• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.01a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2021

현재까지 나타나고 있는 공포 게임은 크게 두 가지로 나뉘어 있다. 시각적으로 유저들의 눈을 감기느냐 아니면 심리적으로 유저들의 마음을 두렵게 사로잡느냐 하는 것으로 나뉘어 공포 게임들이 출시되고 있다. 이렇게 크게 두 가지로 나뉘고 있지만 이 두 가지를 또 나누어 시각적인 공포로는 점프 스케어, 즉 갑툭튀 방식의 플레이가 더 공포를 느끼는지 아니면 게임에 크리처가 나온다면 그 크리처의 모습만으로 공포감을 느끼는지, 심리적인 공포로는 크리처가 없는 심리 공포 게임이 무서운지 아니면 크리처가 있는 심리 공포 게임이 무서운지로 더 자세히 나누어 흔하디흔한 공포 게임들의 선입견을 찾아보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 유저들이 공포 게임을 접할 때 시각적으로 더 공포감이 느껴지는지 아니면 심리적으로 더 공포감이 느껴지는지에 대한 선입견 차이를 통계를 통해 설명하고 해당 공포심으로 공포 게임들의 공포 방향성을 어떻게 바뀌어야 할지 제안을 하고자 한다.

• 한국게임학회지
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 정성적, 정량적 측정을 통한 게임 감성 유희(遊戱)요소 도출을 목적으로, 공포게임의 '공포'를 '유희적 공포'라 보고 로제카이와의 놀이이론에 근거하여 분석한 후, 이를 바탕으로 공포게임내 '유희적 공포요소'를 '감각적 유희공포', '기대적 유희공포', '제한적 유희공포', '수행적 유희공포'의 4가지로 분류했다. 연구자는 플레이어의 반응을 통해 이를 검증하기 위해 실증적 실험을 수행하였는데, 실험은 공포게임을 플레이 하는 동안 심박계를 통해서 각 실험자들의 심박을 측정하고 이를 촬영한 비디오 데이타를 분석하여 유희적 공포요소가 심리적, 생리적인 영향을 줄 것이라 예측된 지점을 공포지점(fear point)이라 명명하였으며, 이 지점에서 측정된 심박이 평상시 평균심박 및 실험 중 평균심박과 통계적으로 유의한 차가 있는지 알아보고 설문을 통한 플레이어의 주관적 데이타를 첨부하여 심박수와의 통계적인 상관관계를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 공포지점에서 실험자들의 심박이 평상시 심박 및 실험중 평균심박 보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 상승됨을 증명했으며, 주관적 데이터와도 상관관계가 높음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 게임 내 유희적 요소로서의 공포요소를 이론적인 방법과 실증적인 방법을 통해 검증하고 앞으로의 게임 제작 및 기획에 도움이 되는 기준을 제시할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.116-126
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• 2011

In this paper, the horror game is defined as a game that is aimed at causing fear reactions to user. And this paper analyzed narrative elements for studying what causes fear reactions beyond the existing experimental study. This analysis is significant at the point of determining narrative principles in the horror game. So this paper has extracted horror elements from gothic horror novels that established as the 'horror' genre and has considered how these horror elements would be transformed actually in the horror game. So it analyzes how the space and narrative elements as the distinctive characteristics of game are transformed centrally in the case of the 'Silent hill' series(published by Konami Corporation). Furthermore this study will be expected to be a help for clarifying not only the horror game as a peculiar genre but also the relationship between the space and narrative elements in the game.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

This paper analyzed maximized the tension not by functional restriction but by psychological response inducement to form the tension of the horror game from the point of space time view. In order that, We arranged three major situations inducing the tension in the horror game and prepared space time analysis base. Pure fiction time of game itself is applied on game time excluding the time creating the cut-scene and the game space is organized with various combination of three space types. This analysis result can help horror game design by discovering the relationship between space time structure and tension forming of the horror game. These analysis results allow us to find guidelines for the time and space design of horror games that can be flexibly linked to game events and contexts by controlling the player's dynamic/static tension and temporary/continuous tension.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

This study mainly focused on horror movies and horror games. Camera angles of horror movies and compositions of horror games are main factors that can cause fear in people's minds. Through analyzing four kinds of factors, including sensual, expectant, restrictive and executive fear elements, in horror games, and combining with the patterns of camera angles and film techniques that Alfred Hitchcock applied in his horror movies, this research investigated certain types of compositions and concluded ones that were more effective on growing fear in players' minds and enhancing their involvement. In conclusion, only the combination of factors in horror-game compositions, like diagonal composition, dual-diagonal composition and inverse triangle-line composition, with visual elements enables player's growing sense of fear and the increase in involvement. Therefore, future works should apply more of these fear-inducing compositions.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

In this study, by both qualitative and quantitative measurement on the purpose of deriving the sensitive amusement factor. I consider the fear of horror games as "the amused fear" and analyze it, which is based on the play theory by Roger Caillois. On the basis of this, I classified the amusement fear in horror games into the 4 factors. I conducted some positive tests through the player's response in order to verify them. The test is conducted measuring the heart rate of each experimenter by cardiometer while they are playing horror games. By analyzing the video data, I gave a name to the point that the amusement fear factors are expected to influence psychologically and physiologically as the fear point. At this point, I examined if the measured heart rate makes the outstanding difference or not, when compared average heart rate with experimenter's heart rate. In addition, I also examined if there is a statistical correlation of heart rate by attaching player's subjective data through the questionnaire. Consequently, it was statistically turned out that the experimenter's heart rate which is measured rose dramatically than usual, and that there are close correlations among subjective data. I also found out that the amusement fear factor at the relevant point plays a major role in experimenter's psychological and physiological response. In this study, I could prove the horror factor as a meaning of amusement factor using both theoretical method and positive method establishing a standard set that is helpful for further production and planning of the game.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.279-280
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• 2014

현재 게임제작을 위해 많이 사용하고 있는 Unity 3D 엔진을 이용하여, 특수한 장르인 공포 게임을 제작해 본다. 이러한 공포 장르에 맞는 게임을 개발하기 위해서는 그에 맞는 함수와 Unity 3D의 기능들을 습득할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 Unity 3D 게임 엔진이 제공하는 안개 효과, 사운드 효과 및 애니메이션 효과를 사용하여 공포 게임에 어울리는 시각적, 청각적 효과를 쉽게 구현하고, 그에 따르는 적절한 구현 방법에 대해 설명한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

Survival horror games aim to seek cathartic psychological escapism from the framed fear or hostile environment. However, if the goal of the game playing is only "survival" against hostile environment, the motivation of such environment adaptive games may not be based on the framed fear. We may call such games as "environment adaptive survival games". In this paper, we analyze the contents of six such survival games that have large user groups in Steam platform based on the pilot survey. We extract 13 almost common fun elements that induce the fun of such games. An online user survey was conducted through multiple survival game cafe to investigate who play such games. There was no gender differences in playing time but females prefer constructing tools as a fun element and play puzzle and simulation games more than males. We found that survival games could be welcomed by female users under 30 years old if 'horror' element was minimized.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2013

The vague anxiety or disbelief about new media undermines the confidence of old media about controlling the future. The negative response of old media makes the vicious circle. In spite of the development of new media and IT industry, the conservative view regards computer game as taboo. The absolute taboo provokes the absolute fear. Then the absolute taboo is 'computer game' in today's Korean society. Computer game as play in the digital era is burdened by the critique on the non-productivity and the deviation. And what's more, the digital technology of computer game intensifies the image of 'virtuality'. It cause the fear about computer game. This article starts on the understanding about computer game and inspects the mass image about computer game which is caused by the various aspects of cultural or technological facts in computer game. From this inspection, the article explains the mechanism of gamephobia and suggests the view to catch the cultural value of computer game beyond the fear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.489-491
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 청강문화산업대학교 게임전공 2014학년도 졸업 작품인 '사이코메트리(Psychometry)' 게임 내에서 등장하는 연출용 이펙트 사운드에 따른 플레이어의 반응을 테스트하고 그 결과를 도출한다. 이 테스트 결과에 따라 플레이어가 게임을 플레이하면서 가장 자극을 받는 이펙트 사운드가 무엇이며, 그 이유를 연구하고 추후 개발에 적용하여 게임 내에서 플레이어에게 사운드를 가장 효과적으로, 영향력 있게 전달할 수 있도록 게임을 설계하는 것을 목표로 한다.