• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2015

Since changes in land use in urban space cause traffic volume and it is closely related to traffic accidents. Therefore, an analysis on the causes of traffic accidents is judged to be an essential factor to establish the measure to reduce traffic accidents. In this regard, the analysis was conducted on the clustering by using the nearest neighbor indexes with regard to the occurrence frequencies of commercial and residential zone based on traffic accident data of the past five years (2009-2013) with the target of local small-medium sized city, Jinju-si. The analysis results, obtained in this study, are as follows: the occurrence frequency of traffic accidents was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter respectively. The clustering of traffic accident occurrence at nighttime was stronger than at daytime. In addition, terms of the analysis on the clustering of traffic accident according to land use, changes according to the seasons was not significant in commercial areas, while clustering density in winter tended to become significantly lower in residential areas. The analysis results of traffic accident types showed that the side-right angle collision of cars was the highest in frequency occurrence, and widespread in both commercial areas and residential areas. These results can provide us with important information to identify the occurrence pattern of traffic accidents in the structure of urban space, and it is expected that they will be appropriately utilized to establish measures to reduce traffic accidents.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 1998

Health has been seen as a resource necessary for both maintaining oneself and for living in a society pursuing high quality of life. Therefore, the medicare provision takes place of one of the most significant indexes for evaluating the regional welfare level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the locational characteristics of medicare service facilities. For the purpose, the distribution patterns of the medicare resources are analyzed both at the regional and local scales. The medicare resources are concentrated at the Metropolitan Seoul area in the regional scale, and they are also concentrated at the economic core areas in the local scale. Especially, higher level medicare resources, such as the general hospitals and medical specialists, show more concentration at the economic core areas than lower level services. This means that access to opportunities to receive higher level medicare is poorer in a more socially disadvantaged area. Since medicare service facilities are invested and operated by both private and public sectors, whose locational mechanisms are deferent, we analyzed the distribution patterns. Most medicare facilities are invested and managed by private sector in Korea, which is operated by market mechanism. This is related with the fact that the medicare facilities are concentrated at the economic core areas. The proportion of private sector is higher in the Metropolitan Seoul area, and thus this region shows stronger spatial disparity of medicare provision. In general, the medicare service facilities are located in the hierarchical structure, and thus the services levels and facility scales are differentiated by the hierarchy. We examined the hierarchical structure in the medicare service facilities in Korea. The referral medicare system has been applied with the assumption of the three level hierarchical structures in Korea. However, we could not find any distinct hierarchical structure in the scales of the medical service facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.321-355
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• 1993

This paper focuses on the geographical pattern of financial activities in the Korean urban system during 1975-1990, based on the assumption that financial activities can reveal control points in Korea's urban economy. In terms of spatial evolution of financial insitutions, different locational characteristics are revealed among different types of financial institutions, implying the role of urban hierarchy. Financial resources are highly concentrated in the capital region, Seoul and Kyonggi Province. Both centralization trends into the large metropolitan cities and relative declines of medium and small cities within the Korean urban system, have been experienced over the study period. Financial activities sustain relatively stable hierarchical structure in the urban hierarchy. Regarding the financial flows, dominant flow zones centered on major metropolitan cities are identified, clearly showing a prominant role of Seoul in financial flows in the entire urban system.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2010

This study observed distribution of vegetation to confirm change of tundra-taiga boundary. Tundra-taiga boundary is used to observe the transfer of vegetation pattern because it is very sensitive to human activity, natural disturbances and climate change. The circumpolar tundra-taiga boundary could observe reaction about some change. Reaction and confirmation about climate change were definite than other place. This study used Leaf Area Index(LAI) 8-Day data in August from 2000 to 2009 that acquire from Terra satellite MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) sensor and used K$\"{o}$ppen Climate Map, Global Land Cover 2000 for reference data. This study conducted analysis of spatial distribution in low density vegetated areas and inter-annual / zonal analysis for using the long period data of LAI. Change of LAI was confirmed by analysis based on boundary value of LAI in study area. Development of vegetation could be confirmed by area of grown vegetation($730,325km^2$) than area of reduced vegetation ($22,372km^2$) in tundra climate. Also, area was increased with the latitude $64^{\circ}$ N~$66^{\circ}$ N as the center and around the latitude $62^{\circ}$ N through area analysis by latitude. Vegetation of tundra-taiga boundary was general increase from 2000 to 2009. While area of reduced vegetation was a little, area of vegetation growth and development was increased significantly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2237-2244
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• 2013

In this study, physics based K-DRUM(K-water Distributed RUnoff Model) using GIS spatial hydrologic data as input data was developed to account for the temperature variation according to the altitude change considering snow melt and cover. The model was applied for Pakistan Kunhar River Basin($2,500km^2$) to calculate long-term discharge considering snow melt and cover. Time series analysis of the temperature and rainfall data reveals that temperature and rainfall of the river basin differs significantly according to altitude change compared to domestic basin. Thus, applying temperature and altitude lapse rate during generate input data generation. As a result, calculated discharge shows good agreement with observed ones considering snow melt and accumulation characteristic which has the difference of 4,000 meter elevation above sea level. In addition, the simulated discharge strongly showed snow melting effect associated with temperature rise during the summer season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

본 연구는 온라인 게임공간에서 게이머들이 어떻게 서로 다른 가치관과 행동 패턴을 드러내는지를 확인하고 이를 통해 온라인 게임세계의 문화를 이해하고 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 전 세계에서 가장 많은 게이머들이 활동하고 있고, 한국과 일본에서 동시에 서비스되고 있는 온라인 게임인 〈리니지〉의 게이머들을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 '라이프 스타일' 분석틀을 이용해서 이들이 게임공간에서 보이는 행동을 분류하였다. 글 결과 한국과 일본의 리니지 사용자들에게서 거의 유사한 세 가지 라이프스타일 패턴이 추출되었으며 한국과 일본에서 라이프스타일에 따른 행동 패턴이 일관적으로 나타나고 있음을 확인하였다. 도한 한국과 일본의 문화적 차이는 각 라이프스타일 프로파일의 극단성과 분포비율에 의해 반영되는 것으로 확인되었다. 일본의 탈사회적 게이머는 한국의 그것에 비해 더 극단적인 반면 전체 응답자 중에서 차지하는 비율이 적었고 게임 세계에서의 사회 경제적 위치도 낮았으며 한국에서는 비교적 적은 비율을 차지하던 싱글 플레이어 유형이 일본에서는 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일본의 게이머들은 라이프스타일에 상관없이 대부분이 게임 공동체에 가입하는 반면 한국의 게이머들은 라이프스타일에 따라 공동체 참여율이 달랐지만 전체적인 참여율은 일본에 비해 높았다. 이러한 차이는 일본 게임세계에서 공동체 참여는 기본적인 의무인 반면 한국에서는 현실적인 이익과 직결된 활동임을 시사한다. 또한 게임몰입수준은 한국보다 일본의 리니지 게이머들이 높았다. 아시아 각 국에 한국에서 개발한 동일한 온라인 게임이 확산되어 있는 현황을 고려할 때, 온라인 게이머의 라이프스타일 척도는 한국과 일본뿐만 아니라 대만과 중국, 홍콩, 그리고 미국과 같은 리니지 게임이 서비스되는 모든 국가의 문화적 차이를 이해하고 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 의미를 되새기는 것으로 짧은 연구를 시작하겠다. 등은 활성 값이 70% 이상으로 퇴적물 독성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이중나선 DNA 함량은 28.4 % - 49%로 대조군에 비해서 감소가 크다. 대부분의 정점이 대조군의 30% 내외로 정점 간의 차이는 크지는 않다. 그러나 다른 측정자료와 같이 정점 22에서 18%로 최소치를 나타내고, 정점 2, 12에서 20% 내외의 값을 보인다. 종합적으로 볼 때 오염물질의 유입이 크고, 광양제철 인근 정점 들이 모두 다른 정점에 비해서 낮아서, 퇴적물 독성이 높은 정점으로 조사되었다.hiwo의 광합성 능력은 낮은 농도들에서는 대조구와 유사하였으나, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l의 높은 농도에서는 초기에 매우 낮은 광합성 능력을 보이다가 시간이 경과하면서 대조군보다 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 식물플랑크톤이 benso[a]pyrene의 낮은 농도에서 노출될 때는 이 물질을 탄소원으로 사용할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과들은 연안해역에 benso[a]pyrene과 같은 지속성 유기오염물질이 유입되었을 때 내정여부에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집내 종 천이와 일차생산력에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.TEX>5.2개)였으며, 등급별 회수율은 각각 GI(8.5%), GII(13.4%), GIII(43.9%), GIV(34.2%)로 나타났다.ments of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3B
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• pp.243-252
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• 2011

The change of rainfall pattern due to recent climate change increases the occurrence probability of drought in Korea. Unlike other natural disasters, a drought has long duration, extensive area subject to damage, and greater socioeconomic damage than other disasters. In order to evaluate drought severity, meteorological drought indices are mainly used in practice. This study presents a more realistic method to evaluate drought severity considering drought climate factors as well as socioeconomic factors which are vulnerable to disaster. To perform a spatial evaluation of drought risk in Gyeongsang-do, drought risk was defined and analyzed through the hazard index and the vulnerability index. The drought hazard index was spatially assessed using the drought index and GIS. The drought vulnerability index was also spatially assessed using the 5 socioeconomic factors. As a result, the drought risks were compared and used for evaluating regional drought risk considering regional characteristics of Gyeongsang-do.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to research spatial diffusion, a condition for spread of Ailanthus altissima, and conduct flora analysis to provide useful information for management of it. Three research spots where the community dominance value was found to be high and habitat was homogeneous according to a 2010 in-depth species study were selected, and census was conducted using a line-transect method. The diffusion area included 1,435 $m^2$ in Yangpyeong, 1,118 $m^2$ in Gimcheon and 760 $m^2$ in Sancheong, in order of increasing size, and a total of 510 trees were found to be randomly diffused in space. An average of 83.2% of Ailanthus altissima were found to be included in DBH classes I (1.0-3.4 cm) and II (3.5-6.4 cm), showing that young trees were dominant in Ailanthus altissima communities and there was an age diffusion pattern according to degree of disturbance in habitats. A total of 41 families 75 genera and 91 species of flora made up the list, and Therophytes were most widely found in all of the three areas. This shows that habitats in these areas have recently been disturbed. It was evaluated that elimination of roadside population and mountainous area population was necessary to prevent diffusion of Ailanthus altissima.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.100-119
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• 2020

During recent years, the heat environment and particulate matter (PM₁₀) have become serious environmental problems, as increases in heat waves due to rising global temperature interact with weakening atmospheric wind speeds. There exist urban heat islands and urban pollution islands with higher temperatures and air pollution concentrations than other areas. However, few studies have examined these issues together because of a lack of micro-scale data, which can be constructed from spatial data. Today, with the help of satellite images and big data collected by private telecommunication companies, detailed spatial distribution analyses are possible. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the spatial distribution patterns of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands within Busan Metropolitan City and to compare the distributions of the two phenomena. In this study, the land surface temperature of Landsat 8 satellite images, air temperature and particulate matter concentration data derived from a private automated meteorological observation system were gridded in 30m × 30m units, and spatial analysis was performed. Analysis showed that simultaneous zones of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands included some vulnerable residential areas and industrial areas. The political migration areas such as Seo-dong and Bansong-dong, representative vulnerable residential areas in Busan, were included in the co-occurring areas. The areas have a high density of buildings and poor ventilation, most of whose residents are vulnerable to heat waves and air pollution; thus, these areas must be considered first when establishing related policies. In the industrial areas included in the co-occurring areas, concrete or asphalt concrete-based impervious surfaces accounted for an absolute majority, and not only was the proportion of vegetation insufficient, there was also considerable vehicular traffic. A hot-spot analysis examining the reliability of the analysis confirmed that more than 99.96% of the regions corresponded to hot-spot areas at a 99% confidence level.