• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.806-814
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• 1997

The incidence, type and distribution of polyneuropathy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were assessed and also analyzed the causative factors. Forty-four patients, mean age 66.1 years (42 male, 2 female), have been investigated with arterial gas analysis, pulmonary function test, clinical and electrodiagnostic studies. None of them had conditions known to affect the peripheral nervous system such as metabolic disorders or drugs. In a selected group of 44 patients, electrophysiological findings of polyneuropathy were found in 22 patients(50%), clinical polyneuropathy were diagnosed in 13 patients(9 patients were diagnosed by electrophysiological studies, 4 patients were normal by electrophysiological studies). These findings indicate that subclinical polyneuropathy(13 patients, 30%) more commonly occurs than clinical polyneuropathy(9 patients, 20%) in associated with COPD. In the patients with polyneuropathy, the lesions were predominant axonal degeneration, the changes were more involved in leg than arm, more frequently affected sensory fibers. We could not find etiologic factor to cause polyneuropathy in COPD patients.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 2010

The Landsat and ASTER data have been used in mineralogical and lithological studies, and they have also proved to be useful tool in the initial steps for mineral exploration throughout Nevada mining district, US. Huge pyrophyllite quarry mines, including Jungang, Samsung, Kyeongju, and Naenam located in the southeastern part of Gyeongsang Basin. The geology of study area consists mainly of Cretaceous volcanic rocks, which belong into Cretaceous Hayang and Jindong Group. They were intruded by Bulgugsa granites, so called Sannae-Eonyang granites. To extraction of Ratio model for pyrophyllite deposits, tuffaceous rock and pyrophyllite ores from the Jungang mine used in reflectance spectral analysis and these results were re-sampled to Landsat and ASTER bandpass. As a result of these processes, the pyrophyllite ores spectral features show strong reflectance at band 5, whereas strong absorption at band 7 in Landsat data. In the ASTER data, the pyrophyllite ores spectral features show strong absorption at band 5 and 8, whereas strong reflectance at band 4 and 7. Based on these spectral features, as a result of application of $Py_{Landsat}$ model to hydrothermal alteration zone and other exposed sites, the DN values of two different areas are 1.94 and 1.19 to 1.49, respectively. The differences values between pyrophyllite deposits and concrete-barren area are 0.472 and 0.399 for $Py_{ASTER}$ model, 0.452 and 0.371 for OHIb model, 0.365 and 0.311 for PAK model, respectively. Thus, $Py_{ASTER}$ and $Py_{Landsat}$ model proposed from this study proved to be more useful tool for the extraction of pyrophyllite deposits relative to previous models.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.623-634
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• 2000

This study was conducted to analyze the patterns associated with the short-term variability of CO$_2$ concentrations over 24-h scale within and across the Korean Peninsula. In the course of our study, we compared the data sets obtained from Moo-Ahn (MAN) station located in the far western coastal area of Korea with those determined from major background observatory stations around the world from the periods of Aug. 1995 to Dec. 1997. The mean CO$_2$ concentration of the MAN area for the whole study periods, when computed using the daily mean values, was found out to be 374.5${\pm}$6.6 ppm (N=884); seasonal mean values were found out to be 378${\pm}$5.2 (spring: N=181), 372${\pm}$10.2 (summer: N =210), 372${\pm}$7.2 (fall: N=243), and 376${\pm}$5.4 ppm (winter: N=206). When the data from MAN was compared with those of major background stations, the effects of both daily and seasonal components appear to vary distinctively across different stations. Those effects are expected to reflect the mixed effects of various factors which include: seasonal pollution patterns, weather conditions, vegetation, and so forth. Based upon this comparative analysis, we suspect that the MAN area is under the strong influence of anthropogenic source processes relative to all the other stations under consideration. If that is not the case, the existence of enhanced CO$_2$ level may be rather ubiquitous phenomena in Korea. More detailed inspection of CO$_2$ behavior from various respects is strongly desired in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.713-721
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) which required mechanical ventilation over 48 h and to delineate the progress of respiratory failure and radiographic findings in severe MAS. Methods : Twelve infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital diagnosed with severe MAS from January 2004 to July 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results : The presence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is the only independently significant risk factor for a longer hospital stay and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) was not randomized but only performed in infants with radiographic findings for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the presence of radiographic findings for RDS, the duration of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation was significantly longer. PPHN developed in 8 infants (75%). The PPHN group had a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation. All infants who received SRT showed radiographic improvement within 12 h, but there was no significant change in the severity score during the same period. Infants without the PPHN complications showed significant decrease in the severity score within 12 h after SRT, whereas infants with PPHN complications did not. Conclusion : The clinical course of severe MAS differed significantly depending on the development of PPHN. SRT conferred radiographic improvement in infants who showed radiographic findings for RDS, but did not influence the clinical course of MAS significantly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.742-746
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• 2008

Purpose : The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and adverse side-effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Methods : Forty-one patients who had been treated with GH for more than two years (24 boys and 17 girls, mean age $7.3{\pm}3.3$ years during treatment initiation) were enrolled for this study. Results : After 2 years of GH therapy, the height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) increased significantly ($-1.19{\pm}1.37$ vs. $-0.02{\pm}1.45$, and $1.02{\pm}2.42$ vs. $1.63{\pm}2.22$, P<0.002); however the percentage body fat decreased ($44.6{\pm}9.9%$ vs. $38.1{\pm}10.5%$, P<0.001). Further, no change was observed in the thyroid and serum glucose levels, but the total cholesterol level decreased. GH therapy did not impact glucose control in the patients with diabetes. The most common adverse effects of GH therapy were the progression of scoliosis and adenoid hypertrophy. Conclusion : GH therapy improved the height SDS and body composition in patients with PWS. However, GH should be used with caution in patients with scoliosis and adenoid hypertrophy.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.234-246
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between steady shear flow (nonlinear behavior) and dynamic viscoelastic (linear behavior) properties for concentrated polymer solutions. Using both an Advanced Rheometic Expansion System(ARES) and a Rheometics Fluids Spectrometer (RFS II), the steady shear flow viscosity and the dynamic viscoelastic properties of concentrated poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), polyisobutylene(PIB), and polyacrylamide(PAAm) solutions have been measured over a wide range of shear rates and angular frequencies. The validity of some previously proposed relationships was compared with experimentally measured data. In addition, the effect of solution concentration on the applicability of the Cox-Merz rule was examined by comparing the steady flow viscosity and the magnitude of the complex viscosity Finally, the applicability of the Cox-Merz rule was theoretically discussed by introducing a nonlinear strain measure. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) Among the previously proposed relationships dealt with in this study, the Cox-Merz rule implying the equivalence between the steady flow viscosity and the magnitude of the complex viscosity has the best validity. (2) For polymer solutions with relatively lower concentration, the steady flow viscosity is higher than the complex viscosity. However, such a relation between the two viscosities is reversed for highly concentrated polymer solutions. (3) A nonlinear strain measure is decreased with increasing stran magnitude, after reaching the maximum value in small strain range. This behavior is different from the theoretical prediction demonstrating the shape of a damped oscillatory function. (4) The applicability of the Cox-Merz rule is influenced by the $\beta$ value, which indicates the slope of a nonlinear stain measure (namely, the degree of nonlinearity) at large shear deformations. The Cox-Merz rule shows better applicability as the $\beta$ value becomes smaller.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.755-762
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• 2000

Physicochemical properties of commercial sweet potato starches manufactured by 7 different companies were investigated in comparison with corn and potato starches. Crude ash and protein content varied from 0.36 to 1.02%, and from 0.04 to 0.14% based on dry weight, respectively. The protein contents were relatively smaller than that of corn or potato starch. But whiteness of the sweet potato starches was less than that of corn or potato starch. Mean diameter of the sweet potato starch granules varied from 14.23 to $21.08\;{\mu}m$ depending on the company and all sweet potato starches showed bimodal size distributions. Pasting viscosity measured by Rapid Viscoanalyzer(RVA) also showed variations among the starches of different companies. The starch from D company in Korea had the lowest pasting temperature$(74.00^{\circ}C)$ whereas the starch from a phillippine company(P) did the highest one$(80.35^{\circ}C)$. The peak viscosity of sweet potato starches was higher than that of corn starch but lower than that of potato starch. The D company starch also showed the highest peak viscosity(2283 cp) among the starches tested. Paste breakdown by hot shearing ranged from 524 cp (S company) to 1279 cp (HL company). Textural properties of the starch gels appeared significantly different among the starches of different manufacturers. The greatest hardness of the gel was $137.90\;g_{f}$ at 1 day storage whereas the lowest value was $31.53\;g_{f}$. Except the starches from 2 companies (P and S), the sweet potato starches formed very soft and weak gels. P or S company starches formed the gels similar to potato starch. Syneresis by freeze-thawing treatments appeared less for sweet potato starch gels than that for corn starch gels, but greater than that for potato starch gel. The overall properties of the sweet potato starches varied by the manufacturing companies, and ranged between those of corn and potato starches.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.11.2-12
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• 1982

The major advancement in phonosurgery due to recent development of laryngomicrosurgery enabled more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patient with voice disorders. Among large proportion of voice disordered patients, prominent linear furrow running parallel along the free edge of vocal cord extending from the vocal process to anterior commissure can be seen as well as incomplete closure during phonation. These cases were illustrated and coined as sulcus vocalis by Salvi in 1901, since then other similar paper was reported in Europe and Japan, but has not been reported in Korea. The exact etiology and therapeutic methods of sulcus vocalis has not been elaborated. At Department of Otolaryngology of Yonsei University College of Medicine a series of voice analysis were performed among those 35 patients with sulcus vocalis visited to Vocal Dynamics Laboratory from May, 1981 to March, 1982. Following is the result of clinical statistical investgation and therapeutic modality. 1) The incidance of sulcus vocalis among 290 patients with voice disorder visited to Vocal Dynamics Laboratory was approximately 12%(35 cases). 2) Onset of this voice disorder was most frequent among patient under 10 year-old groups; 19 cases (54%) followed by second decade, third decade groups in decreasing frequency respectably. 3) The etiology of sulcus vocalis was mostly unknown. The sequelae after measle (4 cases) and severe upper respiratory infection (3 cases) and congenital deformity (2 cases) were the possible causes of sulcus vocalis. 4) These patients were involved bilaterally in 25 cases (71%), left side only in 8 cases (23%) and right side only in 2 cases (6%). 5) Almost all patients complained hoarseness and 7 patients were suffering from chronic laryngitis. 6) In aerodynamic analysis, Maximal Phonation Time was decreased in 20 cases (57%), Phonation Quotient was increased in 22 cases (63%) and Mean Air Flow Rate was increased in 23 cases (66%). 7) Among them, 33 cases were analyzed with stroboscopy. The findings were as follows; incomplete glottic closure during phonation in 31 cases (93%), regular vocal cord movement in whole cases, asymmetric cord movement in 4 cases (12%), decreased amplitude in 5 cases (21%) and small mucosal wave in 24 cases (73%). 8) Intracordal Teflon injection in 5 cases and Sulcusectomy in 1 cases were performed as therapeutic management, however, the therapeutic results were not effective except one case with Teflon injection.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

The monthly mean sea levels at 48 stations located at the East and Yellow Seas coasts of Korea, Russia and Japan are processed to investigate seasonal sea level variations. The strong seasonal variations are found to be at the west coast of Korea (42.1 cm in Kunsan), in the region of the Korea strait and near the southern part of Primorye (30-33 cm); the weak ones near the southwestern coast of the Sakhalin Island (10-12 cm). Practically for the whole study area except the southwest Sakhalin, the general picture of the seasonal sea level changes is alike: the mean sea level rises in summer-autumn and falls in winter-spring. The spectral analysis of the records also shows that the seasonal oscillations strongly dominate in the sea level variations, more than 80% or total energy in the southern part of the investigated region and 50-70% in the northern part relate to these oscillations. The annal peak significantly prevails in spectra of the monthly sea levels for the majority of stations, the semiannual peak is also well manifested, but the seasonal peaks of higher order (corresponding to the periods of four and three months) reveal only at some records. The maximal amplitudes of annual component by a least square method are found at the Yellow Sea coast of Korea (20-21 cm) and also near the Japanese coast of the korea Strait (19-19 cm). The semiannual component has the maximal amplitudes (3-4 cm) near the south and southwestern coasts of the Sakhalin Island. The annual range of the sea levels is much weaker here than in the other regions, the relative investment of the seasonal oscillations in total energetic budget is only 35-40%, annual ($A_1$) and semiannual ($A_2$) components have nearly the same amplitude (seasonal factor $F=A_1/A_2=0.9-1.2$). On the basis of the present examination on sea level changes together with the results of Tomizawa et. al.(1984) the whole investigated area may be divided into 10 subregions, 2 of them are related to the Yellow Sea and Western part of the Korea Strait (Y1, Y2), the other ones (E1-E8) to the East Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

$Ti_{1-x}$$^{57}$ F $e_{x}$ $O_2$(0.0$\leq$x$\leq$0.07) compounds were fabricated using the sol-gel method, and the crystal structure and magnetic properties were investigated as a function of doped $^{57}$ Fe concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a pure anatase single phase, without any segregation of Fe into particulate. With varying $^{57}$ Fe concentration, we could observe unusual magnetic phenomena in these materials. Doping $^{57}$ Fe into the Ti $O_2$ nonmagnetic semiconductor formed magnetic properties, but the gradual increase of $^{57}$ Fe concentration decreased rapidly the ferromagnetic properties rather than enhanced the ferromagnetic properties. Obvious ferromagnetic behavior was shown for the samples with x$\leq$0.01, while paramagnetic behavior was shown for the sample with x$\geq$0.03. These phenomena could be verified using Mossbauer measurement. Separation of the ferromagnetic phase (sextet) and the paramagnetic phase (doublet) of the samples with different $^{57}$ Fe concentration was characterized. Samples with x$\leq$0.01 have sextet and doublet simultaneously, but samples with x$\geq$0.03 have only doublet at room temperature. This indicates that the sample x$\leq$0.01 have the ferromagnetic phase at room temperature. This result corresponded with the M-H loops referenced above and reveals an interesting feature that there is a critical limit of $^{57}$ Fe concentration (0.01$\leq$0.01 samples was fundamentally attributable to the paramagnetic phase as well as the ferromagnetic phase.e.