• Title/Summary/Keyword: 과립

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Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study on the Epithelia of Digestive Tract of a Korean Slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi (한국산 산민달팽이 ( Incilaria fruhstorferi ) 소화관 상피조직의 미세구조 및 조직화학적 연구)

  • 이정찬;장남섭;한종민
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.143-160
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    • 1997
  • 한국산 산민달팽이 Incilariafruhstorferi의 소화관을 부위별로 관찰하고, 소화관 상피조직을 구성하는 세포의 종류와 분포수 그리고 분비되는 과립 등을 미세구조적, 조직화학적으로 관찰하고 그 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 산민달팽이의 소화관은 식도, 위, 장, 직장 등으로 구성되어있으며, 식도는 다시 전식도, 소낭, 후식도로 나누어지고, 장은 전장과 중장, 후장 등으로 구분되었다. 소화관을 부위별롸 관찰한 결과 섬모원주상피세포 2종, 녹색과립세포 3종, 청색과립세포, 점액세포, 투명세포, 망상형세포 그리고 괴사형세포 등 모두 10종류가 확인되었다. 섬모원주세포는 A형과 B형 등 두 종으로 나뉘며, A형은 세포의 상단 자유면에 섬모와 미세융모가 밀생된데 비해, B형은 전자밀도가 높아서 검게 보이고, 장과 직장에서만 관찰되는 특징을 보였다. 섬모의 구조는 9 x 2 + 2 axoneme이었다. 녹색과립세포는 미세구조에 의해 A형, B형 그리고 C형등 3종으로 나누어지며, 소낭과 후식도, 위, 직장에서 주로 관찰되었다. A형과 B형은 Sudan black에 양성인 지방과립(1.36 x 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$)만을 포함하고 있는데비해 C형은 글리코겐 과립도 포함하고 있었다. 청색과립세포는 10종류의 세포 중 가장 키가 크고 (35$\mu\textrm{m}$), Millon반응에 양성을 보이는 둥근과립(직경, 1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$)을 포함하고 있는데 과립들은 단백질성으로 확인되었다. 이들은 중장에서만 관찰되었다. 장과 직장에서 주로 많이 관찰되는 점액세포는 세포질 속에 전자밀도가 낮은 투명한 과립과 전자밀도가 높아서 검게 보이는 둥근과립(크기, 1.33 x 0.89$\mu\textrm{m}$)들을 포함하고 있었는데, 이들은 미성숙 시기에는 투명과립(직경, 2.66$\mu\textrm{m}$)으로 관찰되었다. PAS-alcian blue(pH 2.5)반응에서 투명과립은 alcianophillia로 나타난 반면, 검은 과립은 PAS에 양성반을을 보이며, 각각 산성점액과 중성점액과립으로 확인되었다. 투명세포는 광학현미경 관찰에서 A형과 B형으로 구분되었으나, A형은 전자현미경 관찰에서 신경내분비세포로 확인된 반며, B형은 지방과립을 소지한 지방저장세포로 각각 확인되었다. 신경내분비세포가 소지한 과립의 크기는 0.16$\mu\textrm{m}$ 정도였다. 망상형세포는 주로 위에서 관찰되는 형태가 불규칙한 작은 세포로서 세포질에 비해 큰 핵을 소지하고 있었다. 소량의 세포질 돌기에는 사립체와 과립성소포체를 포함하고 있다. 괴사형세포는 후장과 직장에서 주로 많이 관찰되고, 점액세포의 점액과립이 분비된 후, 붕괴되는 과정에서 형성된 것으로 확인되었다.

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한국산 플라나리아 Phagocata vivida 인두에서 형성되는 점액과립

  • 장남섭
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.496-504
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    • 1993
  • 한국산 플라나리아 Phagocata vivida의 인두에서 다음과 같은 점액과립들을 관찰하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 인두외강의 인두측 상피조직과 내측부의 유조직에서 조직화학적 및 미세구조적 특징에 따라 5종류의 점액과립(G1형, G2형, G3형, G4형 및 G5형)이 관찰되었다. methylene blue-baslc fuchsin 이중염색을 시행한 결과 G1형, G3형 및 G4형 과립은 methylene blue에만 양성반응을 보인데 비해 G2형 및 G5형 과립은 두 염색액에 모두 양성반응을 보였다. G1형과 G3형 과립은 그 크기가 0.5mm정도이고. 전자밀도가 매우 높게 나타났으며 특히 G1형 과립에서는 흰 반점과 줄무의가 관찰되었다 G2형 과립은 그 크기가 0.750m정도이고, 전자밀도는 G3형 과립에 비해 약간 낮았다. G4형 과립은 그 크기가 0.3mm정도로 매우 작고, 전자밀도는 낮아서 밝게 보였다. G5형 과립은 그 크기가 0.4$\times$0.3mm정도이고. 전자밀도가 낮게 나타났으며 배상세포 형태를 하고 있었다.

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Ultrastructure of the Cutaneous Gland in the Asiatic Land Salamander, Hynobius Leechi II. Granular Gland (도룡뇽 (Hynobius leechi) 피부선의 미세구조: II. 과립선)

  • Kim, Han-Hwa;Noh, Yong-Tai;Chung, Young-Wha;Chi, Young-Duk
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.219-228
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    • 1980
  • The ultrastructures of the granular glands in the asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) skin were observed by means of electron microsope The results were as follows; 1. The granular gland of the asiatic land salamander skin consisted of a body of gland and a duct. The body of the granular gland consisted of the glandular epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells. The duct of the granular gland consisted of the keratinocytes. 2. The glandular epithelial cells in the asiatic land salamander skin were divided into the dark cell and the light cells in accordance with the electron density of the cytoplasm. 3. The secretory granules of the granular glands were round or oval in form and were divided into the various granules, showing the secretory granules showing weak electron density had the parts showing strong electron density near the granular membrane. 4. It is supposed that showing the different electron densities of the granules in a glandular epithelial cell is due to different mature stages and to different level of water absorption, and the chemical components of the granules showing different electron densities are identical.

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Numerical Simulation of Productivity of Metal Powder Spray Granulation Process Using Discrete Element Method (이산요소법을 이용한 금속 분말 분무 과립화 공정의 생산성 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Son, Kwon Joong
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2021
  • A powder metallurgy process with granules is the manufacturing technology that can achieve higher-density sintered parts than conventional powder metallurgy processes. However, there is a disadvantage in that the production cost increases significantly due to the additional granulation step. High granule productivity must be guaranteed for affordable material costs in this manufacturing technology. This paper performed a series of scattering, collision, and adhesion simulations of agglomerated powders to investigate the characteristics of granulation process affecting the manufacturing yield rate. The results of this simulation-based convergence study can contribute to improving productivity in the metal powder spray granulation process.

An Ultrastructural Study on Endocrine Cells in the Pyloric Region of the Korean Hedgehog(Erinaceus koreanus) (한국산 고슴도치 유문부에 있어서 내분비세포의 전자현미경적 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Hyun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 1987
  • Endocrine cells in the pyloric region of the hedgehog were studied ultrastructurally. 4 types of endocrine cells classified as gastric-type EC, ELC, $D_1$, and G cells were observed in this region. The gastric-type EC cells contained pleomorphic granules with high electron density and highly dense bodies in a dense matrix. ECL cells were characterized by the presence of round or oval granules with high electron density. Some granules of ECL cells showed a small amount of content or empty. $D_1$ cells contained round and small granules with low electron density. They occasionally showed a narrow halo between the limiting membrane and the dense materials. G cells were characterized by the presence of round or oval granules with low electron density. Some granules of these cells showed a narrow halo between the limiting membrane and the core.

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Fine Structure of Epithelial Tissue in Korean Leech, Erpobdella lineata (한국산 거머리(Erpobdefla lineate)상피조직의 미세구조)

  • 장남섭
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 1995
  • 한국산 거머리 각배obdeffo linea약의 상피조직을 배부상피(dorsal epithelium), 복부 상피(ventral epithelium) 측부상피(lateral epithelium) 별로 3부위를 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전자현미경 관찰에서 거머리 상피조직은 3부위 모두 불규칙한 세포로 구성되었으며, 그들은 전자밀도가 높은세포와 중등도인세포 그리고 투명한세포 등 3종류로 구분되었다. 거머리의 불규칙한 상피조직 사이에서 두 종류의 분비성 과립인 a 및 b형과립과 색소성 과립인 D형과립이 관찰되었다 배부상피조직에서 관찰된 a형과립(66$\times$83 Um)은 복부와 측부에서 관찰된 과립(33H66 Um) 보다 형태가 훨씬 크고 그 수 도 두배정도 많이 관찰된 반면, b형과립은 모든 상피조직에서 동일한 크기와 형태를 보였지만 그 수는 배부와 복부에 비해 측부상피조직에서 두배정도 많이 관찰되었다 이상 분비성 과립들은 PAS-alcian blue(pH 2.5) 반응에서 모두 PAS에 강한 양성반응을 나타내어 중성점액다당류로 확인되었다. 거머리 몸마디를 이루는 체절은 배부와 복부에서 그 주름의 깊이와 넓이가 각각 다르게 나타나서(배부, 40 Um와 330 urn, 복부 100 urn와 150 urn), 복부의 깊은 체절이 발(foot)의 역활을 수행 하였다.

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Ultrastructural Study on the Cutaneous Granular Glands in Bombina orientalis Boulenger (무당개구리(Bombina orientail Boulenger) 피부 과립선의 미세구조에 관한 연구)

  • 김기영;김관선;문명진;김우갑
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 1989
  • The histochemical characteristics of the cutaneous granular glands and its fine structure of the Korean fire bellied toad, Bombino orientalis Boulenger the only species inhabitated in Korea, were studied with light and electron microscopes. By the granular size and histochemical properties, the granular glands were subdivided into two types. The type I glands have small secretory granules (3.6 $\mu$ m), whereas the type II glands contain relatively larger granules (7.5 $\mu$ m). These two types of glands were simple alveolar gland, and they were commonly composed of inner glandular epithelial cells and outermost myoepithelial cells. By the histochemical reactions, these two secretory granules were not responsed to Alcian blue, but weakly positive reaction was observed in type I granular glands by the PAS reaction. And by the scanning electron microscopic observation, extemal morphology of the opening site of the gland duct was resembled to the stomata of the plant leaves. Especially the epithelial cells of the type I glands had fine reticular surface whereas, type II glands had large vesicular surface. These types of the glands conimonly had larger cavities than those of mucous glands, and forming the multinucleated unicellulr structure (syncytium) at the glandular epithelial layers. Secretory granules of these glands were originated from the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the glandular epithelial cells, and by the maturation level of the granule, morphological diversities appeared.

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An electron microscopic study on endocrine cells in the cardiac and fundic regions of the Korean hedgehog(Erinaceus koreanus) (한국산 고슴도치 분문부와 위저부의 내분비세포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-hyun;Lee, Hyeung-sik;Lee, Nam-soo;Kim, Jong-beom
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.373-381
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    • 1990
  • Endocrine cells in the cardiac and fundic regions of the Korean hedgehog were studied ultrastructurally. Five types of endocrine cells classified as EC, ECL, $D_1$. G and A-like cells were identified in these regions. EC cells contained pleomorphic granules, 170~500nm in diameter, with high electron density and highly dense bodies in a dense matrix. ECL cells were characterized by the presence of round or oval granules, 220~450nm in diameter, with high electron density. Some granules of ECL cells showed a small amounts of contents or empty. $D_1$ cells contained round and relatively small granules, 140~400nm in diameter, with low to moderate electron density. G cells were characterized by the presence of round or oval granules, 200~400nm in diameter, with moderate electron density. Some granules of these cells showed a narrow halo between the limiting membrane and the granular matrix. A-like cells contained round granules, 170~260nm in diameter, With high electron density. The granules of these cells showed homogeneous matrix surrounded by the tight membrane.

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The Fine Structure of Spider (Araneus ventricosus) Hemocytes (산왕거미 (Araneus ventricosus) 혈구의 미세구조)

  • Choi, Jae-Young;Moon, Myung-Jin
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.259-269
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    • 2006
  • Hemocytes of the spider Araneus ventricosus were investigated with histochemistry, density analysis of percoll gradient, and fine structural examinations using transmission electron microscope. The hemocytes of this spider were classified into two major groups: granulocytes and non-granulocytes. The granular hemocytes were subdivided into three subtypes according to their histochemical properties which are eosinophilic granuloctes(EGs), basophilic granulocytes(BGs) and cyanocytes. The EGs, which have small granules within the cytoplasm comprise about 5% of the total henocytes. However the granules of BGs are larger than those of HGs. The cyanocytes were characterized to contain hemocyanin granules in their cytoplasm. On the other hand, the non-granulocytes were divided into three subtypes; hyaline leucocytes, oenocytoids, and molting homocytes. The hyaline leucocytes are the most abundant and the smallest hemocyte type in this spider. The oenocytoids that have $10{\sim}15{\mu}m$ in diameter are mostly found at the marginal region of the myocardium in the heart tube. The molting hemocytes, which only appeared during the molting period, contains plenty of glycogen particles in their cytoplasm.

Molt-related Changes in the Granulocytes of the Spider Araneus ventricosus (Araneae: Arachnida) (탈피에 따른 산왕거미(Araneus ventricosus) 과립혈구의 미세구조 변화)

  • Moon, Myung-Jin
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2008
  • The fine structural modification of the granulocytes between the molt and intermolt period were investigated by the transmission electron microscopy. The granular hemocytes of the spider Araneus ventricosus were composed of three subtypes: eosinophilic granulocytes (EGs), basophilic granulocytes (BGs) and cyanocytes. Both of the EGs and BGs have electron dense granules within their cytoplasms, however the granules of BGs are larger than those of EGs. During the molt period, some of the EGs have fine structural modification in their cell organelles including formation of phagosomes as a result of active phagocytosis. However, the BGs have no phagosomes, but electron densities of the granules are changed to lower states than the intermolt period. The cyanocyte is the biggest hemocyte among the granulocytes. They contain numerous hemocyanin crystals in the cytoplasm with some electron-lucent vacuoles. During the molt period, some of the cyanocytes are changed to irregular shapes. High magnification electron micrographs reveal that the lattice sub-structure of the hemocyanin crystals are very similar to those of microtubules, and each tubule is composed of approximately 20 filaments with fine fibrillar structure.