• Title/Summary/Keyword: 과피착색도

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Effects of Ethychlozate on the Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa Early) in the Plastic House (Ethychlozate 살포가 하우스 밀감의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 김용호
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.276-282
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of ethychlozate foliar application on the fruit quality of Miyagawa Early Satsuma Mandarin in the plastic house. Ethychlozate(100mg.L$^{-1}$ ) was applied to the fruit at 100, 115 and 145 days after full bloom stage. The fruit was divided into four frequency level groups, with the control group receiving no Ethychlozate treatment and the level 3 group receiving all three applications. Peel coloration by a value Increased as application frequency increased. The a/b value trend was seen to be similar to this, but the b value ran contrary to the a value trend. Glucose contents of the fruit juice did not differ statistically among the application frequency levels but the fructose level was seen to be higher with increasing application frequency. Sucrose showed a similar trend to fructose in that it had a tendency to increase as application frequency increased. As a result of this, total sugar increased naturally with application frequency. The average Brix level among all treatment groups was higher than the average Brix level in the control group but Brix level did not differ significantly among application frequency levels. Acidity had a tendency to increase as application frequency increase, but there was no statistical difference found.

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감귤과피 유색미의 취반 특성

  • 서성수;노홍균;윤광섭;김순동
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.157-157
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    • 2003
  • 우리나라에서 생산되는 감귤은 지리적 기후 조건으로 내한성이 강한 만다린계 온주밀감이 주종을 이루나 최근 과잉생산으로 인한 가격하락과 수입자유화에 따른 대처의 일환으로 경쟁력이 높은 품종을 장려 보급하고 있다. 감귤의 국내 연간 생산량은 56만 톤으로 과일 전체 생산량의 약 30%를 차지하며 과실의 약 20%가 과피로서 그 일부가 한약재로 쓰이나 대부분이 버려지고 있다. 감귤의 과피에는 carotenoids, bioflavonoids, pectin 및 terpenes가 풍부하게 함유되어 있으며, 천연에서 발견되고 있는 약 300여종의 carotenoids계 색소 중 115종이 감귤에 존재한다. 감귤 과피의 주요 carotenoids로는 비타민 A의 역할을 하는 $\beta$-carotene과 cryptoxanthin을 비롯한 $\beta$-citraurin이며 천연 착색제로 활용되고 있다. 또, 주요 bioflavonoids로는 모세혈관의 수축을 촉진시켜 고혈압 예방과 이로 인한 각종 질환을 방지하는 작용을 가진 hesperidin과 혈액내 LDL 콜레스테롤의 양을 줄이는 작용이 알려진 naringin이 있다. 그 외의 감귤 flavonoids도 항산화작용, antimutagen 활성, 항암, 항알레르기 및 항바이러스 효과가 알려져 있다. 밀감 과피의 bioflavonoids는 약 60여종이 분리되어 그 구조가 밝혀져 있으나 90% 이상이 hesperidin이다. 또 과피유에는 $\delta$-limonene을 주성분으로 하는 휘발성 향미성분이 함유되어 있어 향미 개선제로서의 활용이 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 식생활의 서구화로 쌀 위주의 식생활에 많은 변화를 가져와 쌀 소비량은 해마다 줄어들고 있는 반면 기능성을 가미한 쌀의 소비가 늘고 있음을 감안하여, 우리나라 제주도에서 생산되고 있는 감귤 과피의 물 균질액을 쌀에 코팅하여 아름다운 색상과 기능성을 지닌 유색미를 제조함과 동시에 그 취반 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 유색미의 색상은 진노랑(L*; 63.6, a*; -7.87, b*; 46.35)으로 취반 후에도 유사한 색상을 나타내었다. Total carotenoids는 감귤과피에서는 10.74mg%, 과피의 물 균질액에는 0.46mg%이었으며 유색미에는 0.l2mg%, 유색미 취반에는 0.05mg%를 나타내었다. Hesperidin은 과피, 물 균질액, 유색미 및 유색미 취반에서 각각 2173.l2mg%, 108.65mg%, 21.73mg% 및 8.67mg%이었으며, naringin은 각각 1468.40mg%, 73.38mg%, 14.62mg% 및 5.87mg%를 나타내었다. 감귤과피의 유리아미노산은 asparagine이 94.22mg%로 가장 높았으며, methionine이 24.88mg%, alanine이 19.64mg%, ${\gamma}$ -aminoisobutylic acid가 15.37mg%로 이들 4종의 아미노산이 전체 유리아미노산함량의 70%를 나타내었다. 유색미 취반에는 백미 취반에 비하여 총 유리아미노산의 함량이 15%정도 증가되었으며, 그 중에서 glutamic acid는 2.5 배가 증가되었다. 감귤과피의 주요 무기질은 K(652.60mg%)와 Ca(222.50mg%)로 전체 무기질 함량의 86%를 차지하였으며 유색미 취반은 백미 취반에 비하여 K는 2.3배, Mn는 76%, Ca, P, Mg은 16~26%, Fe는 13%가 각각 증가되었다. 취반의 경도, 점착성 및 깨짐성은 유색미 취반과 백미 취반간에 차이가 없으나 응집성과 탄력성은 유색미 취반에서 높았다. 색상에 대한 기호도, 구수한 맛 및 종합적인 기호도는 유색미 취반에서 높았으며 단맛, 쓴맛은 백미 취반과 차이를 보이지 않았다.

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Skin Coloration and Endogenous Hormonal Changes of 'Kyoho' Grape by High Temperature at Veraison (변색기 고온에 의한 포도 '거봉'의 과피 착색 및 내생 호르몬 변화)

  • Ryu, Suhyun;Cho, Jung-Gun;Jeong, Jae Hoon;Lee, Seul-Ki;Han, Jeom Hwa;Kim, Myung-Su
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.234-242
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    • 2019
  • We analyzed the anthocyanin accumulation, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA) contents and metabolic genes expression in berry skins under high temperature (High T) at veraison, in order to investigate the cause of bad coloration of 'Kyoho' grape due to High T in summer season. The coloration of 'Kyoho' grapes was stopped by High T for 10 days from veraison, and the fruit quality was not affected except skin color. Total anthocyanin of skins was decreased by High T treatment and malvidin and peonidin were decreased compared to control. In berry skins, ABA content did not decrease by High T treatment, but it was rather higher than that of control. GA content was increased about two times compared to the control after 10 days of High T treatment, which caused decreased ratio of ABA/GA. Analysis of expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes showed that the early biosynthetic genes were not affected by High T and the expression of UFGT was decreased by temperature treatment. ABA biosynthetic gene expressions were not affected by High T and the expression of GA20ox1 and GA2ox1/2, which are known to regulate the biosynthesis and inactivation of GA, were increased and decreased by High T, respectively. Therefore, the bad coloration of 'Kyoho' grapes under the High T at veraison was due to inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis of skin, and it was suggested that the anthocyanin biosynthesis was controlled by the ratio of ABA and GA rather than ABA content.

Effects of Potassium Phospate Monobasic(PPM) Foliar Spray on the Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. 'Miyagawa Early') in the Plastic House. (제1인산가리 엽면살포가 하우스 밀감의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 김용호;노일래
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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    • 1999.04a
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    • pp.35-38
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    • 1999
  • N. P. K는 감귤생산에서 가장 많이 사용되어지는 비료로서 이들 각각의 성분은 과실의 품질과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 그 중에서도 가리, 인산은 과실의 크기, 과피두께, 그리고 과실의 산도에 미치는 영향이 크다고 한다. 감귤의 착색촉진에는 제1인산 석회, 제1인산 가리의 엽면살포가 효과가 있다고 알려지고 있으며 최근에 이르러서는 하우스 재배의 토양수분 스트레스에 의한 세균 감소로 수세가 쇠약해지는 등 영양분의 결핍에 의한 생리장해를 예방하기 위하여 엽면시비가 증가하는 추세에 있다. (중략)

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Physiological Responses and Fruit Quality Changes of 'Fuji' Apple under the High Night Temperature (야간 고온에 의한 사과 후지 품종의 생리반응 및 과실품질 변화)

  • Ryu, Suhyun;Kwon, YongHee;Do, Kyeong Ran;Han, Jeom Hwa;Han, Hyun Hee;Lee, Han Chan
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.264-270
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    • 2015
  • Tropical night phenomenon has been increasing due to global warming recently, it is expected that fruit quality of apples will decrease due to elevated night temperature condition. In the present study, fruit quality at maturity, periodic anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression and sugar contents in leaves and fruit flesh were investigated to establish the physiological responses of 'Fuji' apples under high night temperature. The night temperature were treated with such as ambient (control), ambient $-4^{\circ}C$, and ambient $+4^{\circ}C$. After the treatment, high night temperature didn't affect fruit diameter, weight, and soluble sugar contents. Coloration of ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ was poor than that of control, however there was no significant difference between these genes expression of control and that of ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ treatment in the late coloration season. Increase of sorbitol and glucose contents at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ in leaves were smaller than those at control, and then sorbitol and sucrose contents in fruit flesh at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ were smaller than those at control. The cross section of leaves showed that there were no differences with the structure of parenchyma and epidermis tissues between the treatments, but starch granules in the palisade parenchyma cells decreased in high night temperature treatments. Consequently, high night temperature didn't affect the fruit quality, but changed sugar contents in leaves and fruit flesh, and suppressed coloration regardless of anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression.

Effects of Night Temperature at Veraison on Berry Skin Coloration of 'Kyoho' Grapevines (포도 '거봉' 품종의 변색기 야간 온도 처리가 과피 착색에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Suhyun;Cho, Jung-Gun;Jeong, Jae Hoon;Lee, Seul-Ki;Han, Jeom Hwa
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2021
  • We analyzed berry skin coloration, anthocyanin accumulation, and plant hormone contents in berry skins to determine the effect of night temperature at veraison on berry skin coloration in 'Kyoho' grapevines (Vitis labruscana L.). Vines were grown under 21, 24, and 27℃ at night for 20 days at veraison, from 40 to 60 days after full bloom (DAFB). Berry skin coloration of 'Kyoho' grapes was more suppressed in 27℃ treated vines, followed by that in 24℃ treated vines, than that in 21℃ treated vines. Cluster and berry weight and soluble solids content was lower in 24 and 27℃ treated vines than in 21℃ treated vines. Anthocyanin started to accumulate from 60 DAFB in berry skin of 21℃ treated vines, and malvidin and total anthocyanin content increased until 100 DAFB. The total and most of the individual anthocyanins decreased in 24 and 27℃ treated vines; however, peonidin did not decrease in 24℃ treated vines compared to that in 21℃ treated vines. Abscisic acid (ABA) peaked at veraison in berry skins of 21℃ treated vines and decreased thereafter until 100 DAFB. The increase in ABA content was inhibited in berry skins of 24 and 27℃ treated vines. Gibberellin (GA) content in berry skins decreased rapidly at veraison, with the decrease being slower under 27℃ than under 21℃. ABA/GA in berry skins of 21℃ treated vines peaked at 60 DAFB and decreased thereafter until 100 DAFB. However, ABA/GA decreased in berry skins of 24 and 27℃ treated vines, with reduced anthocyanin accumulation. Therefore, high night temperature (above 24℃) at veraison suppressed the berry skin coloration of 'Kyoho' grapes with changes in anthocyanin contents and composition due to the decrease in ABA/GA ratio and fruit soluble solids contents.

Gene Expression as Related to Ripening in High Temperature during Different Coloration Stages of 'Haryejosaeng' and 'Shiranuhi' Mandarin Fruits (온주밀감 '하례조생'과 '부지화' 과실의 착색 단계별 고온에 의한 성숙 관련 유전자의 발현 변화)

  • Ahn, Soon Young;Kim, Seon Ae;Moon, Young-Eel;Yun, Hae Keun
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.665-676
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    • 2016
  • As high temperature during citrus growing season has caused a serious problems including inferior coloration in production of mandarins in Korea, we were to investigate the expression pattern of several genes related with coloration during the ripening in high temperature condition of citrus fruits. The expression of genes related with sugar metabolism, cell wall degradation, and flavonoid synthesis in high temperature conditions was investigated in fruits of 'Haryejosaeng' (Citrus unshiu) and 'Shiranuhi' mandarin (C. reticulata). While the expression of beta-amylase (BMY), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) was differently induced, expression of polygalacturonase (PG) decreased dependently on temperature conditions. In 'Haryejosaeng' mandarin, while the expression of genes related to the skin coloration, such as CHS and F3H genes increased at $25^{\circ}C$, the expression of PAL and stilbene synthase (STS) genes were induced at $30-35^{\circ}C$ in all ripening stages. In 'Shiranuhi' mandarin, the expression of the BMY gene decreased at early time point in all temperature condition and then increased at $30-35^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ in the ripening stage 2 to 3 of fruits. F3H and STS genes also showed the tendency to decrease at $30-35^{\circ}C$. Although the expression levels of genes in ripening stage 1 and stage 2 of fruits showed similar patterns in both 'Haryejosaeng' and 'Shiranuhi', the expression levels of genes were down-regulated in late ripening stage of 'Shiranuhi' fruits compared to 'Haryejosaeng'. In general, the mRNA levels of seven tested genes were higher in 'Haryejosaeng' than in 'Shiranuhi' mandarin, and expression of genes by high temperature was regulated sensitively in 'Haryejosaeng' compared to 'Shiranuhi' mandarin. Further investigations of expression of various genes based on transcriptome analysis in early ripening stage can provide valuable information about the responses to climatic changes in ripening citrus fruits.

Correlation Analysis Between Fruit Quality of 'Campbell Early' Grapes and Climatic Factors (포도 '캠벨얼리' 품종의 과실품질과 기후요인과의 상관분석)

  • Kim, Seung-Heui;Choi, In-Myung;Cho, Jung-Gun;Han, Jeom-Haw;Hwang, Jeong-Hwan;Seo, Hyung-Ho;Yun, Hae-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2011
  • The study was conducted to investigate the correlation analysis between fruit quality and climatic parameters in grapevines. 'Campbell Early', one of the major grape cultivars, occupies more than 70% of cultivated areas in Korea. Recent research results have shown that the movement of cultivation area of fruit production resulted from the temperature increase. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fruit quality and climatic conditions in 13 major 'Campbell Early' grape producing areas (i.e., Sacheon, Jinju, Naju, Dangjin, Cheonan, Gimcheon, Yeongdong, Okcheon, Sangju, Suwon, Yeongju, Gangneung, Chuncheon, and Yanggu). The earliest and latest full blooming days of grapevines were ovserved on May 25 in Sacheon area and on June 7 in Yanggu area, respectively. At least 90 days are required for grapes to mature enough for the production of highquality fruits. The southern areas with less than 90 days of maturity period had difficulty in the production of good fruit. However, the areas with longer maturity period of 100 to 110 days produced grapes with with high sugar content and good coloring. The fruit qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes are more closely related with temperature than other climatic factors. High temperature resulted in fruits with high acidity and delayed the coloration of the fruit skin in the southern area. The fruit skin was thin in the southern area and inclined to be thicker in the northern areas. Therefore, grape should be cultivated in regions with long maturity period to have high quality.

Effects of Ridge-up Bed Cultivation on the Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin ('Miyagawa Wase') in a Plastic Film House (높은이랑재배에 의한 하우스 밀감의 품질향상)

  • Kim, Yong Ho;Kim, Chang Myung;Chung, Soon Kyung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.599-604
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    • 2000
  • This experimemt was conducted to determine the effect of ridge-up bed with different height (0, 20, 40, 60 cm) on the fruit quality of 'Miyagawa Wase' satsuma mandarin cultivated in a plastic film house. Soil moisture was measured at the soil depths of 10, 30, and 60 cm for each height of ridge-up bed. The time required to reach the condition, -1.4 Mpa at 30 cm deep in soils, which are supposed to be the ideal soil moisture potential and soil depth for high quality satsuma mandarin production, was 100, 60, and 30 days for 20, 40, and 60 cm ridge-up bed, respectively, and more than 100 days for 0 cm. Peel chromaticity by 'a' value was increased as the ridge-up height went up, so that plants grown at the bed with 60 cm height had 11 degree higher value than those of plants grown at the bed with 0 cm height. The 'a/b' values also had a similiar trend as value 'a'. The reducing sugar level of the fruit juice, which was composed of glucose and fructose, was increased as the height of ridge went up, showing significant difference between the ridge heights. The sucrose level had the same trend as the reducing sugar level although the difference between the ridge heights were not significant. Generally, the soluble solid level is considered to be representing the fruit quality. It had 11.4, 12.1, 12.5, $12.8^{\circ}Brix$ for 0, 20, 40, and 60 cm ridge-ups, respectively, showing $1.4^{\circ}Brix$ difference between 0 and 60 cm ridges. Acidity basically showed the same result as that of the soluble solid level depending on the height of the ridges.

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Application of Color Index for Red Grapes (CIRG) for Assessment of Grape Quality (포도의 품질 평가를 위한 CIRG 값의 적용)

  • Choi, Jae-Youn;Cho, Eun-Kyung;Park, Seo-Jun;Hur, Youn-Young;Nam, Jong-Chul;Koh, Sang-Wook;Jung, Sung-Min
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.244-249
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    • 2014
  • Hunter value ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) is a rapid and convenience method for compare with different skin color, but not suitable to compare quality with various grape cultivars. Color Index for Red Grapes (CIRG) is one of a simply convert method for grape skin color as numeric data, and many previously result showed that high correlation between CIRG index and various quality factors of grape. In this experiment, we measured CIRG index, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and total anthocyanin content on the grapes (Campbell Early, Heukbosuk, Kyoho) from the varaison to harvest. As a result, CIRG index and anthocyanin contents have an exponential correlation; r-square is each 0.8595 in the 'Campbell Early' and 0.8500 in 'Heukbosuk'. And TSS and CIRG index have a positive r-square, at the Campbell Early is 0.7758 and Heukbosuk is 0.7253. Also TA and CIRG index have a positive r-square, at the Campbell Early is 0.7279 and Heukbosuk is 0.6630. These results were shown that CIRG index is a reliable indicator for a none-destructive evaluation of the grape quality.