• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.144-155
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• 2022

The Korea Coast Guard evaluates the risk of major coastal activity places to prevent coastal accidents, and patrols and manages them based on that, but it is not responding properly to the continuously increasing number of coastal accidents. The reason for this is that, despite the gradual expansion of coastal activity places, there is a lack of manpower to manage and supervise them, resulting in blind spots in coastal accident safety management. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to prepare more efficient and effective measures that check and supplement the current coastal safety management system. Coastal accidents show different characteristics of accident causes and places due to differences in the activity characteristics of users according to time. As a result of analyzing coastal accident data (2017~2021), the frequency of daytime accidents is high in the case of sea rock, beach, and offshore, where family leisure activities are frequent. In the case of wharf, tidal flat and bridge, where accidents due to drinking, disorientation, and suicide mainly occur, the frequency of accidents at night is high. In addition, there were more accidents on weekends when the number of users increased compared to weekdays. This trend indicates that the user's temporal activity characteristics must be reflected in the risk assessment of coastal activity places. Therefore, in this study, based on the case of coastal accidents, the characteristics of accidents at coastal activity places according to time were identified, and the criteria were presented for risk evaluation by grading them. It is expected that it will be possible to lay the foundation for reducing coastal accidents by efficiently managing and supervising coastal activity places over time using the presented evaluation criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 2022

Urban parks play the role of providing leisure spaces for people in their everyday life along with serving ecological functions in the city. Although urban parks aim to satisfy the needs of users visiting the park, most urban parks are currently uniformly created and maintained without considering the environmental characteristics based on the needs of users. This study thus analyzed parks that underwent modifications in line with the revised Park Act in 2005. There were 45 parks whose types were legally changed, of which 21 were changed from children's parks to small parks, and 19 were changed to utilize and highlight the themes such as cultural parks and historical parks. Among the parks whose types have changed, the ratio of amenities in cultural and historic parks has increased, while the facility area in small parks has decreased and the green area has increased in its place. As a result of analyzing the changes to the park facility area, it was confirmed that increasing park amenities has a positive effect in pursuing revitalization of use through park maintenance, but has a negative consequence of significantly decreasing green area. It is necessary to reorganize the park type classification system to reflect the park environment and prepare guidelines for a new installation standard by park type to expand the net function of parks in cities and maintain the sustainable ecological environment. Through in-depth discussions on the facilities of park types, it is anticipated that innovative and multilateral research could be conducted to prepare improvement measures tailored to the guidelines of urban park types in years to come.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2022

With rapid advancements taking place in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, human-robot interactions have been garnering increasing attention. Robots are being actively adopted in building systems and facilities. In this study, we developed robot-friendly building certification indicators. Because these indicators were being developed for the first time, we focused only on commercial buildings. We conducted exploratory research using methodologies such as focus group interviews and the analytic hierarchy process. First, the concept of the robot-friendly building was defined through focus group interviews, and the requirements were categorized by the appropriateness of operating facilities and systems and the appropriateness of architectural and robot operating systems and networks. Next, the relative importance of the evaluation items (23 items in total) was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process. Their average score of the marks was 4.4, and the minimum and maximum were 2.0 and 11.3, respectively. This study is significant because we collected the basic data necessary to develop a one-of-its-kind evaluation system for certifying the robot-friendliness of buildings using scientific methods.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

A residential space where a person lives in may change following the flow of time and it has evolved in various shapes through the development process of a city. In particular, after the 1900s when the modern urban planning was first applied in full-scale, the urban environment and residential environment have formed cities through systematic planning. Under the assumption that the level of satisfactory life for urban residents residing in such an urban environment would be influenced mutually with the residential environment and urban environment to carry out this study, and as for the methodology of this study, the questionnaire was implemented with the subject of residents in Seoul City and analysis was implemented for regression analysis through SPSS 20.0 program. The results of the study are shown as follows. First, the relationship of the residential environment and urban environment is classified for convenience, safety and pleasance to have the important implication, and the level of satisfaction for the residential environment is analyzed to show implications with influence on the level of satisfaction for settlement consciousness. Second, the relationship of influence of residential environment on the settlement consciousness with the characteristics of urban environment is statistically noticeable and the stability and pleasance would have the statistically noticeable influence on satisfactory residential environment and the convenience would not render noticeable influence. And, third, under the characteristics of urban environment, convenience does not have direct influence on the settlement consciousness and it is confirmed to influence on the settlement consciousness indirectly only through the satisfaction of variation in the residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.363-384
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• 2024

This study was conducted to examine the user's experiences with the public library in Daejeon using big data analysis, focusing on the text mining technique. To know this, first, the overall evaluation and perception of users about the public library in Daejeon were explored by collecting data on social media. Second, through analysis using online news articles, the pending issues that are being discussed socially were identified. As a result of the analysis, the proportion of users with children was first high. Next, it was found that topics through LDA analysis appeared in four categories: 'cultural event/program', 'data use', 'physical environment and facilities', and 'library service'. Finally, it was confirmed that keywords for the additional construction of libraries and complex cultural spaces and the establishment of a library cooperation system appeared at the core in the news article data. Based on this, it was proposed to build a library in consideration of regional balance and to create a social parenting community network through business agreements with childcare and childcare institutions. This will contribute to identifying the policy and social trends of public libraries in Daejeon and implementing data-based public library operations that reflect local community demands.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.190-211
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to provide the preliminary data for maintenance of old trees of natural monuments and establishing protection projects. Accordingly, growth conditions, location circumstances, environment and protection management were analyzed for old trees at 34 sites in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Tree forms, crown, trunk and trees' health, leaves volume were analyzed in survey sites. As the results, the growth of Picrasma quassioides in Songsadong, Andong-si and Catalpa ovata in Hongwon-ri, Cheongsong-gun were not in good condition, along with other old trees of 6 cities (Quercus variabilis in Susan-ri, Uljin-gun, Juniperus chinensis in Hujeong-ri, Uljin-gun, Pyrus ussuriensis in Ssangjeon-ri, Uljin-gun, Salix glandulosa var. pilosa in Deokchon-ri, Cheongdo-gun, Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis in Hwasan-ri, Mungyeong-si, Pinus densiflora in Daeha-ri, Mungyeong-si). Accoding to these results, protection project and consistent monitoring are necessary. The analysis results of growth conditions per location circumstances showed that the old trees in the small spaces with large traffic of people were in bad condition. Therefore, it is necessary to secure sufficient space and soil improvement for such trees. The analysis results of growth conditions per species showed that Zelkova serrata, Quercus spp., Pinus densiflora are in good condition while Salix koreensis and others, i.e. a singular tree, are in poor condition. Thus, relatively smaller individuals and separately situated trees need careful management in their protection. The analysis results of trunk's growth ratio showed that Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Zelkova serrata are in good condition whereas Juniperus chinensis, Quercus variabilis, Salix koreensis are not. It is a recent trend that tree surgeries are gradually decreasing; there are a number of damaged trees with no maintenance/management, and several sites requiring mend trunks management and cabling, bracing in protection and management projects. Hence, in the future, local government and management organizations should plan for systematic management and establish a protection plan for the natural monument trees. Also, 12 sites were found to be in need to purchase lands in order to secure the growth spaces, and since most of these areas are available for purchase, it is needed to promote a budget and purchase those areas through persuasion of the owner. These areas seems crucial in order to maximize the effect of conservation efforts and budgets for the preservation and restoration of the old trees.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.123-159
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• 2010

Dongyi (Chinese: 東夷; pinyin: $D{\bar{o}}ngy{\acute{i}}$; Wade-Giles: Tung-yi; literally "eastern 'barbarians'") was a collective term for people in eastern China and in the east of China. People referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages. The early Dongyi culture was one of earliest neolithic cultures in China. According to the earliest Chinese record, Zuo Zhuan, the Shang Dynasty was attacked by King Wu of Zhou, while attacking Dongyi, and collapsed afterwards Dongyi culture was one of the oldest neolithic cultures in China. Some Chinese scholars extend the historical use of Dongyi to prehistoric times, according to this belief, the neolithic culture correlates to Houli culture, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture, five evolutionary phases. Deliang He, thinks that Dongyi culture used to be one of the leading cultures in neolithic China. The writing system of Dongyi was one of the oldest writing systems in neolithic China. There are opinions that the 20 pictogram characters discovered in a Dongyi tomb (山東?縣大汶口墓葬) in Shangdong indictates some of the characters found, like "旦, 越, 斤, 皇, 封, 酒, 拍, ?", are still used in Chinese characters. There are also opinions that Dongyi people were the inventor of arrows. Some classic Chinese history records like Zuo Zhuan, Shuowen Jiezi, Classic of Rites, all have some similar records about this. [3][4] The legendary god of archery in Chinese mythology, Houyi, could also be a Dongyi leader. Based on archeology findings, Dongyi people's ancestral worship totem is bird-shaped. In the meantime, The fundamental thing that Koreans should do is to find out Korean identy. Koreans cannot achieve their goals unless they enforce politics economics, educations, etc. in harmony with their own identity. However, some people say that Koreans do not have any dentity on the grounds that there is no Korean traditional thought. This view is, however, absolutely absurd because it is impossible for a nation to exist for oner five thousand years without having it's own native characteristics. The most essential thought in Korean identity is Confucius' In(仁). In is originated from Yi(夷) or Yi-jok(夷族)'s heart. On this account, Confucius' In can be a precious thought to Korean people who have been suffering from many problem caused by the absence of Korean identity. If Korean could understand their original characteristics and if Korean couldrealize that their original characteristics are Confucius' In, then our culture and identity recovery of though may maximize efficiency of country and society development.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.430-440
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• 2000

A series of studies such as geological logging data analysis, detailed geological survey, rock mass evaluation, in-situ and laboratory tests, rock strength and mechanical properties of the rock were concerned. The stability of the slope were carried out inorder to design the pit slope and individual benches using the stereographic projection analysis and numerical methods in Roto Pit of Pasir coal field. The bedding plane was one of the major discontinuities in the Roto Pit and the dip of which is about 60$^{\circ}$ in the northern part and 83$^{\circ}$ in the southern part. The dip of bedding becomes steeper from north to south. The plane and toppling failures are presented in many slopes. In laboratory test the average uniaxial compressive strength of mudstone was 9MPa and that of weak sandstone was 10MPa. In-situ test showed that the rocks of Roto north mining area are mostly weak enough to be classified in grade from R2(weak) to R3(medium strong weak) and the coal is classified in grades from R1(Very weak) to R2(Weak). The detailed stability analysis were carried out on 4 areas of Roto north (east, west, south and north), and 2 areas of Roto south(east and west). In this paper, the minimum factor of safety was set to 1.2 which is a general criterion for open pit mines. Using the stereographic projection analysis and the limit equilibrium method, slope angles were calculated as 30∼36$^{\circ}$ for a factor of safety greater than 1.2. Then these results were re-evaluated by numerical analysis using FLAC. The final slope angles were determined by rational described above. A final slope of 34 degrees can guarantee the stability for the eastern part of the Roto north area, 33 degrees for the western part, 35 degrees for the northern part and 35 degrees for the southern part. For the Roto south area, 36 degrees was suggested for both sides of the pit. Once the pit slope is designed based on the stability analysis and the safety measures, the stability of slope should be checked periodically during the mining operations. Because the slope face will be exposed long time to the rain fall, a study such aspreventive measures against weathering and erosion is highly recommended to be implemented.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the environmental impact of the construction of the Yeongju Dam, located near the upper stream of the Nakdong River, on benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigation was conducted four times from 2015 to 2016 and the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna from the four surveyed sites was compared. After the dam construction, the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species decreased and the species composition ratio of the E.P.T taxa(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) decreased, which favored the previous environment and the large riverbed structure. However, the species composition ratio of the O.C.H taxa (Odonata, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera), which favored the reservoir environment, increased. For the pattern of changes in the functional habitat groups, the proportion of 'Clinger(CL)' taxa decreased and the 'Burrower(BU), Climber(CB), Sprawler(SP), Swimmer(SW)' taxa increased in all surveys after the dam construction. A cluster stability comparison showed that the 'Stability Group II' species of St.2 and St.3 showed a drastic decrease. The average Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index(BMI) of all the survey sites in 2016 was lower than that in 2015. This research confirmed the temporal and spatial changes in the habitat type and community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates resulting from the dam construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.48-64
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• 2008

The aim of this research is to set a systemic Ecological Landscape Planning Model to cope with the destroyed landscape problems which was caused by massive development project and thoughtless development in country areas. The summary of research result are as follows. As a result of analysis on domestic and international literature, there are 60 planning index items which are nature conservation area, landscape conservation area, and build and manage wetland biotope and so on. total number of planning index is 34 after finalizing the physical index items. As a result of on-spot research, all 34 planning index after literature analysis is existing. Also, there are 38 finally-selected index which includes 4 added planning index in the process of research like natural vegetation in frequently-used spot. As a result of importance analysis on detailed planning index, most are above 5 points, which is relatively high. As a result of factor analysis on patterning for the detailed planning index, it was classified with seven elements. The first Ecological Landscape Planning model was set with integrated analysis on result of pattering for the detailed planning index and importance of detailed planning index. Based on first model, to make more systematic landscape, the analysis of MCB was conducted. As a result of MCB analysis according to planning index, it is confirmed that each planning index shows maximum. As a result of importance analysis on the 9 plans keynote, the average importance point was 4.62 for conservation area and 4.54 for enrichment area respectively. By integrating the result of importance analysis on basic aims of the first model, MCB analysis and plans, we set the second Ecological Landscape Planning model. In vertical transition, for example, 'conservation area' showed the importance point above 5.2 for all planning index except setting recreational space. Also, the analysis on parallel structure showed that relation between 'additional improvement, management, and connection' and other planning index is above 5.3 and importance on correlation with 'the part which should be protected from nature and landscape' marked 6.07 which is the highest.