• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1980

1. Ginseng field and virgin soils, to which Yakto, washed Yakto, litters (deciduous and coniferous trees) and bone meal were applied, were incubated at 60% of field capacity of the soils to shed light on the production of $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ through mineralization of the organic materials being the nitrogen sources for Korean ginseng. 2. Total nitrogen content mineralized in the soils, to which the following organic materials were applied, was:bone meal>Yakto${\gg}$litter (deciduous trees)> washed Yakto, litter (coniferous trees). The content increased with incubation time in all the virgin and ginseng field soils excepting only the virgin soils applied with washed Yakto and litters of which the contents decreased. A large part of nitrogen mineralized in the virgin and ginseng field soils to which Yakto was applied was nitrate form, while a half ginseng field soils and a considerable part in the other virgin soils was ammonium form in the other treatments. 3. $NH_4-N$ content produced in the virgin and ginseng field soils applied with bone meal increased with the time, while it decreased in the other treatments. And the content in the soils applied with bone meal was very high. 4. $NO_3-N$ content showed a continuous increase during the incubation time in all treatments of ginseng field soils and only in the virgin soil to which Yakto was applied, wherease it showed almost no change in the other treatments of virgin soils. And the content in the soils applied with Yakto was very high. 5. Yakto was expected to supply nitrate enough to meet amounts of nitrogen required by ginseng with different ages and also expected to increase in soil fertility, while bone meal was expected only to supply much nitrogen of which a considerable part was ammonium form.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2003

Unlike in analog display devices, the physical screen resolution in digital devices are fixed from the manufacturing. It is a weak point on digital devices. The screen resolution displayed in digital display devices is varied. Thus, interpolation or decimation of the resolution on the display is needed to make the input pixels equal to the screen resolution., This process is called image scaling. Many researches have been developed to reduce the hardware cost and distortion of the image of image scaling algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a Winscale algorithm. which modifies the scale up/down in continuous domain to the scale up/down in discrete domain. Thus, the algorithm is suitable to digital display devices. Hardware implementation of the image scaler is performed using Verilog XL and chip is fabricated in a 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ Samsung SOG technology. The hardware costs as well as the scalabilities are compared with the conventional image scaling algorithms that are used in other software. This Winscale algorithm is proved more scalable than other image-scaling algorithm, which has similar H/W cost. This image-scaling algorithm can be used in various digital display devices that need image scaling process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1979

1. Nitrogenous compounds of-organic materials as nitrogen sources for Korean ginseng were characterized according to their solubility and chemical forms. 2. The extractable fractionation was as follows : Yakto group : non-extractable N > acid hydrolyzable N > acid nonhydrolyzable N > water sol. N, Litter group : acid hydrolyzable N > non-extractable N > water sol. N > acid non-hydrolyzable N, Bone meal : acid hydrolyzable N > water sol. N > acid non-hydrolyzable N. 3. Nitrogenous compounds in the water sol. fraction were : Yakto group and Litter group : humus N > amino acid N > nitrate N (recognized only in Yakto group) > ammonia N > hexosamine N > amide N, Bone meal : amino acid N > humus N > ammonia N > amide N. And nitrogenous compounds in the acid hydrolyzable fraction were : amino acid N > humus N ${\simeq}$ ammonia N > hexosamine N. 4. Availability was discussed about the major nitrogenous compounds (amino acid, humus and inorganic N) and the solubility.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to develop liquid fertilizer for leaf vegetable using the agricultural by-products such as dry chicken dropping, bone meal, rice bran, soybean oil cake and fish meal. Combination of 50% dry chicken dropping, 30% bone meal and 20% rice bran among several combinations of by-products was selected as materials for liquid fertilizer of head lettuce and cabbage. 50kg of materials with combination selected got mixed to 200ι of water, which kept under room temperature in greenhouse. EC and pH of fertilizer was stabilized after 35 days. On the decrease of bad smell during fermentation, addition of materials such as bioceramics, woody vinegar and active charcoal was not effected. And on rapid fermentation, addition of microorganisms and sugar had a little effect, but decreased the content of inorganic nutrients. Fertigation of liquid fertilizer developed on cabbage by dropping made head weight increased by 0.9kg per plant and nitrate content decreased by 276ppm in comparison with chemical fertilizer which was 3.5kg, and 2,426ppm, respectively. By use of organic liquid fertilizer developed in this experiment, yield of cabbage could be more obtained by 26% than in use of chemical fertilizer and income by 24%.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.382-390
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• 2004

One of the significant natural bioactive materials is demineralized bone particle (DBP) whose has a powerful induce. of new bone growth. In this study, we developed the DBP loaded poly-lactide (PLA) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds for the possibility of the application of the tissue engineered bone. PLA/DBP and PLGA/DBP scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting/salt leaching method and were characterized by porosimeter, scanning electron microscopy. BMSCs were stimulated by osteogenic medium and characterized by histological stained Wright-Giemsa, Alizarin red, von Kossa, and alkaline phosphate activity (ALP). DBP impregnated scaffolds with BMSCs were implanted into the back of athymic nude mouse to observe the effect of DBP on the osteoinduction compared with control scaffolds. It can be observed that the porosity was above $90.2\%$ and the pore size was above 69.1$\mu$m. BMSCs could be differentiated into osteoprogenitor cells as result of wright-giemsa, alizarin red, von Kossa and ALP staining. In in vivo study, we could observed calcification region in PLA/DBP and PLGA/DBP groups, but calcification did not occur almost in control scaffolds. From these results, it seems that DBP as well as BMSCs play an important role for bone induction in PLA/DBP and PLGA/DBP scaffolds.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-226
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• 2010

The pig slurry leachate was dark brown-colored solution that leaches out of woodchip trickling filter. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of pig slurry leachate and byproduct on growth characteristics of leaf lettuce in hydroponics culture. The effects of addition of fish meal, bone meal and crab shell for the growth of leaf lettuce were investigated. Leaf lettuce were grown in each of six combination treatment solutions; slurry leachate, slurry leachate + fish meal, slurry leachate+bone meal, slurry leachate + crab shell and chemical hydroponic solution for lettuce based on EC content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of lettuce. The all of nutrient solution was adjusted 1.5 mS/cm in EC in hydroponics culture. 1. The pH level of leachate of trickling filter was increased and EC decreased gradually during treatment. Pig slurry leachate was low in suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), but rich in potassium (K). 2. The plot of slurry leachate (SL) was lowest in the growth characteristics of lettuce. The leaf length and width of lettuce treated with mixture plot of slurry leachate and fish meal (SL + FM) was higher compared with plot in slurry leachate. The chlorophyll reading was reduced in plot treated with slurry leachate, but that in plot of SL+FM was similar compared with control plot. 3. The fresh weight of lettuce showed lowest in the plot treated with slurry leachate. The addition of fish meal increased the yield of comparing plot of slurry leachate, but plots of bone meal and crab shell addition were not significantly difference. The fresh weight of leaf lettuce in plot of SL+FM was 87% as 400.0g compared with control. In conclusion, the mixture solution of pig slurry leachate and fish meal could be used as a nutrition solution of organic lettuce hydroponics.

• Feed Journal
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• v.2 no.9
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• pp.118-124
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• 2004

유럽의 경우 동물성사료 금지에 따른 단백질 영양소조절은 식물성단백질사료로 대체하여 배합사료를 생산하고 있다(고단백질 사료는 대두박으로 대체). 단백질함량이 높은 육골분 대신 어분으로 대체시 가격이 4파운드 비싼 반면, 식물성으로 대체할 경우 어분에 비해 가격이 저렴하여(톤당 2파운드 상승) 영국의 경우 사료가격이 1.5% 상승(2003년 11월)하여 대두박으로 대체하여 배합사료를 생산하고 있다. (중략)

• Feed Journal
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.58-65
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• 2004

동물성사료는 가축의 도살과 축산물의 부위선별 작업과정에서 식용으로 사용되지 않은 것(동물성잔재물)을 랜더링 처리하면 동물성단백질사료로서 전환이 가능하여 사료원료로 이용되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 동물성잔재물을 이용한 재활용 물질인 육골분을 소에 급여하여 소해면상뇌증(BSE)과 관련성으로 영국 및 유럽 등 여러 국가에서 반추가축에 급여중단 등 가축의 사료로서 이용이 크게 제한되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 특정의 동물성잔재물은 재활용을 금지하고, 소각 후 매립하고 있다. (중략)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

Calcium is one of the essential mineral for the humans due to its crucial physiological functions in the body. Calcium deficiency results in many diseases, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, calcium supplements are available as a functional food. However, most calcium supplements in the market have a limitation due to poor absorption and low bioavailability. Thus, calcium-chelated peptides for improving the absorption rate of calcium have been isolated from foods including porcine meat and bone meal (MBM), and mussel using the enzymatic hydrolysis of their protein. The hydrolysates of food were ultra-filtered in order to obtain small peptides less than 3 kDa and the Ca-binding peptides were isolated via the anion exchange chromatography. The binding activity and concentration of Ca-binding pepetides were determined. In particular, the MBM and mussel protein hydrolysates were fractionated by mono Q and Q-Sepharose, respectively. As a result, among the fractions, the fractions of MBM F2 and mussel F3 showed the highest Ca-binding activity. These results suggest that MBM and mussel protein hydrolysates can be used as calcium supplements.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

True amino acid availability (TAAA) and true metabolizable energy(TME) values of 8 protein feedstuffs were determined by feeding three roosters exactly 30g of each protein feedstuff after 36h of fasting. From each rooster excreta were collected for 36 h. TAAA were significantly(P<0.01) different among protein feedstuffs. TAAA was highest in fish meal(96.1%), followed by corn gluten(91.2%), rapeseed meal(88.8%), soybean meal(88.7%), meat meal(87.2%), canola meal(86.1%), cottonseeed meal(82.6%) and feather meal(82.5%). Available Iysine values obtained by TAAA method were highly correlated(P<0.01) with those obtained by chick bioassay(CBA) and FDNB method. TME was highest in corn gluten(4,011kcal/kg, as fed basis), followed by fish meal(3,906), feather meal(3,098), soybean meal(3,007), meat and bone meal(2,631), canola meal(2,326), cottonseed meal(2,246) and rapeseed meal(2,120).