• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2011

The Korean government continuously increases the R&D investment in order to pursue an economic growth through technological innovation. Hence, the intensity of governmental R&D has increased rapidly. However, the whole amount of the R&D investment is still small compared to developed countries. And the type of R&D policies is more and more changing from the catch-up model to the technology-driven model. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the efficiency of public R&D investment. Hence, many studies on the efficiency of R&D investment have been researched. This study estimated the efficiency of governmental R&D programs considering the technological outcomes, e.g. theses, patents and so on, using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) with data of S&T investment and outcomes from NTIS(National S&D Information Service). In addition, we used the Mann-Whitney Test to investigate the characteristics of governmental R&D investment.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2019

지속가능한 개발이 주목받고 남북 평화의 시대를 맞이하여 임업분야와 농업 축산분야가 결합된 혼농임업(Agroforestry)이 주목받고 있다. 혼농임업(Agroforestry)은 식량, 과실, 풀사료, 땔감, 목재 등을 생산하고 토양보전을 실천하여 지속농업을 가능케 하는 복합영농의 한 형태이며, 북한 산지의 경우 황폐화된 산지가 많아 경제성과 산림녹화를 동시에 해결할 수 있어 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 강원도 하늘목장을 시범목장으로 선정하여 조사를 실시하였고, 연구조사지의 총 면적은 2.4ha로 백두대간과 오대산국립공원이 인접한 지역으로 다양한 식물상을 파악할 수 있는 지역이다. 그러므로 외래종침입에 따른 생태적 교란을 방지하기 위하여 완충지대를 설정하고 식물상 조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 조사지내의 대표 수종으로 선정된 모수만 남기고 벌채를 실시하여 변화양상을 모니터링 하였다. 2014년~2017년 총 3개년 계절별 조사를 통해 임간초지의 식물상 정보를 파악하였고 임간초지의 관속식물상을 조사한 결과 92과 250속 323종 4아종 43변종 6품종으로 총 376분류군이 조사되었다. 자원식물의 유용도 분석한 결과 식용자원(E)이 160분류군으로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하고 있었으며, 약용(M) 141분류군, 관상용(O) 45분류군으로 나타났으며, 용도미상(U) 식물도 73분류군이 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 연구 대상지역의 특성을 고려하여 조성된 초지 내에서 조사료로 사용할 수 있는 식물 종을 파악하였다. 나아가 미비한 임간초지 식생의 DB를 구축하고, 지속가능한 녹색성장을 모색하여야 할 것이다.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.131-153
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• 2016

This research suggests a structural model of green purchase behavior, focusing on the moderating effect of affordability. Affordability means buying power or ability to buy products. Based on the literature review, a research model of behavior of buying green products was proposed and tested empirically using the field study. To examine the proposed research model, the reliability and validity verifications on measurement items were carried out and then the structural equation model analysis was applied to test the model. Lastly, to test the moderating effect of affordability, a two-group model(using Amos program) was used subsequently so that it could be determined whether or not there was any significant difference in structural parameters between the high affordability group and the low affordability group. The empirical results are as follow: Firstly, green purchase attitude is influenced by ecological concern and collectivism, then green purchase attitude has an impact on green purchase intention, and in turn, green purchase intention affects green purchase behavior. Secondly, affordability significantly moderates the relationship between green purchase intention and green purchase behavior. These results are consistent with the past researches and based on them, some managerial implications are given.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.2575-2583
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• 1998

The productionof the highly relible softwae systems and theirs performance evaluation hae become important interests in the software industry. The software evaluation has been mainly carried out in ternns of both reliability and performance of software system. Software reliability is the probability that no software error occurs for a fixed time interval during software testing phase. These theoretical software reliability models are sometimes unsuitable for the practical testing phase in which a software error at a certain testing stage occurs by causes of the imperfect debugging, abnornal software correction, and so on. Such a certatin software testing stage needs to be considered as an outlying stage. And we can assume that the software reliability does not improve by means of muisance factor in this outlying testing stage. In this paper, we discuss Bavesian software reliability growth modeling and estimation procedure in the presence of an imidentitied outlying software testing stage by the modification of Jehnski Moranda. Also we derive the Bayes estimaters of the software reliability panmeters by the assumption of prior information under the squared error los function. In addition, we evaluate the proposed software reliability growth model with an unidentified outlying stage in an exchangeable model according to the values of nuisance paramether using the accuracy, bias, trend, noise metries as the quantilative evaluation criteria through the compater simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.233-238
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• 2020

Although the interest in NBR has been increasing due to the recent developments of the aerospace sector, there are few reports on HNBR's aeronautical oil, particularly evaluations of the accelerated life of harsh factors. In this study, the tensile strength was adopted as a performance evaluation factor to evaluate the accelerated life of HNBR used in the aviation field. The accelerated stress factor affecting the performance-aging characteristics was defined as temperature. The acceleration stress factor was determined to be temperature, and the result of measuring the tensile strength change over time. The sample for the acceleration condition was taken out of the oven for a certain period and left at room temperature for 24 hours. The dumbbell type 3 specimens were manufactured according to the standard specified in KS M 6518 and were measured the tensile strength, a factor in accelerated life evaluations. The activation energy was 0.895, and the shape parameter was 1.152 using the Arrhenius model. The characteristic life obtained from the tensile strength of the HNBR specimen immersed in aviation oil at 20℃ was 272,256 hours; the average life was 258,965 hours, and the B10 life was 38,624 hours.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 2016

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are essential systems for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations in current battlespace. And its importance will be getting extended because of complexity and uncertainty of battlespace. In this study, we forecast the advancement of 96 UAVs during the period of 32 years from 1982 to 2014 using TFDEA. TFDEA is a quantitative technology forecasting method which is characterized as non-parametric and non-statistical mathematical programming. Inman et al. (2006) showed that TFDEA is more accurate in forecasting compared with classical econometrics (e.g. regression). This study got 4.06% point of annual technological rate of change (RoC) for UAVs by applying TFDEA. And most UAVs in the period are inefficient according to the global SOA frontiers. That is because the countries which develop UAVs are in the middle class of technological level, so more than 60% of world UAVs markets are shared by North America and Europe which are advanced countries in terms of technological maturity level. This study could give some insights for UAVs development and its advancement. And also can be used for evaluating the adequacy of Required Operational Capability (ROC) of suggested future systems and managing the progress of Research and Development (R&D).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2012

Abnormal gastric emptying time of dog by alien substance, neoplasm, pyloric antrum hyperplasia, stomach surgery, electrolyte imbalance, stomach-dilated torsion is clinically important as a digestive disease. Therefore study aims to provide basic data on the clinical usefulness of gastric emptying time test which uses radiopaque Kolomark developed in Korea rather than using the existing BIPS for the dog. 9 beagles were used for this experiment and their average weight was about 10.3kg with 2.5 year-old average age. For the test, fast for 12 hours was made without chemical sedation, and just before the test, 1 capsule of Kolomark was fed with 25% of daily feed amount, and we took photographs at ventrodorsal and right lateral position after 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. As for interested reading area, we observed entire stomach from cardia to stomach pyloric part, and as for analysis method, we counted Kolomarks remained in the stomach per time and judged only P value below 0.05 to be meaningful by using Friedman Test. After feeding Kolomark through oral cavity, it took average 7.55 hours for the Kolomark to have escaped from the stomach to small intestine. In this study of gastrointestinal tract passing time after feeding matured dog, we used Kolomark and expect that it could be a basic data for normal gastrokinetic time.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.917-929
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• 2017

Korean income data obtained from Korea Labor Panel Survey shows excessive zeros, which may not be properly explained by the Tobit model. In this paper, we analyze the data using a zero-inflated Tobit model to incorporate excessive zeros. A zero-inflated Tobit model consists of two stages. In the first stage, individuals with 0 income are divided into two groups: genuine zero group and random zero group. Individuals in the genuine zero group did not participate labor market since they have no intention to do so. Individuals in the random zero group participated labor market but their incomes are very low and truncated at 0. In the second stage, the Tobit model is assumed to a subset of data combining random zeros and positive observations. Regression models are employed in both stages to obtain the effect of explanatory variables on the participation of labor market and the income amount. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are applied for the Bayesian analysis of the data. The proposed zero-inflated Tobit model outperforms the Tobit model in model fit and prediction of zero frequency. The analysis results show strong evidence that the probability of participating in the labor market increases with age, decreases with education, and women tend to have stronger intentions on participating in the labor market than men. There also exists moderate evidence that the probability of participating in the labor market decreases with socio-economic status and reserved wage. However, the amount of monthly wage increases with age and education, and it is larger for married than unmarried and for men than women.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors affecting survival time by estimating survival rate and survival time using non-financial information of social enterprises using credit guarantee in credit guarantee institutions, and provide information to stakeholders to improve survival rate and employ to contribute to maintaining and expanding the As a research method, survival analysis was performed using a non-parametric analysis method, Kaplan-Meier Analysis. As a sample, 621 companies (577 normal companies, 44 insolvent companies) established between 2009 and 2018 were selected as the target companies. As a result of examining the factors affecting survival time by classifying social enterprise representative information and corporate information, representative credit rating, representative home ownership, credit transaction period, and corporate credit rating were derived as significant variables affecting survival time. In the future, financial institutions will be able to induce corporate soundness by reflecting factors that affect survival when examining loans for social enterprises, contributing to job retention and reduction of social costs. Supporting organizations such as the government and private organizations will be able to use it in various ways, such as policy establishment and education and training for the growth and sustainability of social enterprises. With this study as an opportunity, I hope that research will continue with more interest in the factors influencing social enterprise performance as well as corporate insolvency.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess how effective the permeability ratio and relative cerebral blood volume ratio are to tumor through perfusion MRI by measuring and reflecting the grade assessment and differential diagnosis and the permeability and relative cerebral blood volume of contrast media plunged from blood vessel into organ due to breakdown of blood-brain barrier in cerebral. Subject and Method : Subject of study was 29 patients whose diagnosis were confirmed by biopsy after surgery and 550 (11 slice$\times$50 image) perfusion MRI were used to make image of relative cerebral blood volume with the program furnished on instrument. The other method was to transmit to private computer and the image analysis was made additionally by making image of relative cerebral blood volume-reformulated singular value decomposition, rCBV-rSVD and permeability using IDL.6.2. In addition, Kruskal-wallis test tonggyein non numerical average by a comparative analysis of brain tumors Results : The rCBV ratio (Functool PF; GE Medical Systems and IDL 6.2 program by analysis) and permeability ratio of tumors were as follows; high grade glioma(n=4), (14.75, 19.25) 13.13. low grade astrocytoma(n=5) (14.80, 15.90) 11.60, glioblastoma(n=5) (10.90, 18.60), 22.00, metastasis(n=6) (11.00, 15.08). 22.33. meningioma(n=6) (18.58, 7.67), 5.58. oliogodendroglioma(n=3) (23.33, 16.33, 15.67. Conclusion : It was not easy to classify the grade with the relative cerebral blood volume ratio measured by using the relative cerebral blood image by type of tumors, however, permeability ratio measured by permeability image revealed that the higher the grade of tumor, the higher the measured permeability ratio, showing the assessment of tumor grade is more effective to differential diagnosis.