• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.133-158
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• 2012

In the modern society, a growth in the non-profit sector and a decrease in the government budget on social welfare result in a greater need of individual giving and volunteering. Therefore, in order to manage non-profit organizations effectively, it is necessary to encourage citizen participation in giving and volunteering through identifying various factors affecting giving and volunteering. In order to identify what factors are affecting participation in giving and volunteering and whether the relationship between giving and volunteering is multiplicative or compensatory, this study uses multinomial logistic regression analysis by categorizing four groups based on the participation types of giving and volunteering. The research findings confirmed that common factors such as religion and satisfaction with leisure time were still significant, and specific factors were also found among factors affecting participation in giving and volunteering. Especially, this study identified that factors affecting giving and volunteering differ according to household income, education level, employment status, gender and social relationship satisfaction. The findings confirmed that giving and volunteering are compensatory behaviors. Finally, the implications of this study were discussed. A differential strategy for giving and volunteering is needed to encourage citizen participation in non-profit organizations.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 2007

The present investigation is concerned chiefly with new curriculum development at the Department of Mechanical System & Design Engineering at Hongik University with the aim of enhancing creativity, team working and communication capability which modern engineering education is emphasizing on. 'Mechanical System & Design Engineering' department equipped with new curriculum emphasizing engineering design is new name for mechanical engineering department in Hongik University. To meet radically changing environment and demands of industries toward engineering education, the department has shifted its focus from analog-based and machine-centered hard approach to digital-based and human-centered soft approach. Three new programs of Introduction to Mechanical System & Design Engineering, Creative Engineering Design and Product Design emphasize hands-on experiences through project-based team working. Sketch model and prototype making process is strongly emphasized and cardboard, poly styrene foam and foam core plate are provided as working material instead of traditional hard engineering material such as metals material because these three programs focus more on creative idea generation and dynamic communication among team members rather than the end results. With generative, visual and concrete experiences that can compensate existing engineering classes with traditional focus on analytic, mathematical and reasoning, hands-on experiences can play a significant role for engineering students to develop creative thinking and engineering sense needed to face ill-defined real-world design problems they are expected to encounter upon graduation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2015

A COG (Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins) algorithm was applied to detect conserved genes in 711 prokaryotes. Only COG0080 (ribosomal protein L11) was common among all the 711 prokaryotes analyzed and 58 COGs were common in more than 700 prokaryotes. Nine COGs among 58, including COG0197 (endonuclease III) and COG0088 (ribosomal protein L4), were conserved in a form of one gene per one organism. COG0008 represented 1356 genes in 709 of the prokaryotes and this was the highest number of genes among 58 COGs. Twenty-two COGs were conserved in more than 708 prokaryotes. Of these, two were transcription related, four were tRNA synthetases, eight were large ribosomal subunits, seven were small ribosomal subunits, and one was translation elongation factor. Among 58 conserved COGs in more than 700 prokaryotes, 50 (86.2%) were translation related, and four (6.9%) were transcription related, pointing to the importance of protein-synthesis in prokaryotes. Among these 58 COGs, the most conserved COG was COG0060 (isoleucyl tRNA synthetase), and the least conserved was COG0143 (methionyl tRNA synthetase). Archaea and eubacteria were discriminated in the genomic analysis by the average distance and variation in distance of common COGs. The identification of these conserved genes could be useful in basic and applied research, such as antibiotic development and cancer therapeutics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1990

To assess the role of cAMP on the growth and proliferation of Toxoplasma in HL-60 cells we tested the effect of exogenous cAMP and cAMP analogues to the co-culture system of Toxoplasma and HL-60 cells. cAMP, dbcAMP, and br-cAMP stimulated the growth of Texoplasma at a specific concentration, i.e., 100 mM, l00 mM, and 10-1 mM, respectively. There were differences in growth induction kinetics and in the rate of promotion. These results were further verified by treating the co-culture with adenylate cyclase activator, pNHppG, cAMP phosphodiesterase activators, imidasole and A23187, and cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, IBMX, compound 48/80, and theophylline, separately. When the cytosolic cAMP levels increased by the reagents mentioned above, Toxoplasma in the cytoplasm of HL-60 cells stimulated to proliferate more rapidly with concentration-dependent modes compared to the control, and vice versa. It is suggested that some mechanisms are activated by the high levels of cAMP in the cytoplasm, which result in the stimulation of Toxoplasma proliferation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3808-3819
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• 2010

This study was performed to determine the levels of quality of life(QOL) according to the grade of long-term care service in the elderly people who were judged from long-term care insurance, and to reveal its association with related variables. The interviews were made to 958 elderlies in urban and rural areas from March 1 to May 31, 2009. The mean scores of QOL among all subjects were $55.4{\pm}15.62$(Grade I; $49.7{\pm}14.17$, Grade II; $56.8{\pm}14.62$, Grade III; $59.4{\pm}16.36$), and they were lower according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. The multiple regression analysis was used to reveal the explanatory powers of factors influencing on the level QOL. Such factors as educational level, monthly income, subjective health status, depression and MMSE-K were shown to affect their QOL in Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III with explanatory powers of 45~62%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.448-457
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• 1993

Deterioration of fish muscle is known to occur more quickly in the dark fleshed fish than in the white fleshed fish, causing by their high intestinal proteolytic activity. Muscle degradation which suffer post-mortem autoproteolysis is affected by trypsin with its unique activation function towards other enzymes. To compare physicochemical and enzymatic properties for the trypsins of the dark fleshed fish, trypsins from the viscera of anchovy (Engraulis japonica), and the pyloric caeca of mackerel (Scomber japonicus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, benzamidine-Sepharose 6B, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and Sephadex G-75 chromatography Two trypsins from mackerel (designated mackerel trypsin A and mackerel trypsin B), and one each from anchovy, yellowfin tuna and albacore were isolated as electrophoretical homogeneity, The purities of anchovy trypsin, mackerel trypsin A and B, yellowfin tuna trypsin, and albacore trypsin increased to 78.1, 4.8, 9.3, 120, and 160-fold, respectively, compared to crude enzyme solutions. Molecular weights of the trypsins from the dark fleshed fish estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis were ranged from 22kDa to 26kDa. The trypsins contained higher amount of glycine, serine and aspartic acid, and less amount of tryptophan, methionine, lysine and tyrosine. Optimal conditions for amidotici reactions of the enzymes were pH 8.0 and 45$^{\circ}C$ for anchovy trypsin, pH 8.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$ for mackerel trypsin A and B, pH 9.0 and 55$^{\circ}C$ for yellowfin tuna trypsin, and pH 9.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$ for albacore trypsin. It was supposed that the habitat temperature of the dark fleshed fish is slightly connected with the optimal reaction temperature of the trypsins of the fish.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.127-143
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• 1996

Advanced countries are very active in deploying the National Information I infrastructure which provides universal service to promise fruitful quality of futuree life. Even in the distributed environment, we can closely converse, work together, and share information in a very convenient way. This is actually enabled with the help of groupware technology, which are currently focused and researched in a larger popularity. The aim of this study is to design a portable pack for group communications management to support the development of groupware application. In the paper we begin with technical survey, continue to build our own model for group communications man agement, and design its architecture and procedure. We also suggest group addressing mechanism under Internet environment such as how to create IP multicast address and IP port number dynamically and as a globally unique value for the communication session, with the help of the hierarchical and distributed address managers. We also indicate the reliable data transmission services to remedy the unreliable feature of the UDP multicast services, and finally the architecture/ applied to support the practical applications is briefly discussed for verification of the designed concept.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

In 20th century, that is the times of mass production with mass consumption, a company supplies standard product by the system of mass production line. Therefore, the company, itself, had to introduce its product quality to the customers. It was the buying criterion of consumer against product. In that period, a company utilized its identity in order to give customers product information such as product value, price and quality, etc. However, as digital technology with the wide-spread of informationalization & technical revolution is developed, products have diversification and customers have better incomes. So, buying method tends to thi purchase of self-satisfaction generally. In the buying criterion of consumerbased on personality & sensibility, a company must offer the buying criterion of product which can appeal the special quality & image of product itself to customers, and it must stop appealing the Cl of company under the condition of mass production by product quality and function. This study tried to focus on the method which can create effective brand and its image that are the buying criterion of new product. Also, this study tried to find the effective relation between economical & social paradigm which is the result of social informationalization with intensive knowledge, and buying determination of customer, And, this study tried to present guideline of effective brand image and brand special Quality that is affected to buying determination of customers together. The model of Positive analysis had two types. The first model studied the mutual relation between economical/social change factors and special quality of brand. And, the second model studied the mutual relation between the cause of special quality of brand and formation of brand image through regression analysis. Therefore, the construction of sensitive brand image for forming brand must be requested. The sensitive brand image is highly related to preference of sensibility, and it must be based on mind identity & visual identity. And, mind identity must have creation of value, satisfaction, combination of community, personal preference, etc. Visual identity must have esthetic order, and originality of molding, etc. Namely, brand image must form the accommodation of era change, personality & sensibility satisfaction, the effectiveness of service, etc., in order to create effective brand image.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2002

Detection of protozoan parasites Perkinsus sp. and P. atlanticus was developed in this study using a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose the presence of those organisms that causes extensive mortalities of marine shellfishes. The PCR was conducted together with fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) method and 2 M NaOH lysis method. For the test, Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, were collected from four coastal locations in Korea including Wando Island, Gimnyeong, Sungsan and Sogwipo in Jeju. In addition, trophozites of Perkinsus sp. cultivated in vitro and the granular ark clam, Tegillarca granosa, taken from Gangjin on the south coast of Korea, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Expected DNA bands were detected in the samples from Wando Island, Sungsan and the in vitro cultured Perkinsus sp. when the probes specific for the genus Perkinsus and P. atlanticus were used. The samples were also positively diagnosed by the FTM and 2 M NaOH methods. In contrast, the Manila clams from Gimnyeong and Sogwipo, and the granular arks clams from Gangjin showed no detectable signs of infection with the PCR, the FTM method and the 2 M NaOH lysis method. On the other hand, being amplified by p. atlanticus specific primer, it is suggested that the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. found in the Korean Manila clam is P. atlanticus. Finally the PCR- based assay developed in the present study can be used in detection of Perkinsus infection and discrimination of Peykinsus species in quarantine stations or laboratories due to the high sensitivity and specificity as well as its rapid detection.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to suggest efficient method for development of learner's self-directed learning ability through literature review on self-directed learning, component of self-directed learning, development of self-directed learning ability, design education steps adopting problem based learning and project based learning. This study was conducted through literature review on self-directed learning and development of self-directed learning, design education. Design education and project based learning process and problem based learning to extract the items that are common to bring out five steps, and differences in levels of learners based on self-learning led to Grow(1991) model to connect the lessons of 9 steps present the design education steps, that is, the learners ready for learning, the definition of problem and recognition of necessity, team building, related data collection, team learning about real problem with the teacher, select optimal solution, student-centered discussion, models and product creation, testing and evaluation, complement.