. Conclusion: Lack of methodological rigor limits the evidence for distraction interventions to reduce pain and fear experienced by children during painful procedures. Further research to analyze the cost and time-effectiveness and to identify consumer and provider satisfaction with distraction interventions is needed to determine whether distraction interventions are clinically relevant.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.66-68
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• 1991

색소레이저의 효율과 출력 증가를 위한 연구에서 보다 강력한 펌핑 광원의 개발에 주로 많은 관심을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 펌핑광의 스펙트럼 전환을 이용하여 청록색레이저의 효율과 출력에너지를 증가 시켰다. 레이저 색소 Coumarin 503을 전환색소 BBQ와 혼합하므로 160% 이상의 청록색레이저의 출력에너지 증가와 61%의 구배 효율 증가를 얻었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.89-98
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• 2009

초고속 인터넷 서비스 보급의 확산에 따라 인터넷 이용이 더욱 편리해지고 일상화되면서 인터넷 뱅킹은 새로운 기술혁신의 수용이 아니라 생활 속에 자리 잡은 일상의 금융서비스가 되었다. 이러한 디지털 금융환경의 변화로 인해 이제 국내에도 인터넷 전문은행의 도입에 대한 시장여건이 한층 성숙되어지고 있으며, 이에 따라 인터넷 전문은행의 성공적인 시장 진입의 가능성에 대한 관심도 그 어느 때 보다 고조되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 시장의 관심을 반영하여, 기존 인터넷 뱅킹 사용자들이 인터넷 전문은행이 도입 될 경우 전환에 대해 어떠한 수용태도를 보일 것인지에 대해 실증 분석을 통해 그 가능성을 타진해 보고자 하였다.

• 비료회보
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• s.265
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• pp.22-28
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• 1984

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.963-971
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• 2016

This paper is a research of gaze analysis for measuring task switching behavior at multiple windows in GUI of windowing system. Previous methods that define area of interest for categorizing gaze had difficulties to define dynamic content that disappears or changes over time. On the other hand, this study suggests a new method to categorize gaze that defines Area of interest in a unit of window during the eye tracking experiment. In this paper, we constructed the conception of WOI(Window of Interest) in GUI of windowing system. Therefore, we developed a system using an eye tracker device and implemented a number of experiments. In addition, we analyzed the number of task switching and proportion of watched content. The method in the study comprehend from previous researches as it can measure and analyze the multi-tasking behaviors using multiple numbers of windows.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of the distraction generated by character stamp and stickers on reduction of intravenous injection pain. Method: This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. 60 preschool children who admitted to a Pediatric Department in a C University Hospital were selected as subjects. Convenience assignment was used. The two groups were homogeneous on characteristics. Results: In the experimental group, objective pain(t=3.666, p=.001), subjective pain (t=3.415, p=.001) and perceived pain by the mother(t=2.528, p=0.014) decreased after intravenous injections than the control group. There were no statistical significant differences in pulse rate or fear between the experimental and the control group.　Conclusion: These findings indicate that using character stamp and stickers could be considered as an independent nursing intervention for intravenous injection pain reduction in preschooler.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.83
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

민영화 이후의 경쟁정책에 있어서 공기업 민영화의 궁극적인 목표가 시장기능의 활성화를 통한 효율성 제고에 있음을 깊이 인식하여 민영화 과정에서 관련시장을 경쟁적인 시장구조로 전환하고 시장원리가 제대로 작동할 수 있는 여건을 마련하는데 더 큰 관심을 가져야 할 것이다. 공기업이 독점적 지위를 그대로 유지한 채 민영화한다면 이는 공적 독점으로부터 사적 독점으로의 단순한 전환을 의미할 뿐이며, 공적 규제의 악화로 사적 독점의 폐해가 보다 심각해질 우려도 있기 때문이다.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• s.419
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• pp.10-12
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• 2015

우리나라가 자원빈국에서 살아 남을 길은 경제사회구조 전반을 자원순환사회로 전환하는 것이 필요하다. 환경부는 자원순환사회전환촉진법 제정을 추진하면서 2013년부터 관계부처, 산업계, 재활용업계, 시민단체, 전문가와 함께 약 50여회에 걸친 의견수렴을 실시하여 자원순환사회를 열망하는 다양한 목소리에 귀 기울이고, 이를 정책에 녹여내기 위해 끊임없이 소통하여 왔다. 하지만 이러한 정부의 노력만으로는 한계가 있다. 미래 세대를 위해 자원순환사회로 빠른 시일 내에 진입할 수 있도록, 자원순환사회로의 전환에 대한국민 모두의 관심과 지지가 필요하다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.7 s.98
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

언제부터인가 광을 통한 전산화에 대한 관심이 최대의 화두로 나타나고 있다. 물론 광통신으로의 전환이 언젠가는 이루어지리라는 전망에 이견을 제시할 사람은 없을 것으로 보인다. 하지만 광통신이 가지는 최대 약점인 고비용의 문제가 해결되기 전까지는 광통신에 대한 꿈은 아직은 멀게 느껴지는 것이 사실이다. 이러한 상황에서 최근 많은 관심이 집중되는 분야가 바로 PON(Passive Optical Network 수동 광 가입자망)기술이다.