• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2023

In this study, we analyzed how to steal the target model without training data. Input data is generated using the generative model, and a similar model is created by defining a loss function so that the predicted values of the target model and the similar model are close to each other. At this time, the target model has a process of learning so that the similar model is similar to it by gradient descent using the logit (logic) value of each class for the input data. The tensorflow machine learning library was used as an experimental environment, and CIFAR10 and SVHN were used as datasets. A similar model was created using the ResNet model as a target model. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the model stealing method generated a similar model with an accuracy of 86.18% for CIFAR10 and 96.02% for SVHN, producing similar predicted values to the target model. In addition, considerations on the model stealing method, military use, and limitations were also analyzed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2013

The Pacific Island Forum that consists of 14 island countries in the South Pacific has long been the focus of keen attention from East Asian countries such as South Korea, Japan and China. The South Pacific area was controlled by Japan right after the First World War. The League of Nations bestowed the right of trusteeship over the region to Japan, one of the victors in the war. However, the U.S. considered the area indispensible for its security interests in the Pacific after victory in the Second World War. With the end of Cold War period, the region again began to gain the competitive attention of Japan, China and Korea. Japan has made efforts to give economic assistance to this region by holding the Japan-Pacific Islands summit every three years. In addition, Japan is promoting a security engagement with this region by dispatching Self Defense Forces with the aim of initiating construction and development projects. In response to Japan's active involvement in the region, China also began to convene a summit meeting with these countries in 2006, making pledges of economic assistance. Furthermore, Chinese civilian companies struck deals of investment with municipal institutions in the region with a view to enhancing China's influence in the region. Japan's and China's active engagement in the region has galvanized South Korea to craft a more effective strategic approach to the region.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1998

본 고에서는 전자상거래에서의 지불 방법과 전자상거래에서 사용되는 거래정보의 보안기법에 대해 살펴보았다. 전자지불의 유형으로는 전자 대금 이체, 디지털 캐시 및 이의 현실적인 형태인 E-cash등이 있다. 이러한 거래 방법과 더불어 전자상거래 시스템의 보안은 비즈니스 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 이를 보장하기 위해 non-SET 기반으로 대칭적 암호화 기법, 비대칭적 암호화 기법 및 SET을 이용한 암호화 거래 방법을 살펴보았다. 전자상거래 시스템의 구성요소는 구매자, 판매자 및 중개인으로 이루어진다[8]. 전자상거래의 보안에 관한 요소는 다른 학문적인 요소와는 달리 그 실용적인 성격과 파급효과로 인하여 세계 각국의 정부 기관이나 연구소에서 주도권 쟁탈을 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이러한 전자상거래의 요소는 전자상거래의 기술을 연구하고 제시하는 쪽 보다는 현실적인 필요성에 의해 금융기관이나 판매자들에 의해 주도적으로 개발되는 경우가 많다. 컴퓨터와 네트워크의 급속한 발전 속도와 영역의 확장은 앞으로의 전자상거래가 국가나 사회에 어떤 영향을 미칠지를 예측하기 어렵게 한다. 다시 말하면 앞으로 전자상거래가 사회, 경제적 또는 외교적으로 미칠 영향은 매우 크리라 예상된다. 이러한 전자상거래 분야에서 주도권을 유지하기 위해서는 이와 관련된 정부부처, 연구소, 각급 기관 및 업체들이 서로 협력하고 조율하여 국제적인 표준과 보조를 맞추고, 국내 기술과의 접목을 가능하도록 협조와 자원이 필요하다. 전자상거래 관련 보안 및 지불 기술의 확보는 국가 경쟁력 확보 및 차세대 거래 수단으로서의 전자상거래 시장에서 기회를 확보할 수 있는 초석이 될 것이다.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2024

This paper deals with the topic of quantification of soft power through emotional analysis. Sentiment analysis refers to the process of detecting and analyzing emotions or emotions in various data such as text, voice, and images. Therefore, in this paper, we explored the methodology and significance of how soft power can be quantified through emotional analysis. Soft power refers to the ability of a country or organization to influence the behavior of another country or organization in a desired direction. It is built by soft factors such as culture, values, and political system rather than military or economic means. Additionally, sentiment analysis is being used as a useful tool to measure and understand these soft areas.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2023

Korean ginseng, a special product of Korea, has been one of the most important exports since the era of the Three Kingdoms. However, not many records were kept about ginseng in Korea until the Goryeo Dynasty. This paper summarizes the records relating to international diplomatic relations and trade of ginseng in the Goryeo Dynasty and the medicinal books known to have been published at the time. During the Goryeo Dynasty, ginseng was actively transported to the neighboring countries of Bohai, Song, Wa, Later Jin, and Yuan as a diplomatic gift or as a trade item. Ginseng was mainly exported from Goryeo to these countries, but it was also received as a diplomatic gift from Bohai and Khitan. Arabian merchants came to Byeokran Port, a representative international trading port of Goryeo, and traded ginseng. After the Mongol invasion, the demand for ginseng in the Yuan Dynasty was excessive, which became a big social problem. During the Goryeo Dynasty, several medicinal books were published, including Jejungiphyobang, Eouuichwalyobang, Hyangyakgobang, Samhwajahyangyakbang, Hyangyak Hyemin Gyeongheombang, Hyangyak Gugeupbang, and Biyebaekyobang. Hyangyak Gugeupbang, which was reprinted during the Joseon Dynasty, has been handed down to the present time, although this has not been the case for the originals of the remaining books. Recently, some of the latter books have been restored through the study of the references in various medicinal books of later generations. While the medicinal books used in the royal court showed that a high proportion of the prescriptions containing ginseng, not a single prescription for ginseng has been found in theHyangyak Gugeupbang, which was mainly used for commoners. This is thought to be because ginseng was very rare and expensive at the time, so it was difficult for commoners to access it.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.693-705
• /
• 2012

It is increasing the necessity of technology cooperation between nations, in the world, more and more. The international cooperation for the technology development have the dissipating effect of costs and risks and encourage efficient use of the knowledge and eventually help the firms better access overseas market easily. The S&T diplomacy of Korea is, at present, on international S&T cooperation to secure technologies to strengthen base of science, technology and innovation. This tendency is closely related with the governance issue in international S&T cooperation. And This international S&T cooperation is connected with the internationalization of firms. But it is getting more difficult for a firm, especially smaller firm like Korean SME to sustain the technological advantage over any significant period. The small and medium sized enterprises as Korean SME, internationalization of R&D is difficult just to think in terms of one framework with the limited accumulation of informations and experiences. So against that situation, this paper shows a new concept 'SME co-ordinator' as the role client(or player) reinforcing international S&T cooperation, sustaining the technological advantage for Korean SME. And 'SME co-ordinator' leads Korean SME to progress 'open innovation' not 'close innovation' as well as serving adequate information about appropriate partners and capable employer to help manage the international S&T cooperation for Internationalization of Industrial R&D for Korean SME.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2019

In the era of the 3rd Offset Strategy led by the 4th Industrial Revolution, the use of robots with AI and autonomous abilities is becoming more active in military field. The 3rd Offset Strategy is based on the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and S. Korea is heavily dependent on US military technology and is directly and indirectly influenced by the military revolutionary strategy and the alliance relationship. There are many issues that need to be addressed beyond technical maturity for both strategies to be successfully applied in the military. However, there are few discussions about these limitations in many studies and media reports in comparison with the advantages of the techniques. This research describes robot ethics & technology unbalance, problems of autonomous functions, display fatigue induced by VR/AR/MR, cyber/network security to be solved for successful strategies, also the solutions are addressed.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2018

The purposes of this paper are to research the military utilization of weather modification techniques and to induce their research priority when considering the Korean Peninsular environment and technical level. To achieve these goals, the advantages and disadvantages of weather modification technologies have been discussed, and the evaluation index evaluation was derived through the Delphi method, and the weight of the evaluation index and the final research priority were induced through analytic hierarchical process. Analysis shows that the ionospheric modulation technology has the highest priority in terms of effectiveness as a weapon system and compatibility in the Korean Peninsula environment. It is expected that Korean ionosphere modification can disturb C4ISR function of the enemy and guarantee ours reliably when operating PGM, military satellite, surveillance & reconnaissance equipments, etc. Other weather modification technologies except for ionosphere modification should be developed gradually in that potential threat can be expanded to neighboring countries after the Unification of the Korea.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2020

Due to the coronavirus pandemic and diplomatic disputes, governments are actively developing a policy to revitalize·reshore manufacturing and to diversify international cooperations. In order to develop such a policy, it is very important to compare and analyze domestic·international geospatial information. Over the decade, the US·EC governments have conducted a series of national researches to build data-based tools that can monitor·analyze regional geospatial information driven by government R&D investments. In the case of the EC system, it can compare geospatial information in domestic and international(including Korea) regions. Compared to US·EC cases, Korean examples of national researches with available data analplatform need future improvements. Current study is investigating an automated analysis methodologies using "National Institute of Science and Technology Information (NTIS)" DB, which was national security data until recently. Research on data-mining regional geospatial information can contribute to support policy fields that need to discover new issues in response to unexpected social problems such as recently faced corona and trade disputes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.13-32
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the association among the subject areas of big data research papers. The subject group of the units of analysis was extracted by applying co-citation networks, and the rules of association were analyzed using Apriori algorithm of R program, and visualized using the arulesViz package of R program. As a result of the study, 22 subject areas were extracted and these subjects were divided into three clusters. As a result of analyzing the association type of the subject, it was classified into 'professional type', 'general type', 'expanded type' depending on the complexity of association. The professional type included library and information science and journalism. The general type included politics & diplomacy, trade, and tourism. The expanded types included other humanities, general social sciences, and general tourism. This association networks show a tendency to cite other subject areas that are relevant when citing a subject field, and the library should consider services that use the association for academic information services.