• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.299-313
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• 2002

A web-based instruction program for the enriched course under the 7th Revised National Curriculum of Biology in Korea was developed and the application effects to learners were analyzed. For the development of the web-based instruction program, five topics of biology from the enriched courses through 7th to 10th grades in the middle and high school science textbooks were selected and modulated with interrogative sentences. Each topic of programs was divided into four activity sections according to the learners' activity procedures supplemented with explanations and evaluations. Each activity was hyper-linked to multi-layers and animations. Further, a virtual experiment was also developed and an evaluation section designed by Java Script was attached. Among five topics, one topic of 'Reproduction and development' at 9th grade level was selected to examine the effects on students' learning. Among 247 9th grade students in the research subject school, only 67 students were able to accessible to ultra-thin Internet cables with their computers at home and they became an experimental group. A control group was assigned to those who are similar level of school science achievement to the experiment group and did not use the web-based program. It was found that most of 9th grade students are able to use Internet at home, however, they do not prefer to use Internet for homework or task project. Rather, most of students used Internet for e-mail or information navigation. Students used internet to solve problems of science and perceived the benefits of Internet for science learning. However, there are not many students to utilize Internet for science homework or task project. Students expressed that they do not prefer to use a web-based learning program for science learning due to lack of interests in science. The effects on students who studied with this program appeared to be significantly high compared to those who did not study with this program. Students who studied with this program positively evaluated this program, in particular, they enjoyed animation effect and virtual experiments. It was concluded that a web-based program for science learning should be developed and distributed through Internet in an attractive and interesting format for students. It was also concluded that various web-based programs for science learning with animation effect and virtual experiments should be developed to increase students' interests in science as well as to improve students' science achievements.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2022

Cellobiose is a dissacharide constituted by two glucose units joined by a β-('1,4') glycosidic bond that is produced by the decomposition of cellulose. This product exists naturally in plants and has been utilized in different industries as a food sweetener, and as a cosmetic and pharmaceutical material. In this study, the potential of cellobiose as a whitening cosmetic product was evaluated by analyzing autophagy induction and the inhibition of melanin production. A cytotoxicity test conducted in the human melanin-producing cell line MNT-1 with increasing concentrations of cellobiose revealed that this compound did not cause cytotoxicity at 20 mg/mL or less. Based on this, autophagy was firstly evaluated by immunostaining with the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) after treatment with 20 mg/mL of cellobiose. The subsequent confocal microscopy analysis revealed an increase in LC3 puncta, indicating induction of autophagy. In addition, autophagy was further confirmed by western blot analysis, which demonstrated that cellobiose converted LC3-I to LC3- ∏ in a concentration- and time-dependent manners. An analysis of melanin contents after cellobiose treatment at a concentration of 20 mg/mL during 7 days revealed that melanin production was reduced by more than 50%. Additionally, the expression levels of melanogenesis-related proteins TYR and TYRP1 were markedly decreased after cellobiose treatment. Based on these studies, a cosmetic cream formulation containing cellobiose was prepared and the change in formulation was tested for 4 weeks, and it was confirmed that the appearance changed to liquid form at high temperature, but the pH did not change. In conclusion, the present research demonstrated that cellobiose activates autophagy and inhibits melanin production, and showed the potential of this product as a material for whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.302-318
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to study to the effect of presenting SBF questions on the level of conceptual achievement and eye movement of elementary students in seasonal constellation learning that requires systems thinking. In this study, the effectiveness of SBF questions was divided into experimental groups and comparison groups, and scientific texts with different question types were presented to analyze the level of conceptual achievement and differences in eye movement of sixth-grade elementary students. Data analysis quantitatively analyzed the pre- and post-test results of the developed concept test paper and the eye movement data when learning scientific texts related to seasonal constellations. As a result of the study, first, the SBF question was a valid learning strategy for learning seasonal constellations. The SBF question showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the pre- and post-test between groups, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in the pre- and post-test within the group. Second, SBF questions had a positive effect on students' learning by inducing learners with low preconceptions to area of interest that help them achieve concepts. In other words, when presenting SBF questions with visual data from a space-based perspective, it was confirmed based on the results of eye movement analysis that there was a significant difference in total fixation count (p<0.01) of learners. On the other hand, for learners with high scientific preconceptions, the effect of exploration was not significant because the preconceptions of the learners themselves acted as a hard core rather than the effect of SBF questions. This study is different from existing seasonal constellation learning studies in that it provides quantitative data through pre- and post-test and eye movement analysis in the seasonal constellation learning process, and can help elementary students learn seasonal constellations.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2015

Diagnostic radiation devices that is used in the country has reached to 78,000 units. When used for human subjects diagnostic purposes, it is subject to Medical Service Act, when used in diagnostic purposes in animal subjects, the subject to Veterinarians Act. When used for other purposes are subject to the Nuclear Safety Act. Even the same radiation devices varies the legislation that is applied depending on the intended use and object. Diversified been p rovisions a re necessary compared to t he analysis o f l egal content in o rder t o prevent confusion of the legislation is a matter to be applied. It is a qualitative study that Nuclear Safety Act, Medical Service Act and Veterinarians Act administrative procedures for the introduction of the applied diagnostic radiation devices, safety inspection, human resources management, area management and the content related to administrative punishment. The Nuclear Safety Act sub-provisions, the introduction of diagnostic radiation generating devices, there are many complex and complete requirements administrative procedures on the concept of a permit. Inspection of safety associated with the use, would be subject to periodic inspection auditing characteristics over the entire field of radiation safety management. It must receive court regular education for the safety administrator and workers. Unlike the reference of the radiation dose rate to specify the radiation controlled area there is a measurement obligation of radiation dose rate. Unlike the reference of the radiation dose rate to specify the radiation controlled area there is a measurement obligation of radiation dose rate. Quantitative difference of administrative punishment that is imposed when legislation violation has reached up to 10 times, over the entire field, the largest burden of radiation safety management at the time of application of the Nuclear Safety Act sub provisions. And it is applied differently depending on the purpose and the imaging target using the same diagnostic radiation devices. Depending on the use mainly under the current legal system, radiation can be lacking in fairness of the contents of the legislation for safety management, there is a risk of confusion. Alternatives such as centralized and standardization of legislation by diagnostic radiation devices use is expected to be necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-30
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• 1978

Communication actions as a social band or Human community stick (fast) to human being ceaselessly w without stopping everywhere. All of comm. actions can be kept up and developed by the education of its own. Comm. actions have to include a character of social process, and so for it the social science should t to be some essential part of it. Therefore, Comm. education have to be schemed for achieving with a point of view of synthetical s science including technical and social factor. However, recentry Comm. education be suffered to lose of itowns essential attribute and individual i independence becausing to reduce social weight recklessly in their education It is a prindiple that Comm. science is an integrate science being composed of human, social and t technical subdepartments and so comm. education have to obey for Comm. constuctional theory, i international and social claim. Originally in Korea a educational idea and genealogy forming by the comm. scientific theory has I inherited on orthodoxy. But in 1961, communication college that is only the orthodox model of Comm. education, was f forced to close by some reckless policy and then the national administration for the Comm. education h have been weakened, and so recently it’s education became to degenerate as out of genealogy or n nonsystem alike some scattering Family. On the other side, today comm. science make to it’s modern scientific factor and to keep its l integrate level, therefore, all of educational provisions and administration for the telecomm. should t to be supplement to be fit for their plural chatacters. Comm. education have to occupy an individual educational system through the comm. theory, and t then it can be coexisted with neighbour scientific field equally and can include, connect coordinate o or effect its inference in each subfactor organically. Finally, educational system for telecommunication should to be requested as preeedence that i independent field including pluralism must be formed and sufficient autonomy be guarenteed, and s so Comm. education must be to restored its orthodox genealogy and be recovered individual system a and seIfrestraint field, and then it can be accomplished its own duty for nation and society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

The Koreanology as well as a study of the classics should start from the correct understanding of certain words or concepts. Inaccurate or even misinterpreted explanation is bound to lead to failure. If you read a classic text, if the object does not come up to indicate clearly what the bar often. Bout, are seen refer to the translation or commentary, sometimes encounter cases of very serious misunderstanding. If a simple mistake or error, and if you recognize and fix it, but eopget a big problem, described by early to conclude identified by the fact that the amount of problem becomes serious. Besides, if the trend will spread to quote it, the situation is not out of control. One sample is "Nodongchwibyeong(老松翠屛)" in "Kyoungdojapji(京都雜誌)" "Poonsock(風俗)" "Jetaek(第宅). In some places, it is called "Booyeon(附椽), it has been described elsewhere as a kind of "chwibyeong(翠屛)". This short manuscript clarified by reviewing the old literature closely, it was "songcheom", "songboong(松棚), another expression of Bungga(棚架). More precisely, it was a nickname of Hanyang Yangban in the 18th and 19th century. However, the historical research is just not as having a meaning only one explanation for the particular word. Dare to be confident that these study are meaningful. In the extremely weak division in the understanding of the original text, the cases of applying blindly without a reflection occurs frequently. This short manuscript is to give warning to recent trends. Humanities and classical field researchers made very carefully, taking into account the impact of translation and annotations, and the other branch to accommodate the research of classical humanities disciplines should try to see this information must be verified meets the facts.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Although the history of IPM can be traced back to the late 19th century, when ecology was identified as the foundation for scientific plant protection, it has been more than thirty years since first enunciation. Since than, the concept of IPM has evolved in multiple paths not only in entomology but in plant pathology and in weed science, and the philosophy has become a firm foundation to the science of plant protection. The IPM concept has gained wide general acceptance, however, because of the many-facet aspects, there has been some controversy and/or misunderstanding by the students and practitioners. In this paper, I was tried to review the concepts of IPM and to resolve the contradiction between the philosophy and practical techniques. On this line, the historical background and the concept of economic injury level, which is the foundation of the concepts, are reviewed and discussed the sampling techniques and the population dynamics of single pest, which were basic to the rational and effective application of the management techniques. IPM is not a science per se but it is a technique and it should be applicable to the real conditions. For this purpose, the information on the pests should be transferred to the producers as fast as possible. From such, some of my own opinion is presented in relation to current systems of the pest occurrence forecasting.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.554-564
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• 1994

세균이 세포내 공생하는 xD strain과 모 세포주인 tD strain Amoeba proteus의 열충격 대응의 차이를 알아 보기 위하여 방사선 동위원소로 표지된 아미노산을 Ca2+_less Chalkley's 용액에서 음작용 경로를 통하여 90분 동안 흡수하게 하고, 저온 및 고온 스트레스에 대하여 새로 합성되는 스트레스 대응 단백질의 양상을 1, 2차원 전기영동 및 자기방사 사진법에 의해서 비교하였다 저온(10"C) 충격에 대응하여 아메바는 두 strain 모두 56.0 kDa, pl 6.0 단백질을 강하게 발현하였으며, xD strain에서는 tD strain과 달리 저온 충격 초기에 66 0 kDa, pl 5.5 단백질의 발현이 중단되었다. 한편 고온(33"C) 열충격에 대하여 두 strain 아메바에서 모두 10여종의 단백질이 새합성되는 것으로 확인되었으며, tD 아메바에는 이들 단백질의 새합성이 완만하게 이루어지는데 비하여 xD 아메바에서는 그중 66.0 kDa 단백질이 고온 대응 단백질로서 신속하게 새합성되는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에도 2차원 전기 영동 분석을 통하여 열충격에 의해서 발현이 촉진되는 다수의 단백질들을 탐지하였다 탐지된 아메바의 열충격 단백질은 분자량에 따라 hsp100군 2종, hsp90군, 3종, hsp70군 및 hsp60군 각 1종, 그리고 small csp군 4종으로 분류해 볼 수 있었다 두 분석의 결과를 종합해 보면 tD 아메바에는 저온 및 고온 충격에 대하여 열충격 단백질의 합성이 완만하게 상승하는 데 비하여 xD strain에서는 신속하게 이루어졌다. 이상의 결과로 보아 아메바의 세포내 공생 세균은 숙주의 열충격 대응기작에 변화를 야기한 것으로 판단된다한 것으로 판단된다. 10mg과 20mg의 estrogen 처리구 사이에 유두 직경, 길이 그리고 용적의 증가량에 있어서는 차이가 없었다. 10mg 및 20mg의 estrogen 처리는 초발정일령을 각각 20일 및 124일 단축시켰다. 전체적으로 이러한 결과는 송아지에 estradiol의 삽입은 성장과 유선 발달을 촉진시키고 초발정일령을 단축시킬수 있다는 것을 강력하게 지적한다. 일치하지 않으므로 더욱 정밀한 조사를 실시하여 분류학상의 위치를 정확히 밝혀 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각되었다.연한 도구이자 정신활동으로 보게함으로써, 주제 및 연구방법에서 획일성보다 다양성과 창조성이 강조되고 있다. 그리고 연구에 있어서 주제 의 다양성을 통해 보다 현실생활에 밀접하게 연결되어야 할 필요성은 학문이나 과학의 사회 성에 대한 새로운 인식을 가져다 주고 있다. 이러한 지리교육과정의 좌표의 변화된 측면들 을 고려하여, 지리교육과정의 새로운 방향은 다음의 세가지로 모색될 수 있다. 첫째, 爭點中 心 地理敎育課程이다. 사회쟁점에 대한 접근은 쟁점의 이해와 문제해결에의 지리적 관점의 활용을 통해 학습내용의 시사성과 사실성을 높힐 수 있다. 이때 문제해결능력을 통해 현대 시민의 자질 및 능력을 기를 수 있음은 물론, 다른 한편으로 실제세계 즉 학생의 실생활, 사 회, 국가, 세계에서 일어나는 일들과의 관련성을 갖게 함으로써, 내적 동기화와 외적인 자극 을 강력하게 결합할 수 있을 것이다. 이는 개인적 유관적합성과 사회적 유관적합성을 동시 에 확보하는 데 유리할 것이다. 둘째, 思考中心 地理敎育課程이다. 지리교육은 학생들을 지 식 및 기능의 숙달자가 되도록 할 것이 아니라 기본적 문장해독력의 수준을 넘어 능력있는 사고자로 길러내는 것을 목표로 하여야 한다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between degree of satisfaction and experience on performance in accordance with the characteristics for the dental hygiene students. Dental hygiene students to 480 people from November to December 2014 and analyzed by conducting a survey. The higher grade students were more satisfied with the degree of satisfaction on experience for clinical test performance and clinical practice organization rather than the lower grade students. Also, the degree of satisfaction on major for the higher grade students has been shown as relatively higher than the lower grade students. The factors that affecting the experience for clinical performance and the degree of satisfaction for clinical practice were shown as grade, satisfaction for major and period for practice. In order to enhance the degree of satisfaction on the clinical performance for students, it should be established the system for practice management considering the characteristics of clinical practice by relevant organizations. Also, the dental hygienist who is responsible for dental education should manage his/her practice for students actively. Meanwhile, the practice organization should improve and update the content of education through the consistent alliance with colleges continuously.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1321-1331
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to separate the photosensitizer that induces apoptosis of U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells from Nostoc commune. Dried N. commune was extracted with $CH_2Cl_2/MeOH$ (1:1) to separate the photosensitizer using various chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was identified as pheophytin a ($C_{55}H_{74}N_4O_5$) with a molecular weight of 870. Its photodynamic activities were assessed under different irradiation conditions (light and non-light) at the same concentration range of $1.15-23.0{\mu}M$. The apoptosis inducing activity in U937 or SK-HEP-1 cells appeared only in the light. The mechanisms underlying the pheophytin a-mediated photodynamic inhibition of cancer cells were further investigated by examining cell morphology changes, cytotoxicity, caspase-3/7 activity, fluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, and DNA fragmentation in these two cell lines. The positive control and the light irradiation group showed typical apoptotic responses, including morphological changes, cytotoxicity, caspase activity, nucleus shrinkage owing to chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Cytotoxicity markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner after a 12 hr exposure. Caspase-3/7 activity was higher in U937 cells than in SK-HEP-1 cells. Apoptosis induction therefore appeared to be both concentration- and light-dependent. In conclusion, pheophytin a, isolated from the blue green alga N. commune, had a photodynamic apoptosis-inducing effect on U937 and SK-HEP-1 cells. The findings reported here can be used as basic data for the development of next-generation photosensitizers from N. commune.