• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

The objective was to know if seed potato farmers in Kangwon alpine area control weeds effectively and use herbicides properly to control weeds. Seed potato farmers in Pyongcbang, Hoengsong, and Kangnung have noxious weeds, such as marsh pepper, lambsquarters, barnyard grass, mugwort, asiatic dayflower, hairy carbgrass, ladysthumb, common chickweed, field horsetail, and common purslain, in their farmyard. These are controlled by a combination of physical and chemical weed control methods. However, several weeds such as marsh pepper, field horsetail and, mugwort are poorly controlled by 2-fold amount of several herbicides, including paraquat, pendimethalin, and metribuzin (58% of the answered). Herbicides are not selected and used in a proper manner by seed potato farmers: most of farmers selected herbicides by their experience (51% of the answered) and dealers recommendation (34% of the answered), while only a few farmers of the answered took advantage of the Farmers Handbook for Herbicide Application. In addition, the selected herbicides, including non-registered ones such as paraquat and fluazifop-butyl, are applying three to five years in a succession. With these improper selection and usage of herbicides, sixty-seven percent of the answered farmers have experienced crop damage and seventy-five percent have poisoning. We conclude that a systemic educational program for the proper selection and use of herbicides is needed for seed potato farmers in Kangwon alpine area.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2009

The present study aims to monitor pesticide residues in cut flowers collected from the farms and markets. Cut flowers used in this study included rose, lily and chrysanthemum collected from June to September, 2008. Samples were collected once from farms in Hwasung, Goyang (Gyeonggi-do), Inje (Gangwon-do) and thrice from wholesale market in Namdaemunm, Yangjae and Gangnam (Seoul). Total of 24 pesticides (12 fungicides, 11 pesticides and 1 acaricide) were detected from samples collected from farm and total of 64 pesticides (25 fungicides, 36 pesticides, 1 acaricide and 2 fungicides) were detected from samples collected from wholesale market. The highest detection frequency of pesticide from farm was for carbaryl (15%) and for boscalid, fluacrypyrin, fluquinconazole, methomyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrohin (10%), with overall detection of $0.1-36.99\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. While the highest detection frequency of pesticides from wholesale market was for carbaryl, fluquinoconazole and kresoxim-methyl (18.52%), methomyl (16.6%), and methiocarb and thiacloprid (12.96%) with overall detection amount of $0.1-56.2\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Higher amount of pesticides were detected in leaves than in flowers. Among the pesticides detected, detection frequency of unregistered pesticides for rose, chrysanthemum and lily was 55%, 60% and 63% collected from farms and 47%, 60% and 89% collected from markets, respectively. These pesticides require registration and further monitoring in floricultural crops.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

This study was executed from June first to 30th. 2005. The target was first and second graders of Bok-Hyun elementary school and their mothers. The total of participants was 275 persons and the component ratio was 135 first graders and 140 second graders, also 82 boys and 193 girls. They answered to the question sheet by writing out with their own hands. Among the 300 question sheets that were answered, 275 sheets were analyzed, excepting 25 sheets that got poor answer. The results were as follows; (1) About the behavior of mothers and their children for oral health, In mothers' case, 68.8% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 31.3% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth more than 3 times were more than those who brush teeth less than 2 times In children's case, on the contrary, 14.2% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 85.8% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth less than 2 times were more. (2) In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about fluorine, 55.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly. In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about Periodontal disease, 47.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly and it was highest. (3) In a case of the relation between oral health knowledge and behavior of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, statistical similarity on frequency of brushing teeth was shown(p < 0.05). (4) In a case of the relation between social-anthropological features of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, there was no statistical similarity on age, mothers' educational level, monthly income. However, statistical similarity was shown about existence of mothers' occupation(p < 0.05).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey the cause factor and degree of stress experienced by second and third grade students of dental hygiene department in Gyeong-nam province and Ulsan Metropolitan city who were finished two weeks public health center training and four weeks dental hospital and local dental clinical training. It was to provide basic data and improve the problem of clinical training program. 1. In respect of their motives of choosing the hygiene department, 64.8% in second grade and 62.2% in third grade of those respondents cite guarantee of getting a job as main reason. In respect of the satisfaction for major field, 29.6% of second grade and 73.3% of third grade respondents were satisfied. 2. In the satisfaction for clinical training in public health center, 46.3% of second grade and 46.7% of third grade respondents were satisfied. In the satisfaction for clinical training in local dental clinic and hospital, 50.9% of second grade and 66.7% of third grade respondents were satisfied. 3. In the respect of major factor to feel stress in clinical training in public health center, the relation of school practice program and clinical training in public health center, 50.5% of respondents was felt stress because of the difference between school practice program and field condition was exist. 4. In the respect of major factor to feel stress in local dental clinic and hospital training, the relation of school practice program and clinical practice in public health center, 54.5% of respondents were felt stress. 62.1% of respondents were felt stress because of the difference between knowledge and practice. 58.1% of respondents were felt stress because of the difference between school practice program and field condition was exist. 50.5% of respondents were felt stress because of the lack of knowledge in related fields. As the above results, it is necessary to develop clinical practice program that is to increase satisfaction and provide motivation in oder to reduce the stress during clinical training.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.468-476
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an association between vitamin intakes and established periodontitis in Korean adult population. The 6,245 subjects aged over 19 years old, who participated in health survey, oral examination and nutrition survey were selected for this study from the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Established periodontitis was defined as ${\geq}$ code 3 in community periodontal index. Vitamin intake was assessed with the food-frequency questionnaire. In analysis, participants were classified by quintile of vitamin intakes. We also considered covariates as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors including physical activities, systemic diseases and oral health-related behaviors. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the crude and adjusted associations. All analyses considered a complex sampling design using SAS 9.2. In crude analysis, less intake of vitamin A, retinol and vitamin B2 significantly increased the risk of periodontitis (vitamin A, odds ratio [OR] Q1=1.00, Q2=0.73, Q3=0.80, Q4=0.77, Q5=0.78; retinol, OR: Q1=1.00, Q2=0.86, Q3=0.73, Q4=0.62, Q5=0.55; vitamin B2, OR: Q1=1.00, Q2=0.70, Q3=0.63, Q4=0.67, Q5=0.68). However, after adjusting for socio-demographics, general and oral health status and behaviors, only vitamin B2 was significantly associated with established periodontitis (OR: Q1=1.00, Q2=0.72, Q3=0.73, Q4=0.76, Q5=0.84). An adequate vitamin B2 intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of periodontitis. This finding shows that nutrient intake is slightly correlated with periodontitis in Korean adult population. Further studies are needed to understand this association between nutrients intake and periodontitis in more details.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.578-588
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of dietary sodium (Na) intake with salt-related dietary behaviors of 218 university students (95 men; 123 women) living in Gyeonggi area. Dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) was used to identify salt-related dietary behaviors and to determine Na intakes. In men, systolic & diastolic blood pressures, Na intakes and DFQ-15 scores were significantly higher than in women. High-salt intake group (HS), classified by DFQ-15, had higher scores of high-salt dietary attitude and more Na intakes than low-salt intake group (LS). HS took protein foods and had balanced diets less frequently than LS (p<0.05). HS had fried dishes & fatty meats, and added salt to dishes more frequently (p<0.05). HS and LS had differences in preference of soy-boiled and Chinese or Japanese foods, in intake frequency of bean-paste soup, in use of soy sauce with fried food or raw fish, and in salt addition to dishes at the table (p<0.05). HS, classified by Na intakes, had high-salt dietary attitudes such as preference of seasoned rice & soy-boiled foods and habitual addition of soy sauce or salt to dishes at the table. The subjects using food labels when purchasing had better salt-related attitudes & behaviors, and lower DFQ-15 scores & Na intakes than the non-users (p<0.01). Self-assessed HS (SHS) had worse salt-related attitudes and behaviors (p<0.05). Male self-assessed LS (SLS) had higher Na intakes, which indicated that self-assessment of salt preference did not actually reflect Na intake. In summary, male university students belonged to a high-risk group of salt intakes, and HS preferred soy-boiled foods or fatty dishes, frequently added salt to dishes and rarely had balanced diets. These results suggest that nutrition education programs for university students should include fundamental dietetics and a balanced diet, in addition to a low-Na diet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

This study was carried out to establish a management program and soil restoration plan through analysis of soil properties and visitor questionnaires in Songrim in Hadong, Korea. Soil bulk density in Songrim was slightly higher in the closed-woodlands ($1.31g/cm^3$) than in the open-woodlands ($1.39g/cm^3$). Soil bulk density in the closed-woodlands was higher in walking trails ($1.74g/cm^3$) than in forest areas ($1.39g/cm^3$), while the rates of pore space were lower in walking trails (42.6%) than in forest areas (50.5%). The soil porosity were lower in the closed-woodlands (34.6%) than in the open-woodlands (42.6%). Soil strength in surface soil was slightly lower in the open-woodlands ($8.5kgf/cm^2$) than in the closed-woodlands ($10.5kgf/cm^2$). The content of organic matter, total nitrogen and exchangeable cations of the woodlands was low compared with the optimum nutrient content for tree growth in Korea forest soil. According to the survey, the objective of visiting in Songrim was to enjoy recreation and landscape views. To conserve pine forest ecosystems in Songrim, the respondents said that it needs to the implement of closed-woodland periods, the establishment of smoking free zone, and the prohibition of garbage throwing and alcohol including disciplinary rules and education. Also the respondents said that pine forest ecosystem in Songrim is relatively sound, but the woodlands require the intensive management to the ecosystem and the introduction of native understory vegetation, such as grasses under pine forest ecosystem. It is recommended to designate the rest-year forest for a proper period in all woodlands to restore the Songrim soil rather than the alternation application between the rest-year for three years or non-rest-year trails, and to open partially the walking trails across the woodlands after the period. In addition, the forest within the woodland is need to designate a long-term rest-year.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

The effect of several hydrocolloids on the rheological behavior of wheat flour was investigated. The influence of the selected hydrocolloids (alginate, carrageenan, CMC, guar, locustbean and xanthan) on wheat flour was tested by using two different techniques; amylograph and texture analyzer. In order to have a general overview of their effects hydrocolloids were chosen from different sources implying a broad diversity of chemical structures. The hydrocolloid addition decreased the brightness(L) but increased yellowness(b). The interaction between hydrocolloid and flour produces a slight modification of the amylogram parameters, being the most clearly affected parameter breakdown, which is increased by carrageenan, guar and xanthan. Hardness and cutting force were augmented by hydrocolloid addition, while springeness was decreased except guar and locustbean. In summary, when looking for the improvement of the noodle texture, guar, locustbean are the best candidate additives due to their effects on pasting and texture properties. These hydrocolloids increase the hardness, cutting force, gumness, chew-ness, so were thought to increase the eating quality. So, each tested hydrocolloid affected in a different way the rheological properties of wheat flour, the results obtained are important for the appropriate use of these hydrocolloid as ingredients in the noodle making process.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and perception of adults concerning bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) products. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 502 residents in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. According to the survey more females in their 20s responded than males (45.2 and 54.8%, respectively). In total, 82.6% of respondents had an income of under 4,000,000 won per month and most were living in the city. The results regarding knowledge about bokbunja products showed that the bokbunja wine score was highest (3.66), and intake frequency showed that over half of the respondents had never eaten bokbunja products. The preference for bokbunja wine by males was higher than that for females, whereas the others products showed higher scores for females than for males. When asked about how they knew about bokbunja products, 37.0% of males and 46.9% of females responded a family member or neighbor. When purchasing bokbunja products, males and females answered that they considered taste, country of origin, and manufacturer, and price. Approximately 48% of the respondents answered that they purchased bokbunja products in the grocery and department store. As a result, popularization of bokbunja products was based on product development and sales promotion, and the product development factor significantly influenced preference for bokbunja products.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This study investigated the safety management behavior of dental professionals to minimize exposure to harmful elements of amalgam and resin. As for the use of amalgam and resin, 85.8% of them used amalgam. 100% of used composite resin 100%. 97.8% used acryl resin, and 95.7% used tray resin. 95.2% and 36.5% of them were aware of the harm of amalgam and resin respectively. When using resin, their safety management behavior score was 1.99 on average, and the lowest score was 2.50 on average for 'ventilate the indoor air when handling resin'. Their average score of the safety management behavior was 1.83 when using amalgam. The lowest score was 2.89 on average for 'use the rubber dam for patients when handling amalgam'. As a result of the safety management behavior based on general characteristics, all characteristics were significant with regard to amalgam, and my position at work and work experience were significant with regard to resin (p<0.05). The correlation between the safety management behavior and general characteristics was analyzed when dental amalgam and resin are used. Amalgam was statistically correlated with academic background (p<0.05) and position at work (p<0.05), whereas resin was statistically significantly correlated with age (p<0.05) and position at work (p<0.05). Accordingly, education about the harm of dental materials must be continuously provided for dental professionals when they handle dental materials so that safety management behavior will be conducted correctly, and active efforts to protect the health of dental professionals from harmful chemicals must be made.