• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.376-386
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the learning progression of logical thinking in acid and base chemical reactions and to evaluate its validity. For this purpose, we collected 387 participants in 9 schools of elementary, middle and high schools nationwide. The questionnaire developed in this study was composed of nine items. The questionnaire presented the acid and base reactants and products, and the students pictured their thoughts on how these substances change, and answered the reasons of their thoughts. Situation contexts of the questionnaire were divided into two groups: one kind of solute dissolved in a solvent, and two kinds of solute dissolved in a solvent. In this study, six levels of learning progression were assumed by combining material conservation logic, combination logic, proportion logic, and particle number conservation logic. By analyzing the data, Infit and Outfit values of Person reliability, Item reliability, MNSQ and ZSTD were obtained from the Rasch model. As a result of the analysis of data, it was found that lower levels of learning progression prevailed up to the younger grade students till $8^{th}$ grade. The higher levels of learning progression(Level 2~Level 5) prevailed up to the older grade students. However, higher levels of learning progression dropped sharply in Grade 12. The 5 level of learning progression was very low in all grades, and $9^{th}$ grade had highest percentage of students belonging to the 5 level. Interpretation of these unusual results suggests a future research related to explanation differences of textbooks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

Digital medical technology is very effective and at the same time faces the challenge of protecting privacy. However, for contact tracking and exposure notification apps in COVID-19 environment, there is always a trade-off between privacy measures and the effectiveness of the app's use. Today, many countries have developed and used contact tracking and exposure notification apps in various forms to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but the suspicion of digital surveillance (digital panopticon) is unavoidable. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors of personal information infringement and dissatisfaction through text mining analysis by extracting user reviews of "Self-Quarantine Safety Protection" in Korea. As a result of the text mining analysis, we derived four groups, 'Address recognition error', 'Exit warning error', 'Access error', and 'App. program error'. Since 'Address recognition error' and 'Exit warning error' can give the app users a strong perception that they are keeping under surveillanc by the app, transparent management of personal information protection and consent procedures related to personal information collection are required. In addition, if the other two groups are not corrected immediately due to an error in an app function or a program bug, the complaints of users can be maximized and a protest against the monitor can be raised.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.371-388
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• 2021

This research was designed to provide the materials helpful for art therapy education and art therapist training by exploring the intervention processes and professional competency factors of art therapists which facilitate therapeutic alliance through the art therapists' actual clinical experiences. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 art therapists, and analysis of the materials was divided into 5 sections and 41 categories using Consensus Qualitative Analysis (CQR). According to study results, the art therapist's intervention process for the promotion of therapeutic alliance signifies the structuralization of a safe environment through basic items of consideration for a therapeutic alliance and the three dimensions of its composition, and the art therapist's professional capacity interacts with the art therapists intervention factor to directly and indirectly affect the therapeutic alliance. Subsequently, it is essential for art therapists to reinforce their professional abilities relevant to conceptualizing unique individual cases with clinical problems, sufficient clinical experiences, the ability to utilize art as therapeutic treatment, and efforts to maintain professional capabilities for therapeutic purposes. The significance of this research lies in presenting the materials to be used in educating and training the art therapists by deriving the developmental tasks necessary for structuralizing the facilitation of the therapeutic alliance and strengthening the professional expertise of the art therapist.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-207
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality, the international community's practical challenge in response to climate change, is becoming a key industrial strategy for the future development of nations. Despite concerns that China, as an economic powerhouse in the G2, may face challenges leading global climate change efforts due to its high-carbon-emitting industrial structure, it is leveraging carbon neutrality to enhance its industrial competitiveness. The Chinese government has formulated national policies for achieving carbon neutrality and detailed sector-specific plans to implement them. In particular, it aims to leverage carbon neutrality industrial strategies as a lever for adjusting the domestic industrial structure and fostering new industries, at the same time responding to international climate norms and external pressures. However, the effectiveness of carbon-neutral industrial strategies is expected to vary based on regional conditions such as economic and industrial levels. This article analyzes the regional conditions for implementing carbon neutrality in China, as well as the contents and characteristics of major industrial policies. Due to differing levels of economic development and industrial structures, significant variations in carbon emissions, size, emission sources, and efficiency are inevitable across regions. These disparities introduce diverse initial conditions and endogenous factors in pursuing carbon-neutral goals, limiting the direction and implementation of carbon-neutral industrial strategies favoring certain regions. In particular, the extent of policy autonomy granted to local governments regarding carbon neutrality implementation will influence the regional dynamics of central-local environmental governance. Consequently, it is crucial to emphasize regional monitoring alongside comprehensive national research to accurately navigate the path towards carbon neutrality in China. In summary, the article underscores the importance of understanding regional variations in economic development, industrial structure, and policy autonomy for successful carbon neutrality implementation in China. It highlights the need for regional monitoring and comprehensive national research to determine a more precise direction for achieving carbon neutrality.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2023

This research investigated category-based feature inference when category features were connected in common cause and common effect causal networks. Previous studies that tested feature inference in causal categories showed unique inference patterns depending on causal direction, number of related features, whether the to-be-inferred feature was cause or effect, etc. However, these prior studies primarily focused on inference pattens that arise from causal relations, and few studies directly explored how the effects of causal relations vary depending on causal strength. We tested feature inference in common cause (Expt. 1) and common effect (Expt. 2) causal categories when casual strengths were either strong or weak. To this end, we had participants learn causal categories where features were causally linked and then perform feature inference task. The results showed that causal strengths as well as causal relations had important impacts on feature inference. When causal strength was strong, inference for common cause feature became weaker but that for the common effect feature became stronger. Moreover, when causal strength was strong and common cause was present, inference for the effect features became stronger, whereas the results were reversed in common effect networks. In particular, in common effect networks, casual discounting was more evident with strong causal strength. These results consistently demonstrate that participants consider not only causal relations but also causal strength in feature inference of causal categories.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.187-202
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• 2019

The main goal of this study is to investigate influence of trust in physical education (PE) teachers and immersion experience in PE classes on attitude and satisfaction during PE classes. Total 863 middle school students in Gwang-ju metropolitan area were recruited by utilizing a convenience sampling method. All data were analyzed by using SPSS statistic program ver. 25.0 (frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis). Alpha was set at 0.05. The results of this study is summarized as in the following. First, all sub-factors of trust in the PE teachers partially positively or negatively influence sub-factors of attitude during PE classes. Second, sub-factors of satisfaction during PE classes were partially positively affected to trust in the PE teachers. Third, Attitude during PE Classes were found to have partial positive influence on immersion experience in PE classes. Fourth, sub-factors of immersion experience in PE classes have partial positive effect on the sub-factors of satisfaction during PE classes. Thus, in order to the positive attitude and greater satisfaction during PE classes, it is important to establish the trust of PE teachers through maintaining interaction with students, constructing better systemic class, and creating the class conditions based on considering students' ability. In addition, in order to enhance immersion experiences of students during PE classes, it is necessary to set up learning goals and tasks based on ability of students, to study various teaching method, and to make only focusing on the performance based PE classes without grading.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1463-1478
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the elderly based on the types of Kyungrodang participation and explores ways toward development of Kyungrodang. A national sample data, collected by the Korean Institute for the Health and Social Welfare in 2004 is analyzed by employing Chi-Square test of independence, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression(n=3,005). A significant difference is noted in age, area, and socioeconomic status among the elderly based on the types of Kyungrodang participation. The results show that those elderly living in rural areas with older and lower socioeconomic status are more likely to participate at Kyungrodang, whereas, elderly living in urban areas with younger and higher socioeconomic status are less likely to participate at Kyungrodang and discontinue to use the services. Although there is a difference between the gender, the most significant reason for not using and discontinuing Kyungrodang is because the elderly can not get along with the other participants. In other words, the major problem that needs to be solved is to socializing and providing service programs satisfying all participants. Based on the results and recent socioeconomic changes of the older population, some policy issues are suggested for the development of Kyungrodang.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.53-71
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• 2023

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) refers to factors that are important for assessing a firm's social and environmental effect, as well as its governance standards. This paper investigates the relationship between ESG-based corporate governance and SDGs strategy implementation by discussing about incorporating ESG issues into corporate operations. It digs into the advantages and disadvantages of aligning corporate governance with the SDGs, demonstrating the potential for delivering long-term value for both firms and society as a whole. In this paper, we investigate ESG-Based Knowledge Management (ESG-KM), a knowledge management system that incorporates sustainability principles. More specifically, the paper investigates how the synergy between ESG-KM and ESG-Based Corporate Governance (ESG-CG) might influence firms' long-term value creation, stakeholder involvement, and sustainable decision-making. Finally, this paper investigates how public organizations might use knowledge management to improve the implementation and effect of ESG-CG principles, resulting in better sustainable outcomes. Public enterprises may support responsible decision-making, increase stakeholder involvement, and achieve long-term performance by linking ESG principles with corporate governance standards. The paper then explores how ESG-KM might help public firms integrate these concepts into their governance structures. The scientific novelty of this paper resides in its thorough investigation, realistic implementation methodologies, and novel combination of ESG principles, corporate governance, and knowledge management. Furthermore, by providing actionable insights and emphasizing the application of these concepts in the context of public enterprises, the paper makes a valuable contribution to the field of management, propelling the discourse on responsible and sustainable business practices in both the private and public sectors.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.319-348
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• 2008

Self-efficacy, achievement goals, task value, and attribution are some of the representative motivation constructs that explain adolescents' cognition, affect, and behavioral patterns in achievement settings. These constructs have won researchers' recognition by demonstrating explanatory and predictive utility that transcends various social and cultural milieus learners are exposed to. Korean adolescents' motivation is generally in line with this universal trend and can be described adequately with these constructs. Nonetheless, there also exist a host of indigenous factors that shape these motivation constructs to be uniquely Korean. The purpose of the present article was to explore some of the socio-cultural factors that appear to wield particularly determining effects on Korean adolescents' academic motivation. Review of the relevant literature identified interdependent self-construal, traditional morals of filial piety, familism, educational fervor, academic elitism, and the college entrance system as important cultural, social, and policy-related such factors. Also discussed in this article were the roles of these factors in creating more immediate psychological learning environments for Korean adolescents, such as parent-child relationships, teacher-student relationships, and classroom goal structures.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to look at the fun that high school students from blind schools feel in sports programs. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 10 out of 12 blind schools nationwide, including 122 male and 102 female students. Research tools are open questionnaires and questions are as follows. - Questionnaire: "Write down three of the most interesting things about sports programs." The data analysis was done with frequency analysis and the following conclusions were drawn. First, male high school students at blind schools are able to build up their physical strength in the area of competent factors (control-self) (23, 21.5%), in the area of competent factors (7, 77.8%) and in the area of motion-related factors (competition) (24, 15.1%), and in the area of non-execution factors (26, 37.7%), Second, high school girls with visual impairments did not respond in the areas of proficiency (control-self) because of stress release (25, 26.6%), in the areas of control-tain), in the areas of movement (competition) because they were able to do various exercises (22, 15.7%), and in the areas of non-watering (environmental) (18, 37.5%). Third, in the sports program comparative analysis of high school students between genders of blind schools, boys are interested in health and physical fitness in the field of competent factors (control-self) and girls are considered to be a means of relieving stress. In the field of competent factors (control-others), boys and girls can react to a variety of sports opportunities. In the future, by studying the fun of students in the physical education program through research to find out more fun in the school physical education program, we will explore practical ways to maximize student participation and increase motivation level The educational aspect of the process, that is, the educational value provided by the physical education, should be composed of content that can change the thinking and behavior of the teacher and the student so that the program contents and operation method.