• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2024

This study presents investigation on the technical characteristics and field cases of the salt cavern storage method for large-scale hydrogen storage. The salt cavern storage method enables effective hydrogen storage compared to other methods due to the low porosity and permeability of the rock salt that constitutes the cavern, which is not likely to leak and requires a small amount of cushion gas for operation. In addition, there is no chemical reaction between rock salt and hydrogen, and multiple injection/withdrawl cycles can be performed making it effective for peak shaving and short-term storage. The salt cavern is formed in three stages: leaching, debrining, and filling, and leakage tests are conducted to ensure stable operation. Field applications are currently performing to meet industrial demand in the surrounding area of four sites in the UK and Texas, USA, and salt cavern operation is being prepared for energy storage in European countries such as Germany and France. The investigated results in this study can be utilized as a basic guideline for the design of future hydrogen storage projects.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

Nowadays, recycling of recycled aggregates from the waste concrete is seriously demanded for the protection of environment and the shortage of aggregates owing to the large scale construction project. In this study, for the development of polymer composite recycling recycled aggregates from the waste concrete, twenty five specimens of the polymer composite were prepared with the five levels of replacement ratios of recycled aggregates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) and polymer-cement ratios (0,5, 10, 15, 20%), respectively. For the evaluation of the performance of polymer composite specimens, various physical properties such as compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption, hot water resistance, total pore volume and porosity were investigated. As a result, physical properties of polymer composite were remarkably improved with an increase of polymer cement ratios, but greatly decreased with the replacement ratios of recycled aggregates.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2001

Geological and geophysical surveys were performed to examined the cause of the rock-mass slide occurred at the opening site of the Wanglim tunnel of the Seoul-Pusan High Speed Railway. The results of geophygical survey and geometrical analysis for the geological structures indicate that the rock-mass slide was triggered by the heavy rainfall which increases the groundwater level and results in high pore pressure in the N60$^{\circ}$ E-trending major fractured zone of the slope, and that the foliation dipping toward the vertical open face of the slope acted as a main sliding plane during movement.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2020

Geological CO₂ sequestration is a global warming response technology to limit atmospheric emissions by injecting CO₂ captured on a large scale into deep geological formations. The presented results concern mineralogical and hydrogeological investigations (FE-SEM, XRD, XRF, and MICP) of mudstone samples from drilling cores of the Pohang basin, which is the research area for the first demonstration-scale CO₂ storage project in Korea. They aim to identify the mineral properties of the mudstone constituting the caprock and to quantitatively evaluate the hydrogeologic sealing capacity that directly affects the stability and reliability of geological CO₂ storage. Mineralogical analysis showed that the mudstone samples are mainly composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and a small amount of pyrite, calcite, clay minerals, etc. Mercury intrusion capillary pressure analysis also showed that the samples generally had uniform particle configurations and pore distribution and there was no distinct correlation between the estimated porosity and air permeability. The allowable CO₂ column heights based on the estimated pore-entry pressures and breakthrough pressures were found to be significantly higher than the thickness of the targeting CO₂ injection layer. These results showed that the mudstone layers in the Yeongil group, Pohang basin, Korea have sufficient sealing capacity to suppress the leakage of CO₂ injected during the demonstration-scale CO₂ storage project. It should be noticed, however, that the applicability of results and analyses in this study is limited by the lack of available samples. For rigorous assessment of the sealing efficiency for geological CO₂ storage operations, significant efforts on collection and multi-aspect evaluation for core samples over entire caprock formations should be accompanied.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

This study analyzed for hydrodynamic dispersion characteristics of multi-soil layer (Silt and clay, Find sand, Coarse sand), data of a field tracer test on the multi-soil layer and data of laboratory column experiments on the samples on each soil layers. Through the analysis of permeability and flow, MS (Silt and clay) and FS (Fine sand), which were low effective porosity, were higher average linear velocity while CS (Coarse sand), which was high effective porosity, was higher hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity function based on average soil particle diameter was assumed Y=$3.49{\times}10^{-8}e^{15320x}$ and coefficient of determination was 0.90. Average linear velocity function based on average soil particle diameter was assumed Y=$1.88{\times}10^{-7}e^{11459x}$ and coefficient of determination was 0.81. Longitudinal dispersivity function based on average soil particle diameter was Y = 0.00256$e^{5971x}$ and coefficient of determination was 0.98. According to the linear regression analysis of average linear velocity and longitudinal dispersivity, assumed function was Y = 21.7527x + 0.0063, and coefficient of determination was 0.9979. The ratio of field scale/laboratory scale was 54.09, it exhibited scale-dependent effect of hydrodynamic dispersion. Field longitudinal dispersivity (1.39m) was 7.47 times as higher than longitudinal dispersivity estimated by the methods of Xu and Eckstein (1995). Hydrodynamic dispersion on CS layer was occurred mainly by diffusion flow in the test aquifer.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.360-365
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to develop nano-pore silica particles and to modify its surface for use as an enzyme immobilization matrix. Sol-gel reaction was used to produce silica particles of various nano pore sizes with hydroxyl groups on their surfaces. The surface was modified with aldehyde that was confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Trypsin was covalently immobilized by reductive amination. Surface density of the immobilized trypsin was ca. $350{\mu}g/m^2$, which was approximately 17- and 35-fold higher than those from the surfaces with hydroxyl and amine group, respectively. About 90% of the initial enzyme activity was maintained after the 12th use of repeated use. When compared with the commercial matrices, the nano-pore silica particle was superior in terms of immobilization yield and specific activity. This study suggests the nano porous silica particles can be used as enzyme immobilization matrix for industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.608-617
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• 2015

This paper synthetically analyzes micrometeorological data and geomorphological features of Doeksan-ri Eoreumgol(ice valley) Yeongdeok-gun in order to investigate occurrence characteristics of the ice valley and a mechanism for freezing in summer. This ice valley is located in the distal end of a talus and intensity of cooling and freezing in summer seems to be related to morphology and dimensions of talus. Cooling in the ice valley is generated by cold air flows that move down to the bottom of talus from high mountains through pores and voids, then debris in talus is supercooled by the cold air. For it forms a stable state in and around voids cold air is stagnating in the lower end of talus. This causes freezing in summer at outpour points. Furthermore humidity condition of external air and vaporization heat is a key factor when freezing.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6B
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

This study sets the goal to improve effectively water quality of stream by complementing the weak points of the gravel contact oxidation process to use the inverted siphon curved channel system in free overfall of serial contact materials. The size of the current system can be diminished by expanding contact time, and the materials' replacement can be made easier when their gap are closed through the filtering boxes of contact materials. This system also has been developed into a construction method in which mixed and serial contact materials can be employed by using just the conventional single contact materials. It was verified the improvement ability of water quality of this system, during the simulation test at Tandong stream in Daejeon. The results of the verification of water quality improvement through several experiments in field were measured as follows : it showed to reduce about the averaged 55~83% higher than 60~75%, the internal planned goal of water quality improvement facilities.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 2010

제주도의 강수량과 지하수위 상승의 관계와 비강수 때의 지하수위의 하강속도를 분석한 결과 제주도 동쪽 지역은 강우가 왔을 때 지하수위의 상승이 높지 않은데 비해 하강속도는 느리며 서쪽 지역은 강우에 의해 지하수위가 많이 상승하나 비가 오지 않으면 수위가 빨리 하강하였다. 제주도의 최대 함양 부피는 강수량이 가장 많았던 2007년 태풍 나리 때 $1.67{\times}10^{10}m^3$로 나타났다. 만약 현재 추산되고 있는 제주도의 함양률 46.1%를 적용한다면 이 때의 함양량은 $0.34{\times}10^9m^2$이며 공극률은 약 5% 정도가 될 것으로 추정된다. 지하수위의 변동은 강수량에 의해 좌우 되는데 2001-2009년간의 평균 변동폭은 5.53m이다. 변동 폭이 많이 오른 때는 대부분 태풍이 지나간 후이며 가장 높은 변동폭은 2007년 9월에 태풍 나리 후의 14.74m이다. 최저의 평균 상승폭이 1m도 되지 않은 경우가 있으며 이럴 경우 심각한 물부족 현상이 나타날 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 강수량과 지하수위 관계를 분석한 결과 지하수를 대규모로 사용할 필요가 있을 때는 동쪽보다 서쪽지역이 유리한 조건을 가지고 있으며, 지하수위 상승폭이 작고 지하수위가 급격하게 낮아질 경우 지하수 사용량을 제한할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.984-991
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• 2008

This paper reports experimental results, demonstrating the feasibility of horseradish peroxidase(HRP) and H$_2$O$_2$ to reduce phenol transport in saturated porous media. A laboratory-scale packed column reactor(ID: 4.1 cm, sand-bed height 12 cm) column was utilized to simulate injection of HRP and H$_2$O$_2$ into an aquifer contaminated with phenol. Effluent concentrations of phenol and polymerization products were monitored before and after enzyme addition under various experimental conditions(enzyme dose: 0$\sim$2 AU/mL, [ionic strength]: 5$\sim$100 mM, pH: 5$\sim$9). The concentration of phenol in the column effluent was found to decrease by nearly 90% in the presence of HRP(2 AU/mL) and H$_2$O$_2$ in the continuous flow system at pH 7 and ionic strength 20 mM. The influent phenol was converted in the system to insoluble precipitate, which deposited in pore spaces. The remains were discharged as soluble oligomers. About 8% of total pore volume in column system was decreased by deposition of polymer produced.