• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.471-480
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• 2023

The Korean construction order volume in South Korea grew significantly from 91.3 trillion won in public orders in 2013 to a total of 212 trillion won in 2021, particularly in the private sector. As the size of the domestic and overseas markets grew, the scale and complexity of EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) projects increased, and risk management of project management and ITB (Invitation to Bid) documents became a critical issue. The time granted to actual construction companies in the bidding process following the EPC project award is not only limited, but also extremely challenging to review all the risk terms in the ITB document due to manpower and cost issues. Previous research attempted to categorize the risk terms in EPC contract documents and detect them based on AI, but there were limitations to practical use due to problems related to data, such as the limit of labeled data utilization and class imbalance. Therefore, this study aims to develop an AI model that can categorize the contract terms based on the FIDIC Yellow 2017(Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils Contract terms) standard in detail, rather than defining and classifying risk terms like previous research. A multi-text classification function is necessary because the contract terms that need to be reviewed in detail may vary depending on the scale and type of the project. To enhance the performance of the multi-text classification model, we developed the ELECTRA PLM (Pre-trained Language Model) capable of efficiently learning the context of text data from the pre-training stage, and conducted a four-step experiment to validate the performance of the model. As a result, the ensemble version of the self-developed ITB-ELECTRA model and Legal-BERT achieved the best performance with a weighted average F1-Score of 76% in the classification of 57 contract terms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1594-1606
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine safety accidents related to school foodservice, working and operating environments of school foodservice, status and awareness of safety education, educational needs, and information on qualitative improvement of school foodservice. The subjects in this study were 234 cooks in charge of cooking at elementary and secondary schools in Chungbuk. A survey was conducted from July 30 to August 8, 2012, and among 202 questionnaires gathered, 194 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on data utilizing the SPSS version 19.0. The main results of this study were as follows: 44.3% of workers experienced safety accidents. The most frequent safety accident was 'once' (60.5%), and most safety accidents took place between June and August (31.4%). The time at which most safety accidents happened was between 8 and 11 am. Most safety accidents happened during cooking (52.3%) and while using a soup pot or frying pot (52.4%). The most common accidents were 'burns', 'wrist and arm pain', and 'slips and falls'. Respondents who experienced safety accidents replied that 57.6% of employees dealt with injuries at their own expense, and only 35.3% utilized industrial accident insurance. In terms of the operating environment, the score for 'offering information and application' was highest (3.76 points), whereas that for 'security of budget' was lowest (1.77 points). As for accident education, employees received safety education approximately 3.45 times and 5.10 hours per year. Improving the working environment of school foodservice cooks requires administrative and financial support. Furthermore, educational materials and guidelines based on the working environment and safety accident status of school foodservice cooks are required in order to minimize potential risk factors and control safety accidents in school foodservice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2001

A serious of studies on the fishing gear and system of the East Sea trawl fishery was carried out to improve the fishing efficiency and the working conditions. As the first step of these studies, the fishing gear and system of the traditional East Sea trawl were checked in order to solve the some problems, such as the poor sheering efficiency of net mouth, the inconvenient fishing system of the side trawl and etc. And then the fishing system was reorganized from the side trawl into the stern trawl by setting up the net drum system on the stern deck, and introduction of two types of new designed nets, one for mainly the midwater trawl and the other for the bottom trawl. The results of the field experiment on the modified system and nets can be summarized as follows : 1. the modified system was well worked and could save the man-labour by about 80%. 2. The sheering efficiency of the improved net, A type was improved to 20 m height and 30 m width in the net mouth, and that of B type net, to 10 m height and 33 m width, compared with 1.5 m height and 15 m width in the traditional net. 3. Catch efficiency of pink shrimp in A or B type net was better about 3 or 5 times than that of traditional net, and in B net, for herring and other bottom fishes is better about 2 times than that of the traditional net.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.507-517
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• 2016

Social obligation of a nation must be assigned to the people, legally belong to the nation. The Republic of Korea assigns a social obligation to the Koreans, the Military Service which is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and the Military Service Law of Korea. However, behind the law, a serious discussion, the rationality and equity, is possibly discovered from the reality of the military service system against athletes of Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the military service system against athletes of Korea based on the Constitution of Republic of Korea and the Military Service Law of Korea. Three proposals, prohibit duplicated benefits of athletes, military service evasion after care system and keeping the military and police sport organization as nonprofessional, to recover the institutional problems regarding the equity and rationality were suggested in the end of this research. With the results, this research hopefully contribute to the development of sport law, fundamental obligation with sports and the military service system on athletes in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2011

This study was designed to identify a subjective symptom level by Indoor air according to ventilation system in Dental Clinic. The number of respondents was 582 who work in dental clinic and period of investigation was October 2010 through January 2011. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the level of participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, work place condition, a subjective symptom. Most of respondents were answered that time for symptom to begin was at around 2 P.M. and time for symptom to feel serve pain was at around 3 P.M. and ventilation frequency per a day was often in case of individual cooling and heating system. More often natural ventilation and in case of individual cooling and heating system, the level of subject symptom was low and multiple regression analysis has found that indoor air quality related elements were main factors that influence to the feeling of satisfaction in work place. The results of this study suggest that more often natural ventilation was very important to reduce the level of subjective symptom. Thus, a management program for indoor air quality is strongly recommended by natural ventilation, maintenance man for promotion of quality of life in dental hygienist and to improve dental service and competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2014

Following the technology developments of traffic network and communication for the wide area, the importance of the cooperation system to vitalize the wide area economy is increasing. Therefore, in this study, DongNam Kwon industry information system is established for the industrial information sharing based on GIS in the DongNam Kwon wide area economy. The DongNam Kwon is an industrial integration area centered with the manufacturing so that the operation of effective industrial cluster and cooperation systems are required across the administrational boundaries. To establish the database of the information, the information system was established utilizing already established industrial databases in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam. But, various issues caused by the discordances among the data of each local government and the insufficiency of GIS based location information have been found. According to the analysis, the standardization considering the courses of collection, distributions and utilization are required immediately to solve the issues. This study establishes an 2-way industrial information system enabling the information creation and the phased approach between the administrator and the user in the bi-directions on the web by utilizing cadastral and numerical maps. The result of this study would have a meaning in providing a fundamental frame for cooperative responses and cooperation system for DongNam Kwon's industrial promotion using industrial information sharing.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

This paper presents a web-based Java applet for understanding the concepts in digital logic circuits and student satisfaction survey was carried out in order to show its educational validity. Through our educational Java applet, the learners will be capable of learning the concepts and principles related to digital logic circuit experiments and how to operate virtual experimental equipments and virtual bread board. The proposed educational Java applet is composed of five important components: Principle Classroom to explain the concepts and principles for digital logic circuit operations, Simulation Classroom to provide a web-based simulator to the learners, Virtual Experiment Classroom to provide interactive Java applet about the syllabus of off-line laboratory class, Assessment Classroom, and Management System. With the aid of the Management System every classroom is organically tied together collaborating to achieve maximum learning efficiency. Finally, we have obtained several affirmative effects such as high learning standard, reducing the total experimental hours and the damage rate for experimental equipments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

After entering a more stable growth phase since the 2000s, new urban development has become smaller and fragmented and interiors of existing cities are aging and becoming underutilized. Therefore, using vacant and underutilized land in urban area has high value in national urban policies in terms of compact urban development and circular land use management. To do so, it is necessary to develop scientific research methods and tools to better understand the characteristics and potential of vacant and underutilized land. The main goals of the study are as follows. First, this research aims to develop a pilot system for analysis and assessment of abandoned, vacant, and underutilized space. The pilot system will act as a scientific policy support measure to systematically identify vacant and underutilized space. Busan Metropolitan City, with a variety of vacant and underutilized space, was selected as the case study area. The second goal is to develop a planning support system for abandoned, vacant and underutilized Land using open source GIS software, uDig. GIS based decision support systems or planning support systems to resolve spatial problem is not a new innovation, but using open source GIS provides new opportunities and potential. To conclude, the research will derive implications for future work.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

In order to estimate a dynamic origin and destination demand between on and off-ramps in the freeways, a traffic flow theory can be used to calculate a link distribution proportion of traffics moving between them. We have developed a dynamic traffic estimation model based on the three-phase traffic theory (Kerner, 2004), which explains the complexity of traffic phenomena based on phase transitions among free-flow, synchronized flow and moving jam phases, and on their complex nonlinear spatiotemporal features. The developed model explains and estimates traffic congestion in terms of speed breakdown, phase transition and queue propagation. We have estimated the link, on and off-ramp volumes at every time interval by using traffic data collected from vehicle detection systems in Korea freeway sections. The analyzed results show that the developed model describes traffic flows adequately.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

This paper presents a web-based virtual educational system for Java language, which consists of a management system named Java Web Player (JWP) and creative multimedia contents for the lectures of Java language. The JWP is a Java application program free from security problems by the Java Web Start technologies that supports an integrated learning environment including three important learning procedures: Java concept learning process, programming practice process and assessment process. On-line voice presentation and its related texts together with moving images are synchronized for efficiently conveying creative contents to learners. Furthermore, a simple and useful compiler is included in the JWP for providing user-friendly language practice environment enabling such as coding, editing, executing, and debugging Java source files on the Web. Finally, simple multiple choices are given suddenly to the learners while they are studying through the JWP and the test results are displayed on the message box. In order to show the validity of the proposed virtual educational system we analysed and assessed the learners' academic performance on the five quizzes for one semester.