• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 2014

This study was carried out to present raw data on managing the restored urban stream by studying the naturalized plants distributed in Gaeumjeong Stream, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The results were as follows. The numbers of naturalized plants were summarized as 45 taxa including 17 families, 36 genera, 43 species and 2 varieties. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Lactuca sativa. The following summarizes the attributes of the naturalized plants. Most of the plants commonly originated from Europe and North America. The 5 naturalized degree that was widely distributed and had many individual was the most common. Until 1921, after the opening of 1 period was the most common in the introduced period. Section 12 had the highest NI at 41.9%, and the lowest, at 20.5%, in sections 9 and 19 were analyzed. Section 1 had the highest UI at 6.2%, whereas, the lowest, at 2.5%, was calculated in sections 19 and 20. Section 2 showed the highest DI at 16.7%. The first results of the analysis of the causes for the invasion of naturalized plants on the riverside and waterways, and physical factors and maintenance are directly affected. Second, sewage, muddy water and sediment deposits this naturalized plant caused by a chemical factor. Third, it is thought that invasive alien plants are irregular as it happens in biological factor. The proposed management plan naturalized plants, the first, disturbance caused by species management is a young object is removed immediately before flowering scape to eliminate or suppress the propagation of physical methods will be needed. Second, the fact that the national spread of native plant species and planting management does not provide space for the growth is very important. Third, agricultural land is disturbed by agricultural practices by interfering with the action of naturalized plants because the source of the river should be prohibited in agriculture. In the future, if we studied the naturalized plants distributed in restored streams located in Changwon-si, the characteristics of change in the ecosystem impact is expected to be beneficial.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The study was carried out to understand the inhabiting status and biological features of nutria (Myocastor coypus) in the Jeju Island from May, 2013 to August, 2016. Five individuals were captured by traps and two individuals were collected in dead. Of the 7 individuals, those whose bio-information could not be known were excluded to perform autopsy of the rest of them. The results from morphological, cranial and anatomical analyses, it was found that the females achieved sexual maturation but had no breeding experience. An adult male showed similar sizes to those found in the Korean Peninsula. After collecting the 7 individuals in 2013, 1 nutria individual was filmed by the scouting camera in May, 2014 but not captured. The long-term investigation of the research area found no inhibiting individual. It is deemed the nutria was either died of natural death or migrated. In order to establish a proper nutria control, the environmental characteristics of Jeju Island should be considered where indigenous and introduced species coexist in a limited space. Our findings will provide helpful information for understanding biological features of nutria and planning protection program of natural ecosystems of Jeju Island.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2012

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2017

Whereas the demand for development of forested areas covering more than 60% of Korean territory, permission on the forest development has been still given from the perspective of effective land utilization rather than conservation. As the assessment of large forested areas usually focuses more on forest structure, it has its limitation of observing and analyzing the interior change in forest in this way. This study was aimed at computing landscape metrics using a presence vegetation map and FRAGTSTATS 4.2 and analyzing vegetation mosaics. Colonies in native vegetation were classified into a series of major groups and sub-groups based on the native species within the colonies. The colonies were investigated by analyzing a suite of landscape metrics - Core Area, Percentage of Landscape, Number of Patches, Patch Density, Largest Patch Index, Total Edge, Edge Density, Landscape Shape Index, Mean Patch Area, Euclidean Nearest Neighbor. In the Chungnam province major groups and sub-groups of colonies classified based on the proportion of pine and oak species, and pine species was the principal one in terms of distribution area. As for the competition between pines and oaks, while the coverage of pine-centered colonies were three times larger than those of oak-centered ones, pine colonies showed the greater number of patches and therefore higher fragmentation than oaks at the major group level. For the sub-groups, the largest coverage colonies were not only indicated by Pinus densiflora-Quesrcus mongolica colonies among P. densiflora-centered colonies, Q. accutissima colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. accutissima-P. densiflora colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. mongolica colonies among Q. mongolica-centered ones, P. thumbergii colonies among P. thumbergii-centered ones, and Q. serrata-Q. acutissima colonies among Q. serrata-centered ones, but also revealed more severely mosaicked than other smaller colonies. The overall mosaicking degree estimated by landscape metrics was considered useful for monitoring and investigating vegetation. However, in order to develop management strategy based on analyzing the reason for the mosaicking process and anticipating a trend in vegetation succession, it is essential to further study about ecological characteristics of each colony in the vegetation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to estimate the changes of stand structure before and after applying the three different silvicultural treatments such as selection cutting system, two-storied system, and shelterwood system. This study has been conducted in the natural deciduous forests in Pyeongchang of Gangwon Province, Korea. Nine permanent sampling plots of 0.09 ha were established in the forests and each of the three silvicultural treatments was applied to three sampling points. Some tree variables were measured in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments were applied. With these data, stand attributes were estimated in each stand before and after applying the silvicultural treatments. In this study, a competition index was used to analyze the differences among structures of stands managed by three different silvicultural treatments. Hegyi's distance-dependent competition index was estimated and compared to analyze the differences of stand structures among the stands before and after silvicultural treatments. A method using a height angle $50^{\circ}$ from the base of the subject tree was adopted as the selection method of competitor trees. Duncan's multiple range test and t-test were then employed to statistically analyze the difference of stand structure among the stands. The results revealed that competition status among trees in the stand seems to be improved after applying the silvicultural treatments. There are significant differences in the competition index between before and after silvicultural treatments for each stand. According to the evaluation of competition index, it was confirmed that spatial structure of the stands was improved by applying the silvicultural treatments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.270-278
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• 2003

Transparency on the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) is the key issue to enhance the public acceptance for a permanent high level radioactive repository. Traditionally, the study on features, events and processes (FEPs) and associated scenarios has been regarded as the starting point to open the communicative discussion on TSPA such as what to evaluate, how to evaluate and how to translate outcomes into more friendly language that many stakeholders can easily understand and react with. However, in most cases, it has been limited to one way communication, because it is difficult for stakeholders outside the performance assessment field to assess the details on the story of the safety assessment, scenario and technical background of it. Fortunately, the advent of the internet era opens up the possibility of two way communication from the beginning of the performance assessment so that every stakeholder can exchange their keen opinions on the safety issues. To achieve it, KAERI develops the systematic approach from the FEPs to Assessment methods flow chart. All information is integrated into the web based program named FEAS (FEp to Assessment through Scenario development) under development in KAERI. In parallel, two independent systems are also under development the web based QA(Quality Assurance) system and the PA(Performance Assessment) input database. It is ideal to integrate the input data base with the QA system so that every data in the system can checked whenever necessary. Throughout the next phase R&D starting from the year 2003, these three systems will be consolidated into one unified system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

Forest occupied a part of natural ecosystem carries out a role of purifying air, preserving water resource, prevention of the breeding and extermination, recreation areas and etc that preserve and for me one's living environment. In this study, the classification for management of this forest is performed with Landsat TM Image. The classes are decided needle-leaf trees, broad-leaf trees, farming land and grass land, and water. When the TM digital images are classified on computer, water is represented in 7∼13 D.N. of 4th band. But the others is appeared similar mostly specific values so that must be done image processing. When the images compounded 2ed band and 3ed band are processed with ratio of enhancement. Needle-leaf treas is represented in l18∼136 D.N. of 1st band, broad-leaf trees in 72∼91 D.N. of 3ed band, farm land and glass land in 96∼120 of 3ed band. Forest Information is classified with M.L.C, an image classification method. The errors of needle-leaf trees, broad-leaf trees, farm land and grass land, and water are appeared each －7.43, ＋1.89,＋7.58 and －2.04 as compared the digital image with investigation on the scene. Finally, these results are useful for classification of forest vegetation with Landsat TM Image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.370-379
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• 2018

The Korean government announced plans for the International Science Business Belt as a spatial area for promoting the linkage between scientific knowledge and commercialization in 2009. R&D and entrepreneurial activities are essential for the success of the International Science Business Belt. In particular, prioritizing the types of businesses is critical at the cluster establishment stage in that this largely affects the features and development of clusters comprising the International Science Business Belt. This research aims to predict the entry and growth of firms that specialize in four industrial clusters, including Big Science Cluster, Frontier Cluster, ICT Cluster, and Bio-Healthcare Cluster. For this purpose, we employ the Swann & Prevezer's industrial clustering model to identify sectors that affect the establishment and growth of industrial clusters in the International Science Business Belt, focusing on ICT, Bio-Healthcare and Frontier clusters. Data was collected from the 2014 Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) and University Alimi for the ICT cluster, 2014 National Bio Industry Survey and University Alimi for the Bio-Healthcare Cluster, and the 2015 National Nano Convergent Industry Survey and Annual Report of Nano Technology for the Frontier cluster. Empirical results show that the ICT service sector, bio process/equipment sector, and Nano electronic sector promote clustering in other sectors. Based on the analysis results, we discuss several policy implications and strategies that can attract relevant firms for the development of industrial clusters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.613-621
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the changes of stand diversity before and after applying three different silvicultural treatments such as selection cutting system, two-storied system, and shelterwood system. Data were collected in the natural deciduous forests in Pyungchang of Gangwon Province, Korea. Nine permanent sampling plots of 0.09 ha were established in the forests and the each of silvicultural treatments was applied to three sampling plots, respectively. Some tree variables were measured in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments were applied. With these data, stand attributes were estimated in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments. In this study, two different indices related to each of stand diversity indices such as contagion, DBH-difference, height-difference, and mingling were estimated and compared to analyze the differences of stand diversity among the stands before and after silvicultural treatments. As a result, total eight stand diversity indices were used to analyze the differences among structures of stands managed by three different silvicultural treatments. Duncan's multiple range test and t-test were then employed to statistically analyze the difference of stand diversity among the stands. The results revealed that stand structures seem to be improved after applying the silvicultural treatments. There are significant differences in the stand diversity indices between before and after silvicultural treatments for each stand. According to the evaluation of stand diversity indices, it was confirmed that spatial structure of the stands was improved by applying the silvicultural treatments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate the changes of stand structure before and after applying the three different silvicultural treatments such as selection cutting system, two-storied system, and shelterwood system. This study has been conducted in the natural deciduous forests in Pyungchang of Gangwon Province, Korea. Three permanent sampling plots of 0.09 ha were established in the forests and the three silvicultural treatments were applied in 2008. For this study, some tree variables were measured in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments were applied. With these data, stand attributes were estimated in each stand before and after the silvicultural treatments. In this study, four stand structure indices were used to analyze the differences among structures of stands managed by three different silvicultural treatments. Contagion index, DBH-difference index, height-difference index, and mingling index were estimated and compared to analyze the differences of stand structures among the stands before and after silvicultural treatments. Duncan's multiple range test and t-test were then employed to statistically analyze the difference of stand structure among the stands. The results revealed that all of the stand structure indices seem to be increased after applying the silvicultural treatments. There are significant differences in the stand structure indices between before and after silvicultural treatments for each stand. According to the evaluation of stand structure indices, it was confirmed that spatial structure of the stands was improved by applying the silvicultural treatments. For attaining the specific goal of each stand types acquired by different silvicultural treatments, the frequencies and amounts of additional practices should be decided based on the changes of stand structure as time passed.