• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

Osteomyelitis means inflammation of the bone marrow. It usually begins in the medullary cavity, involving the cancellous bone; then it extends and spreads to the cortical bone and eventually to the periosteum. The cause is usually thought to be microbiological. But there still are factors that predispose to produce a possible bone infection such as injuries, syphilis, actionomycosis, chronic kidney failure, alcoholism, malnutrition, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of modalities have been directed toward eradicating microbes and improving circulation in the early stage. In the case presented, surgical debridement and IV antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Osteomyelitis in children is mainly affected in the mandible. And in childhood, the mandibular condyle is regarded as an important center of mandibular growth. Therefore, in young patients, osteomyelitis involving this region may cause a restraint of mandibular development, resulting in facial asymmetry. So diagnosis in the early stage is important in child with osteomyelitis. Recently, we have encountered an interesting case of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in 9-year-old boy. So we present the case and review the literature about osteomyelitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.931-936
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Codium Fragile(CF) extract on the collagen content and collagen cross-link content of the connective tissues, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium levels of serum in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized. The fourth group was sham operated. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-oper-ated rats(Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-CON), ovariectomized rats supplemented with CF at 50 mg/kg body wt and 200 mg/kg body wt, respectively The CF were orally administrated at 1mLa day. The ovariectomy caused a decreasing in collagen content in bone, cartilage, skin and lung tissues. However CF groups, supplementation with Codium Fragile extract, increased in collagen contentin bone and cartilage tissues than OVX-CON group. Fyridinoline content in cartilage collagen was de-creased by ovariectomy but supplementation with the CF extracts was similarly increased to Sham. Alkaline phosphatase activity on serum of CF groups decreased than OVX-CON group. These results suggest that CF supplementation prevents post-menopausal bone loss, thus it may be used possibly to improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1350-1356
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• 2005

Osteoporosis that is associated with estrogen deficiency in menopause is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss. Since isoflavone had been reported as a natural substance that minimizes bone loss, we have begun this study to examine the effect of the substance on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Five week-old (n=22) and 25 week-old (n=22) Sprage-Dawley female rats were classified into young (Y) and adult (A) groups. Each group consisted of three subgroups : sham operated group (SH), ovariectomized group (OVX), and isoflavone supplemented group (OVX+ISO 80 mg/kg B.W.). They were fed chow for 9 weeks. The result showed that body weight gain was increased in YOVX in comparison to YSH group, (p<0.05) serum osteocalcin concentration and urinal deoxypyridinoline (DPD) excretion had significantly increased in YOVX more than in YSH group, and significantly decrease in OVX+ISO than in YOVX group (p<0.05). We concluded that soy isoflavones may decrease bone turnover in young rats. However, isoflavone supplement didn't show significant influence on bone metabolism of adult rats.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2009

There are many reports that these implant surface treatments may affect to cellular reaction in the surface of implant. This study was done by installing the 8 type implant with the variable surface treatment, used or developed, in the mandible of the mature dog to evaluate how the method of surface treatment of the implant can affect to the bone healing by analyzing histologically and histomorphometrically and find out bone healing appearance periodically after installing implant. By using the 8 type implants which have the different surface treatment, 72 implants were installed on the mandible of 9 mature dogs, and 3 dogs were sacrificed on every 2, 4, 8 weeks. After making bone fragment by cutting and managing, we analyzed histologically, then compared with BIC(Bone to implant contact) for the histomorphometrical analysis. In the result of histological analysis, there was large amount of bone formation in good state on the adjacent area of implant in the 2 weeks testing group. At 4 weeks, although there was general bone formation, the new bone was separated with the basal bone. At 8 weeks, the new bone became matured and connected tightly to the basal bone. There was no difference in the each surface of 8 implants. In the result of histomorphometrical analysis, 2 weeks group had considerably lower value than 4 and 8 weeks group, and there was no difference between 4 and 8 weeks group. There was no difference in the each surface treatment of implants.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of intratunnel fixation in the tibial side on the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendon at the second look arthroscopy. Materials and Method: From Dec 1999 to May 2005, we arthroscopically reexamined 32 cases who had been done arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendons. Hamstring tendons of all cases were fixed at femoral side with RigidfixTM. At the tibial side hamstring tendons were fixed only Post-tie (Group I) or Post-tie combined with IntrafixTM (Group II). At the time of second look arthroscopy mean age of cases was 30 years and mean duration for second look arthroscopy was 21.3 months. We analyzed the results with IKDC score, KT-1000 arthrometer under anesthesia, Telos stress radiography, tibial tunnel widening on the radiography and second look arthroscopic findings. Results: Group II had more superior than group I at side to side differences with KT-1000 and Telos stress radiograph, IKDC score, but the differences were insignificant. At arthroscopic evaluation, Group ll also had more superior than group I at graft tension and graft appearance, graft synovialization, but the differences were insignificant. Tibial tunnel widening in the knee AP radiograph was 2.3 mm in Group I and 1.7 mm in Group II and the difference was significant. (P=0.042) Conclusions: Additional procedure of tibial intratunnel fixation in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendon significantly prohibited from tibial tunnel widening but clinical results, radiologic joint stability, findings in second look arthroscopy were insignificantly different. We concluded that Post-tie itself induced satisfactory clinical results, joint stability and graft maturation and that tibial tunnel widening did not affect the results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to measure bone age using an artificial intelligence program based on the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method to find out the bone age corresponding to each stage of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3). This study was conducted on 3,118 patients who visited pediatric dentistry at Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital and Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2013 to 2021. The CVM stage was divided into 5 stages according to the classification by Baccetti, and the MP3 stage was divided into 5 stages according to the methods of Hägg and Taranger. Based on the GP method, bone age was evaluated using an artificial intelligence program. The pubertal growth spurt in the CVM stage was CVM II and III. The mean bone age in CVM II was 11.00 ± 1.81 years for males and 10.00 ± 1.49 years for females, and in CVM III, 13.00 ± 1.46 years for males and 12.00 ± 1.44 years for females (p < 0.0001). The pubertal growth spurt in the MP3 stage was MP3 - G stage. The bone age at the MP3 - G stage was 13.14 ± 1.07 years for males and 11.40 ± 1.09 years for females (p < 0.0001). Bone age evaluation using artificial intelligence is worth using in clinical practice, and it is expected that a faster and more accurate diagnosis will be possible.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 1988

This study was made to investigate the effect of testosterone and cyclic-AMP (cAMP) on rat epididymis. Peritoneai injections of testosterone and cAMP to rats were earned out The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and ultrastructural changes of luminal epithelial cells were observed. As a result, the activity of ACP was significanily decreased on the third day, that of ALP on the fifth day and that of LDH on the seventh day respectively in castrated group. In addition, the activities of ACP and ALP were significanily increased when treated with testosterone for 5 days, that of LDH when treated with testosterone for 7 days. In case of cAMP and cAMP - theophylline injection, the activities of ACP and LDH were increased but the range of increase was of no significance. However a significant increase in the activity of ALP was seen on both cases. On electron microscopic examination, gradually deformed Golgi complex, destructed mitochondria and disrupted stereociha were observed in castrated group. In case of testosterone injection, disrupted Golgi complex, mitochondria and stereocilia showed recovery. When cAMP and cAMP-theophylline were injected as an alternative, various cytoplasmic organelles as well as Golgi com- plex were recovered but stereocilia remained unrecovered.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2021

Several factors need to be considered for a successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, such as preoperative planning, operation technique, and postoperative rehabilitation. Graft choice, fixation, preparation method, maturation, incorporation to host bone, and graft tension should also be considered to achieve a good outcome after an ACL reconstruction. Factors to consider when selecting a graft are the graft strength, graft fixation, fixation site healing, and donor site morbidity, as well as the effects of initial strength, size, surface area, and origin of the graft on its potential for weakening during healing. There are two types of graft for an ACL reconstruction, autograft or allograft. Several autografts have been introduced, including the bone-patellar tendon-bone, hamstring tendon, and quadriceps tendon-bone. On the other hand, each has its advantages and disadvantages. The recent increased use of allografts for an ACL reconstruction is the lack of donor site morbidity, decreased surgical time, diminished postoperative pain, and good availability of source. Despite this, there are no reports suggesting that an allograft may have a better long-term outcome than an autograft. Allografts have inherent disadvantages, including a longer and less complete course of incorporation, remodeling, biomechanically inferiority to autograft, the potential risk of an immunogenic reaction and disease transmission. Higher long-term failure rates and poorer graft maturation scores were reported for allografts compared to autografts. An autograft in an ACL reconstruction should remain the gold standard, although the allograft is a reasonable alternative. If adequate length and diameter of autograft can be obtained for an ACL reconstruction, an autograft with adequate graft fixation and postoperative rehabilitation should be chosen instead of an allograft to achieve better results.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.318-331
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• 2021

This study was conducted on the assumption that bone age would be more effective when it comes to physique and physical fitness assessment for adolescents, and the purpose of this study was to identify the differences in physique and physical fitness for students in their adolescence through bone age and chronological age in order to contribute to the well-balanced physique and physical fitness development in adolescents and the health improvement in students. Total 874 adolescents(483 males, 391 females) aged 11~16 were selected as subjects out of the total population of 1100 adolescents aged 6~16 based on the PAPS(Physical Activity Promotion System) and age standards of the TW3 method; and skeletal maturation, which symbolize the indicators of biological maturation, were evaluated by using the TW3(Tanner-Whitehouse 3) method after hand-wrist radiographs, and birth date was used for chronological age. A stadiometer and InBody 270 (Biospace, Korea) were used to measure 2 components in physique. A total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, cardiovascular endurance, balance, agility, were measured as well. A independent samples t-test was conducted for data processing using SPSS 25.0, and the significance level was set at p< .05. The study results are as follows. First, bone age and chronological age used for physique comparison in males aged 11 and 12, height and weight showed significant difference; in males aged 13, weight showed signicant difference. Weight and height in females aged 11, and height in females aged 12 showed significant difference. Second, bone age and chronological age used for physical fitness comparison in males aged 11, muscular strength, power, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference; in males aged 12, muscular strength. power, cardiovascular endurance; in males aged 13, flexibility showed significant difference. Muscular strength, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance in females aged 11, and flexibility in females aged 14 showed significant difference. As a result, this study concluded that in a period of rapid skeletal growth, evaluating physique and physical fitness based on bone age is more accurate than evaluating based on chronological age.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.317-334
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the bone formation, maturation around HA-and titaniumcoated dental implants in dog. 5 hydroxyapatite coated IMZ implants and 5 titanium coated IMZ implants were placed into the previously extracted site in the mandible of 5 adults dogs. All dogs were injected intravenously Tetracycline, Alizalin red S, and Calcein for bone fluorescent labelling, After the experimental period of 16weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and tissue samples around the implants were obtained. Microscopic observations(ligth, polariged and fluorescence microscope), morphometric analysis, line profile with EPMA, and quantitative analysis for Ca,P, and Ti were performed. The results were as follows ; 1. Bone maturations around the implants were relatively lower than those of natural teeth. No significant differences in bone maturation and remodeling patterns were observed between the two implants groups. 2. Calcification of bone surrounding the implants was initiated in 8-11 weeks for HA-coated implants, while it took 11 weeks or more for Ti-coated implants. 3. Bone-to-implants contact ratio of 82.63% was recorded for HA-coated group and 72.25% for titanium coated group, with no significant difference between the two groups. 4. Bone around the implants exhibited reduced quantity of Ca and P in the $100{\mu}m$ region relative to natural teeth, while the rest of the regions showed no statistical differences. No significant differences were found between the two implant groups. 5. There was a separation of HA layer from the implant core and subsequent infiltration of inflammatory cells into the resulting space in the HA-coated implants, and evidences of phagocytosis of HA particles by macrophages. Bone calcification was more rapid around HA-coated implants compared to titanium-coated implants, but HA coated implants did not show any significant differences either in the degree of calcification or the bone-to-implant contact ratio over Ti coated implants. HA coated implants may have complications associated with HA absorption and separation of HA layer from the implant core.