• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.6
• /
• pp.836-842
• /
• 2010

Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai has been reported to liver function improvement effect as functional materials for food and medicine. On these facts, biological activity and safety test were conducted to evaluate biological activities of the fruit petiole and root extracts of H. dulcis as a potential cosmeceutical ingredient. Cosmeceutica activities of different extracts were examined by l.l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical generation, the ABTS+ cation decolorization, tyrosinase activity, collagenase activity and elastase activity compared with the properties of the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and L-ascorbic acid (AA). The antioxidant activities HDFW, HDFE, HDRW and HDRE were 83.6%, 39.6%, 85.9% and 74.5% in DPPH assay, 99.5%, 13.7%, 96.4% and 88.6% in ABTS assay. Tyrosinase inhibitiory activities HDFW were 56.0% at 1,000 ppm. Measured the inhibition effect of the H. dulcis about collagenase and elastase where break the peptide bonds in collagen and enzyme from the class of proteases where exists in the dermis. The H. dulcis was inhibition the two kind enzymesm, collagenase activities being on a high scale inhibition, was same concentration. Uses the anti oxidation effect and a anti-wrinkle effect of this resultant H. dulcis and with the functional cosmetics use is thought with the fact that will be possible.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2010

Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring member of the iosothiocyanate family, which reveals chemopreventive capacities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and inhibition of MMP-9 activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Sulforaphane strikingly suppressed the LPS-induced MMP-9 activity and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sulforaphane inhibited not only the LPS-induced MMP-9 promoter activity but also LPS-mediated activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-${\kappa}B$) promoter activity. Transient transfection by MMP-9 constructs, in which specific transcriptional factors were mutagenized, indicated that the effects of LPS and sulforaphane were mediated via AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ response elements. We found that sulforaphane had the ability to suppress LPS-induced invasion in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrated that sulforaphane effectively suppressed LPS-induced MMP-9 expression via modulation of promoter elements (AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$) in MMP-9 transcriptional activation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1478-1483
• /
• 2009

A solid-state culture based on grain materials was attempted to produce a fibrinolytic enzyme for blood circulation improvement using Bacillus subtilis BK-17. The spore, rather than vegetative cell inoculation, of B. subtilis BK-17 on the solid-state culture was effective in the production of a fibrinolytic enzyme. Maximum spore production was obtained with a SFM medium (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.05% yeast extract, $10^{-1}$ M $MgCl_2$, $10^{-3}$ M $FeCl_3$, $10^{-4}$ $MnCl_2$, $10^{-5}$ M dipicolic acid, pH 6.5). Optimal pH and temperature were pH 6 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The spore production reached a maximum at 60 hours of incubation. Bacillus subtilis BK-17 on the mung bean solid-state culture produced greater fibrinolytic activity, and less activity was seen in other grains such as kidney bean, soybean and corn. Protein and lipid contents of fermented soybeans were about 10 - 30% more than those of unfermented soybeans. Amino acid content was also 5 - 20% more than that of unfermented soybeans. These results indicated that fermented solid-state culture medium, fermented soybean in this case, can be utilized as a food supplement.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1992

Salted and then washed flounder muscles with salting levels of 10%, 15% and 20% were mixed with boiled foxtail millet and spices(radish, garlic, ginger and red pepper) and fermented at $15^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The changes of taste constituents of fermented flounder Sikhae, such as sugars, free amino acids and 5'-nucleotides, were investigated. The content of fructose decreased significantly during Sikhae fermentation, but the content of mannitol that was not detected from raw material was estimated to be $6.26%{\sim}8.97%$ in Sikhae. The content of total free amino nitrogen in the 15% salted Sikhae was 290.6 mg% and the highest value with 53.4% of its extract nitrogen. It is believed that leucine, alanine, arginine, glutamine, isoleucine, valine, glutamic acid and lysine may play an important role as the taste constituents in Sikhae. The detected 5'-nucleotides were CMP, UMP, CTP, AMP, ADP and ATP and among them the nucleotide showing the hightest level irrespective of treatment was UMP estimated to be $761.0\;{\mu}g{\sim}849.0\;{\mu}g/g$. ATP and ADP were significantly decreased in Sikhae, but CMP and CTP were significantly increased in the 15% salted Sikhae compared with those of raw material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2002

Changes of microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of gamma irradiated Doenjang with low salt were studied. Samples were prepared by mixing the Doenjang and the Chungkukjang with 6% and 8% of salinity. The mixture was irradiated by gamma-ray with dose of 0, 5, 10, 20 kGy, and each sample was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The results showed that the Bacillus cell was inactivated by $10^4-10^5\;cells/g$ with dose of 10 kGy, and yeast and Lactobacillus group were nearly eliminated by 10 kGy. The general quality of gamma irradiated low salt Doenjang, such as amino nitrogen, protease activity, and pH, were more stable than that of control during storage periods. The sensory evaluations showed that 8% (salt)-5 kGy and 6% (salt)-10 kGy irradiated samples were more acceptable than market purchased Doenjang. Therefore, it was considered that gamma irradiation was effective for maintaining better quality of low salt Doenjang and suitable radiation dose was 5 kGy in 8% salted, and 10 kGy in 6% salted sample.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2011

Over the society the trial for several systems to be connected with Network has been continued to share information and to make it various. In accordance with such a change, the concept of military warfare conduction has been changing form platform centric warfare in separate combat system based on network centric warfare in network based. We have continuously made an effort that we try to get the goal with efficient system which is linked up with network, but such a study on that one in military system analysis is still slower than the study out of military until now. So this study is searching network influence factor by using military network with application of social network analysis method which is used broadly in the society and the science as well. At this time we search co-relationships between social network and the thing that we can analyse C2 time by effectiveness measurement means. By this study it has value of network influence factor identification for the growing network composition.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2005

This study is based on previous information regarding reduced cardiac vagal activity in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD), on reduced variance(SDNN : standard deviation of all normal RR intervals), low-frequency power(LF), and the complexity of heart rate variability(HRV) in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF), and on the normalized high-frequency power of HRV is the highest in the right lateral decubitus position among 3 recumbent postures in patients with CAD, However, nothing is known about the nonlinear dynamics of HRV for the 3 recumbent postures in patients with CAD. To investigate the linear and non-linear characteristics of HRV in patients with CAD, 29 patients as CAD group and 23 patients as control group were studied. Electrocardiogram(ECG) with lead II channel was measured on these patients for 3 recumbent postures in random order. The HRV from ECG was analyzed with linear method(for time and frequency domains) and nonlinear method. The lower the high-frequency power in normalized unit(nHF) in the supine or left lateral decubitous position, the higher the increase in nHF when the position was changed from supine or left lateral decubitous to right lateral decubitous. Among the 3 recumbent postures in patients with severe CAD, the right lateral decubitus position was observed to induce the highest vagal modulation, the lowest sympathetic modulation, and the highest complexity of human physiology system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of methyl gallate (MG), which is the major biologically active component of Galla Rhois, in RC-58T/h/SA#4 human prostate cancer cells. MG inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death induced by MG increased the population of cells in sub-G1 phase, formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis induced by MG was associated with activation of initiator caspases-8 and -9 as well as effector caspase-3. Endocrine disruptors such as dioxin and bisphenol A increased growth of RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells in charcoal-treated FBS (cFBS) medium. Cell proliferation was highest upon treatment with 1 nM and $0.1{\mu}M$ dioxin and bisphenol A, respectively. MG also dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells treated with endocrine disruptors. These results indicate that MG exerts anticancer effects on RC-58T/h/SA#4 primary human prostate cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.682-689
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to discriminate the effects of the ramie leaf according to the drying methods (hot air drying and freeze drying) on antioxidative activity in vitro and antiproliferation in human cancer cells. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol content of ramie leaf ethanol extracts depending on the drying methods, but total flavonoid content was significantly higher in hot air dried ramie leaf (HR) than in freeze dried ramie leaf (FR). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of HR and FR ethanol extracts were found to be 77.74%, and 77.29% in 1000 ppm, respectively. Antioxidative index of HR and FR ethanol extracts measured by Rancimat were lower than those in BHT, BHA, and ascorbic acid, but were higher than that in control. The antiproliferation effect of 80% ethanol extracts of HR and FR on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS), and lung cancer cell line (A549) were increased with a dose-dependent manner. The cancer cell growth inhibition activities of HR and FR ethanol extracts at the concentration of $800{\mu}g/mL$ showed greater than 80% on Hep G2 and A549 cell line, and greater than 75% on AGS cell line. These results suggest that HR and FR ethanol extracts possess potential antioxidative effect and antiproliferation in human cancer cells, and those activities of ramie leaf ethanol extracts depending on the drying methods were similar.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Among potential marketing strategies, the most efficient method to encourage purchase intention is through sales promotions. Sales promotions also serve to enhance customer satisfaction, which is closely related to the incidence of repurchases. Therefore, the success of retail stores greatly depends on the effectiveness of their promotional activities. The present study aimed to obtain the necessary information for apparel stores to establish more effective promotional activities. To this end, the study's specific research questions were to examine 1) consumer satisfaction with the recent sales promotions of retail apparel stores, 2) the levels of consumer preferences for different types of sales promotions (cash discounts, promotional gifts, prize drawings, discount coupons, stamp cards, or mileage cards), and 3) the differences in purchase intention according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions. Research design, data, and methodology - The research employed a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 700 men (n=234) and women (n=466) ranging in age from their 20s to their 50s and residing in the Seoul area. Data were analyzed through methods including factor analysis as well as Cronbach's α coefficients, the t-test, ANOVA, and the Duncan test. Results - Differences among consumer preferences were identified for each type of sales promotion according to the purchase amount and the customer's age. In relation to purchase amounts below 500,000 won, participants in their 50s have lower preferences for price discounts than those in their 20s or 30s, whereas participants in their 40s or 50s have lower preferences for stamp cards and mileage cards than those in their 20s. When the purchase amount is greater than 500,000 won, housewives have higher preferences for promotional gifts than respondents with other occupations. However, no gender differences were found with regard to preference levels for the different types of sales promotions. Respondents generally exhibited mediocre satisfaction with the sales promotion events of retail apparel stores. They also expressed negative opinions about sales promotions when such promotions lead to high prices, as well as dissatisfaction with the poor quality of promotional gifts. It was also found that, regardless of the purchase amount, the groups with higher preferences for discount coupons and mileage cards displayed higher purchase intentions. Only when the purchase amount is greater than 200,000 won did the group with higher preferences for lottery system promotional gifts express higher purchase intentions. On the other hand, for all purchase amount sizes, there were no differences in purchase intentions according to preferences for cash discounts, promotional gifts, or stamp cards. Conclusions - The results revealed that greater effort must be devoted to enhancing consumers' satisfaction levels with the promotional activities performed by apparel retail stores. The results also showed that it is necessary to differentiate among sales promotion strategies according to preference levels for different types of sales promotions, purchase amounts, and target consumer ages.