• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.215-238
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• 2018

Tariff reduction from FTAs are applied to imported goods, but not to traveler's goods. There are difficulties in meeting the FTA's conditions for free tariff application, such as origin of goods and direct transportation. This study suggests the optimal cut-off level of a simple tax rate applied to traveler's goods with respect to traveler' welfare and government tax revenue. Among three different scenarios of simple tax reductions by ordering its weighted magnitude of effects, the optimal tariff was found to be 2% applied to all goods. The effects of a 2% reduction of simple tax rate would increase traveler' welfare by 16.8 billion won and reduce tax revenue by only 0.34 billion won.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.19
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• pp.161-163
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• 2004

2004년, 말 많았던 인쇄용지 무관세 시대가 드디어 도래했다. 그러나 엄밀히 말하자면, 이미 1996년부터 단계적으로 관세가 인하돼 왔고, 2003년에 부과된 관세율도 2.5%에 불과했기 때문에 실질적으로 올해의 관세하락 효과는 2.5%라고 할 수 있다. 이런 이유에서 용지무관세 시대의 도래가 제지업계에 큰 파장을 줄 것이라고는 예상되지 않지만 업계 경쟁을 부추기는 새로운 단초로 작용할 것이라는 점도 부인할 수 없는 사실이다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.75-109
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• 2007

This paper empirically investigates the effects of import tariff on within-plant productivity growth in Korean manufacturing, using the detailed plant-level longitudinal data of the Korea Census of Manufacturers for the period of 1993-2003. Our main findings are as follows: First, the productivity changes of Korean manufacturing for the period under analysis were mostly induced by within-plant productivity gains, rather than within-industry and/or between-industry resource reallocations. Second, after controlling for firm-specific heterogeneity, the estimation results indicate that lowering tariff-barriers has a positive impact on within-plant TFP growth. We interpret the results in a way that trade liberalization through the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers heightens the competitive pressure, which in turn creates incentives to reduce production and managerial inefficiency and to invest more on innovative activities. Third, we also find that plant productivity growth from reducing tariff barriers is particularly conspicuous within a year after tariff changes, which implies that plants are quickly adjusting to heightened import competition. On the other hand, our results show that the trade effect on employment creation proceeds relatively slow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2000

인터넷 기술의 급속한 발전과 이를 기반으로 확산되고 있는 인터넷 경제활동은 기존 산업부문 전 범위에 걸쳐 이루어지고 있으며, 인터넷을 통한 전자상거래는 이미 폭발적으로 팽창하고 있다. 또한, 일부의 역기능에 대한 우려에도 불구하고 향후 세계경제의 흐름이 전자상거래를 중심으로 이루어질 것이라는 인식이 공유되고 있다. 이러한 전자상거래는 기존의 거래관계를 대체하며 관련 산업에 여러 측면에서 막대한 파급효과를 발생시키고 있다. 국경이 없는 인터넷 전자상거래의 경우 국제거래 활성화로 인하여 기존의 수출입부문에 있어서 급변이 예상되고 있으며, 전자상거래에 대한 접근성이 높아짐에 따라 관련 산업의 새로운 시장수요 창출은 물론이고 기존의 시장수요를 촉진하는 측면에서도 시장에 대한 영향력은 지대해지고 있음을 부인할 수 없다. 그러나, 이러한 막대한 영향력에도 불구하고, 소프트웨어를 다운로드받거나 영상자료 등을 검색할 때에 조세는 누가, 어떻게 납부해야 하는지, 관세는 어떻게 부과하고 징수할 것인가 둥둥 전자상거래는 해결해야 될 많은 문제가 산적해 있는 것도 사실이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 EC와 관련한 조세문제에 대한 국제적 주요 논의 동향을 살펴보고, 특히 EC의 관세부문에 논의 초점을 맞추어 EC에 의한 관세인하 및 무관세화가 각국의 경제에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가를 간단한 게임과 소국경제를 가정한 부분균형분석모형을 이용하여 고찰해 보고자 한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.365-383
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• 2013

This article stands at the junction of two usually separate fields of study: the politics of International Commerce and Consumer welfare. Conception of welfare state and Welfare society is different depending of the scholars in each country. This paper examines the consumer welfare level of import products in FTA countries. The results shows that FTA country products reaches the same welfare level in sexually, age and job. This paper contributes to this issue by considering consumers that incur consumer welfare level with import products costs.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.265-275
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• 2003

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.7 s.237
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

이 자료는 재정경제부의 2003. 6. 30일자 보도자료에서 발췌, 편집한 것임.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.623-637
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• 1999

This study firstly aims to review the discussions among major nations and international organizations on removal of tariff wall in EC. Secondly, it is analyzed how the trend of tariff reduction of removal will affect an individual economy in a partial balance analysis model on an assumed small-size economy. In closing, political implication for removal of tariffs in EC will be presented. The study concluded that tariff removal on Internet EC has both positive and negative effects on the importing economy. It can improve the efficiency in utilization of economic resources by the importing economy in the long term while cut the financial revenue and aggravate the trade balance of importing country. It is inferred from such a conclusion that tariff removal can lead to trade imbalance between the Information haves and the have-nots.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-54
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• 1992

Recent studies on the economic effects of trade liberalization and economic integration have emphasized the significant gains associated with product differentiation and scale economies. Securing access to markets in other countries will make it possible to increase product variety and capture scale economies, thus, expanding the gains from trade. Liberalization is also expected to introduce foreign competition into the previously closed market. Concurrently, the liberalization will improve the competitive market environment for firms selling in the domestic market. Firms will be pressed to either exit or reduce cost. The output per firm, then, will increase due to the exit of rival firms, and the average total cost will decline due to the economies of scale. 'Rationalization' of the production process will eventually follow. This paper addresses the economic effects of (counterfactual) bilateral tariff elimination between Korea and Japan. It computationally assesses the gains from liberalization as well as the resource allocations and welfare effects associated with the tariff reduction. The endogenous determination of the key parameters distinguishes this paper from others. The firm's perceived elasticity of demand and elasticity of substitution in the present model are calibrated to be consistent with the base year data. Korea, Japan, and the rest of the world are modeled explicitly. The sectoral coverage of the model includes twenty-three tradable product categories based on three-digit SITC industries and seven nontradable categories based on one-digit SITC industries. Product categories are also classified into perfectly competitive and imperfectly competitive ones. In the imperfectly competitive industries, product differentiation exists at the firm level, while the perfectly competitive industries are characterized by national product differentiation. The simulation results of bilateral tariff reduction are reported. Tariff elimination tends to increase intra-industry trade flows so that the total amount of exports and imports of both countries expand. Yet, Japan is expected to increase the bilateral trade surplus in the wake of the mutual tariff reduction. Terms-of-trade for Korea will not change, while for Japan it will deteriorate. Equivalent variations reflecting the change in consumer surplus (welfare) will favor Korean consumers. Total output, however, will not change substantially, recording 0.5 and 0.6% for Japan and Korea, respectively. An interesting finding in the analysis is that the gains from increased competition and scale efficiency are not as prevailing as expected in theory.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-51
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• 2016

This study analyzed the expected economic effects of the Korea-GCC FTA and sought strategies for industrial cooperation. To see the economic effects of Korea-GCC FTA, we analysed the effect of the oil tariff reduction of economy by Vector Autoregression(VAR) model. The estimation results shows that following the abolishment of the tariff on crude oil imports, GDP, GNI and consumption are expected to grow by 0.212%, 0.389% and 0.238%, respectively. Meanwhile, investment, export and import are estimated to drop by 0.462%, 0.413% and 0.342%, respectively. As for prices, producer prices are to rise by 6.356%p, whereas consumer prices fall by 2.996%p. In short, the Korea-GCC FTA and resultant abolishment of the tariff on crude oil imports followed by the decline in crude oil prices will result in declining prices whilst macroeconomic indices, such as GDP, GNI and consumption, will increase exerting positive effects on domestic economic growth. Also, it is necessary to proactively respond to GCC member states' industrial diversification policies for FTA-based industrial cooperation to diversify the sources of crude oil and natural gas imports for further resource risk management.