• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2006

The construction of golf courses has had adverse effects on the natural landscape and delicate ecosystem of Korea. Efficiency in planning and design was necessary to minimize the environmental impact of the original construction. However, the ordinal design methods have limited the data processing by the massive scale of the project of golf course development. Conventional design methods did not have a proper tool for alternative plans on pre-estimation of landscape destruction or minimizing of the environmental impact. Therefore, advanced computerized techniques need to be adapted for golf course design to solve the problems concerning the environmental impacts. Geographic information system (GIS) was applied on the process of geographical data input and analysis through the final outputs. Simulation works by the total database management enable the pre-investigation of the design In view of an assessment of environmental impacts. It is also possible to evaluate plans easily and propose the alternatives properly. Precise quantity calculation of engineering works by computer system should be guaranteed scientific, economic, and environmentally-sound.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.178-183
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• 2004

스포츠 조명의 목적은 스포츠 종목의 특성에 맞는 조명방법과 조절을 통해 경기력을 발휘 할 수 있게 조명환경을 조성하는 것이다. 또한 조명 설계를 통해 경기자는 물론, 관중 그리고 T.V. 시청자들에게도 경기 내용의 정확한 시각정보를 전달 할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 골프코스의 KS조도기준을 바탕으로 하여 티잉그라운드, 페어웨이, 그린으로 나누어서 골프코스 조명 모델 설계를 위하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 실시하였으며, 적절한 광원의 선정, 조명 pole의 위치 및 크기 등을 고려하여 조명등의 에이밍 조정으로 양질의 조도분포를 구하였다. 이러한 모델 설계를 토대로 골프장 현장적용 설계안을 제시코자한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between golfer satisfaction and the diverse variables of golf course design and operation from the golfer's point of view. It was intended to reflect the various expectations and desires of golfers regarding golf course design and operation. The study was conducted on 119 golf courses in Korea, and 309 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results are summarized as follows. First, the most influential operational service variables on golfer satisfaction were "appearance of the golf courses", followed by "staff service", and "greens fee". Second, the most influential course design and maintenance factor variables on satisfaction were "course maintenance status", "teeing ground characteristics", and "landscape architecture". Third, based on the results shown in these two areas, a linear regression analysis was conducted to synthetically explain "operational service" variables and "course design and maintenance" variables. As a result, it was found that the explanation power of the synthetic model was 36.5%, and a model appropriateness test was found to be positive. As a result of a regression analysis of the synthetic model affecting golfer satisfaction, the most influential factors were "course maintenance status" followed by "landscape architecture", "tee characteristics", and "staff service". Regarding coefficient values, course maintenance status had an influence of 21.8% followed by landscape architecture at 20%, tee characteristics at 17.7%, and staff service at 15.5%. These results were found to be different from preceding studies that emphasized golf course operational service.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.89-110
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to attempt to interpret golf courses as event-generating spaces with consideration given to the time factor. Through a golf game, a variety of events such as the tee shot, second shot, putt, and hole out are generated. These events have been connected to a series of events after hole out such as birdie, par, bogey and so on. The series of events do not always occur in the same way. They reveal unexpected changes over time. These unexpected changes cause changes in the spatial characteristics and offer unforgettable memories for golfers. Gilles Deleuze mentioned the spatial characteristics as striated space and smooth space. Striated space can be defined as sedentary space. It is distant vision-optical space that has dimensional, metric and centered characteristics, whereas smooth space is defined as nomadic, close vision-haptic space that has directional and acentered characteristics. This study focused on the analysis of spatial characteristics according to striated space and smooth space. Golf courses generally show the characteristics of striated space before beginning the game. As soon as the game begins, however, the golf courses are converted into an event-generating space. The characteristics of striated space are transformed into smooth space, a nomadic space that amplifies the dynamic, changeable, de-scaled and non-metric system. Through the whole game, this transformation is dramatically repeated. On the other hand, the golfer, the subject of the game, senses the phenomenological experience in the process of orientation, center, definition, and domestication.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.179-192
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• 1994

Much attention has been paid recently to environmental destruction by golf course constructions in Koera. An efficiency and up-to-date technology on the planning and design practices has been requested to minimize the environmental impacts. Computerized systems for golf course design in the point of physical conservation of environment were discussed here. Geograpic Information System were applied on the process of geograpical data input and analysis through the final outputs, Simulation works by the total database management make enable to pre-investigate of the design in view of an assessment of environment impacts. It is also possible to evaluate plans easily and propose the alternatives properly. Precise quantity caculation of en-gineering works by computer system should be guarantee scientific, economic, and environme-ntally sound golf course design.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 1999

This study was carried out to survey green system, area, green slope, green turfgrass variety, green section, and particle size of green construction materials, and to investigate and evaluate the characteristics of Design and Construction in Korean golf course green for improving the quality of Korean golf course into that of the international golf course held international tournament. The results were as follows. 1. The greens of 129 Korean golf courses consisted of 2(two) green system and 1(one) green system. 2(two) green system was 50.8%, 1(one) green system was 40.7%, and 1+2 green system was 8.5% of them. 2. In 48 Korean golf courses, the green area of 2(two) green system was mostly 400~$600\m^2$(56.5%) and the green area of 1(one) green system was mostly 600~$800\m^2$(47.8%). In 48 Korean golf courses, 1.5~3% green slope appeared the highest frequency(50.0%) and the next was 3~5%(29.4%). 3. Penncross variety was the highest frequency(71.2%). The next was mixed variety (Penncross+Crenshaw, Penn A-1, Pennlinks, or Penneagle/SR 1020+SR 1019) and the frequency of mixed variety was 7.6%. 4. In 48 Korean golf courses, 70~80cm total thickness of green appeared the highest frequency(36.1%), 10~20cm thickness of green mixed sandy layer appeared the highest frequency(43.6%), and 10~20cm thickness of green coarse sandy layer appeared the highest frequency(55.6%). 0~10cm thickness of green gravel layer appeared the highest frequency(67.6%), 20~30cm thickness of green drain layer appeared the highest frequency(52.8%), and 20~30cm width of green drain layer appeared the highest frequency(44.4%). Below 1mm sand diameter used in green mixed sandy layer appeared the highest frequency(46.2%), below 2mm or over 2mm sand diameter used in green coarse sandy layer appeared the highest frequency(31.4%). 20~40mm coarse gravel diameter used in green gravel layer appeared the highest frequency(43.2%) and 0~20mm fine gravel diameter used in green gravel layer appeared the highest frequency(65.8%). 20~40mm gravel diameter used in green drain layer appeared the highest frequency(64.1%).