• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2002

스크램 제트 엔진의 설계에서 초음속으로 유입된 공기의 짧은 잔류시간으로 인한 연료-공기의 혼합은 가장 중요하며 해결하기 힘든 문제이다. 전헝적인 비행 조건에서 흡입 공기가 극초음속 비행기 엔진 내에서 잔류하는 시간의 단위는 1 ms 정도이어서 짧은 시간 동안 연료와 공기는 효율적으로 혼합되어야 하며, 최대의 추진력을 얻기 위하여 과도한 공력저항없이 연소 가능한 연료-공기 혼합기를 생성시킬 수 있는 효율적인 연료-공기의 혼합 방법이 요구된다. 현재까지 가장 많이 연구되어 온 혼합 방법은 엔진 입구로 들어오는 공기 유동에 수직 방향으로 연료를 분사하는 것으로 이 방법은 연료 유동 방향과 공기 유동 방향이 수직이기 때문에 추력 손실이 생기는 단점을 갖고 있지만, 초음속으로 유입되는 공기에 수직으로 연료를 분사하게되면 분사 위치 앞에 궁형 충격파가 생겨서 감속되어 유동이 회전하는 재순환영역이 생기고 연료의 혼합이 잘 이루어지는 장점이 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.64-71
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• 1985

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2015

Using the Vehicle Modeling Function, which can model various 3D nose shapes, nose shape optimization is performed to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the KTX Sancheon. 2D characteristic shapes of the KTX Sancheon nose were extracted and a base model of the KTX Sancheon was constructed for design optimization using the Vehicle Modeling Function. The design space was constructed with the base model and does not violate the shape constraints of commercial trains. Through nose shape optimization with the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm, the aerodynamic drag of the optimized shape was reduced by 6% compared to that of the base model. The longer nose and sharper edge of the optimized shape weaken the vortices behind the last car and can reduce the aerodynamic drag.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.625-628
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• 2008

This study is performed to evaluate the carbonation resistance by measuring carbonation penetration depth and diffusion equivalent air layer thickness for 3 types of repair materials and 2 types of surface protection materials. Diffusion equivalent air layer thickness($S_D$) is thickness of a static air layer that possesses, under the same conditions, the same carbon dioxide permeability as the coating in accordance BS EN 1062-6. There is a significant advantage that continuous test is possible because it does not destroy the specimen. From experiment results, it is concluded that determination of carbon dioxide permeability is effective to evaluate for surface coating materials.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2000

Objectives: The sensitivity and accuracy of thermistor airflow signal has been debated. The purposes of this study were to compare apnea-hypopnea index(AHI) detected from a conventional thermistor signal and a nasal pressure transducer of airflow(NPT), to evaluate the value of NPT for the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome(UARS), and to measure airway pressure fluctuations which produced respiratory arousals in UARS by naso-oro-esophageal manometer catheter. The subjects were 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [mild(540), 10), and 6 UARS patients. Airway resistance arousal in this study was defined as arousals which were not associated with apnea or hypopnea of thermistor signal, but showed significant decrease of nasal airflow pressure just before arousal and a prompt recovery of nasal airflow pressure after arousal. The airway pressure fluctuations were measured during 260 airway resistance arousals observed in 10 patients with OSAS, 2 with UARS. Results: Mean AHIs of patients with OSAS were 33.4 by thermistor and 48.4 by NPT. The AHIs of mild, moderate and severe OSAS groups were 10.2, 32.1, 65.4 respectively by thermistor and 23.1, 45.9, 76.4 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with UARS was 3.2 by thermistor and 10.8 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with nonspecific arousals was 2.7 by thermistor and 4.4 by NPT. The mean airway pressure changes during respiratory arousals of different groups were $8.7\;cmH_2O$ in mild OSAS, $11.4\;cmH_2O$ in moderate OSAS, $24.7\;cmH_2O$ in severe OSAS and $6.6\;cmH_2O$ in UARS. Conclusion: The nasal pressure transducer of airflow was more sensitive and accurate for assessing respiratory disturbances of patients with OSAS and was extremely helpful for the diagnosis of UARS without esophageal pressure monitoring. From the results, we would like to propose carefully the NPT diagnostic criteria for sleep disordered breathing as follows: NPT-AHI 5-15 $\rightarrow$ UARS, 15-35 $\rightarrow$ mild OSAS, 35-55 $\rightarrow$ moderate OSAS and >55 $\rightarrow$ severe OSAS.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.375-383
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• 2016

High-speed trains have been developed widely in many countries in order to transport a large quantity of people and commodities rapidly. When a high speed train enters a tunnel, aerodynamic resistance is generated suddenly. This resistance causes micro pressure wave and discomfort to passengers. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate a pressure relief system in a tunnel and streamlined shape of a train in order to reduce aerodynamic resistance caused by a high-speed train. Additionally, the cross-sectional area of a tunnel should be carefully determined to reduce discomfort of passengers. A pressure relief duct and a vertical shaft are representative measures in a tunnel. This study represents the effect of pressure relief ducts in order to alleviate pressure changes within a time period in a tunnel. One-dimensional network numerical simulations were carried out in order to estimate the effect of pressure relief systems.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 1999

Composite air electrodes of 50/50 vol% LSM- YSZ where LSM =$\textrm{La}_{1-x}\textrm{Sr}_{x}\textrm{MnO}_{3}$(0$\leq$x$\leq$0.5) were prepared by colloidal deposition technique. The electrodes were then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and studied by ac impedance spectroscopy in order to improve the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Reproducible impedance spectra were confirmed by using the improved cell, consisting of LSM- YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ. These spectra were a strong function of operating temperature and the stable conditions for the cells were typically reached at $900^{\circ}C$. The typical spectra measured for an air//air cell at $900^{\circ}C$ were composed of two arcs. Addition of YSZ to the LSM electrode led to a pronounced decrease in cathodic resistivity of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes. Polishing the electrolyte surface to eliminate the influences of surface impurities could further reduce cathode resistivity. The cathodic resistivity of the LSM-YSZ electrodes with catalytic interlayer (Ni or Sr) was much smaller than that of LSM-YSZ electrodes without catalytic interlayer. In addition, the cathodic resistivity of the LSM-YSZ electrodes was a strong function of composition of electrode materials, the electrolyte geometry, and applied current.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was investigated to increase the cell power density at intermediate temperature through control of the cathode structure. The anode-supported SOFC cell were fabricated by wet process, in which the electrolyte of $8mol\%\;Y_2O_3-stabilized\;ZrO_2 (YSZ)$ was coated on the surface of anode support of Ni/YSA and then the cathode was coated. The cathode has two- or three- layered structure composed of $(La_{0.85}Sr_{0.15})_{0.9}MnO_{3-x}(LSM),\;LSM/YS$ composite (LY), and $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_3{LSCF)$ with different thickness. Their single cells with different cathode structures were characterized by measuring the cell performance and ac impedance in the temperature range of 600 to $800^{\circ}C$ in humidified hydrogen with $3\%$ water and air. The cell with $LY\;9{\mu}m/LSM\;9{\mu}m/LSCF\;17{\mu}m$ showed best performance of $590mW/cm^2$, which was attributed to low polarization resistance due to LY and to low interfacial resistance due to LSCF.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1977

"Electrical Properties of Barium Titanates with Addition Sb2O3." PTC BaTiO3 in low resistance at room temperature was prepatred. Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 were doped with a view to improving reproduction. Sb2O3 was doped as impurity in order to control of resistivity of the specimens. The relations between the amount of Sb3O3 and electrical properties wereinvestigated. Of the compositions studied, additions of 3.75mole% Al2O3, 1.25mole% SiO2, 2.25mole% TiO2 and 0.16~0.25wt% Sb2O3 to BaTiC3 was low resistivity in 14-300 ohm-cm.00 ohm-cm.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 1986

냉각탑, 밀폐식냉각탑, 증발식응축기는 증발식냉각기의 분류에 속한다. 열은 증발에 의해 제거되어, 중력에 따라 유하하는 수 film으로 부터 충전물, 또는 밀폐식냉각탑, 증발식응축기의 관군상을 흐르는 공기에 전달된다. 따라서 공기측에서의 열과 물질의 이동프로세스는 기본적으로는 동일하다. 각 형식에서의 차이는 냉각되는 유체측에서의 열저항의 형태가 다르다는 점이다. 이 무저항은 냉각탑에서는 아주 작으나 다른 두 경우에 있어서는 계산상 고려하지 않으면 안된다. 이 논문은 이들 세 형식에 대해 통일된 이론을 적용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주기 위한 것이다. 그러므로 열 및 물질이동저항의 계산을 위한 식에 대해 논의하고 있다. 또한 복잡성을 피하기 위해, Merkel의 근사식을 공기측의 열 및 물질이동계산에 이용하였다.