• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 1995

This paper describes characteristics of a bone conduction telephone which was developed for conductive hearing impaired persons to call without additional devices and results of its performance test. Not only the hearing impaired but also normal hearing persons can use this telephone because we developed a bone conduction vibrator with which they can perceive speech signal using functions of air conductive hearing as well as bone conductive hearing. It also has tone control function compensating hearing losses for the hearing impaired originating from their hearing characteristics, and using this function together with received volume control it has received volume range of 20dB in loudness rating, which is similar effect as what a telephone set with built-in received amplifier has. From results of articulation and intelligibility tests for 19 hearing impaired persons, we can see that if their bone-conduction hearing loss is 61dB or less, they can understand words or sentences and response well with this telephone.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1992.11a
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1992

본 고에서는 후천적인 청각 장애나 노령화 및 산업화에 따라 난청자가 증가하고 있는 현대사회에서 난청자를 위한 통화대책을 강구하고자, 청각과 전화 통화와의 관계, 청력손실의 측정방법, 전화 통화의 입장에서 본 난청의 분류, 청각 장애에 따른 청각 특성에 대해서 총괄하였다. 그리고 난청자가 전화통화를 하고자 할 때 청력손실의 정도와 장애 부위에 따른 통화방법을 고찰하였다. 여기에서는 가벼운 정도의 난청자자인 경우에는 최저 가청한계를 고려한 고음향 출력전화기, 또 난청의 정도가 심한 난청자는 골도 청각을 이용한 골도 전화기가 유용한 통화수단임을 소개하였다. 또한 CCITT 및 외국에서 적극적으로 검토하고 있는 문제로서 , 보청기 착용자가 사회와 접촉하기 위한 수단인 보청기와 전화기와의 결밥 방법을 종합 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1992.06a
• /
• pp.164-167
• /
• 1992

본 고에서는 후천적인 청각 장애나 노령화 및 산업화에 따라 난청자가 증가하고 있는 현대사회에서 난청자를 위한 통화대책을 강구하고자, 청각과 전화 통화와의 관계, 청력손실의 측정방법, 전화통화의 입장에서 본 난청의 분류, 청각 장애에 따른 청각 특성에 대해서 총괄하였다. 그리고 난청자가 전화통화를 하고자 할 때 청력손실의 정도와 장애 부위에 따른 통화방법을 고찰하였다. 여기에서는 가벼운 정도의 난청자인 경우에는 최저 가청한계를 고려한 고음향 출력 전화기, 또 난청의 정도가 심한 난청자는 골도 청각을 이용한 골도 전화기가 유용한 통화수단임을 소개하였다. 또한 CCITT 및 외국에서 적극적으로 검토하고 있는 문제로서, 보청기 착용자가 사회와 접촉하기 위한 수단인 보청기와 전화기의 결합 방법을 종합 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.613-617
• /
• 2008

One of the important parts on multimedia era is acoustic ones. With increased demand of smallest multimedia products such as personal digital assistant (PDA) and mobile phones, it is necessary to develop acoustic devices which have higher performance and smaller size. Acoustic parts with various function for hearing impaired persons. This paper introduces a bone conduction vibrator (BCV) for hearing impaired persons to use portable acoustic device without additional devices. For vibration analysis of the BCV, electromagnetic, mechanical and their coupling effects are considered for the analysis. This paper shows that the development of design and analysis technique by finite element method (FEM) of BCV.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2007

백고주요외표적골격이측량료인체전 후(後) 측면적골도(側面的骨度), 소이타수립료측량(所以他樹立了測量)"맥도(脈度)"的基礎(적기초). 병차타통과실지해부이요조도인체적실지구조, 저위적시인출이수곡능유지생명적생리학적기초(這爲的是認出以水穀能維持生命的生理學的基礎). 저양과정중백고주목료(這樣過程中伯高注目了), 수곡진입어위(水穀進入於胃), 타통과나리포산어전신, 여하이대소변배제(如何以大小便排除), 타인위상초여하초종상구여하구발출(他認爲上焦與下焦從上口與下口發出). 타우관심(他又關心), 대어오미진입어일양성질적장, 통과영(通過營)·위운행(衛運行), 저화상초(這和上焦)·중초련계(中焦聯系), 이차여하형식운행(而且如何形式運行). 우기백고장천인상응어위기운행적시간론(尤其伯高將天人相應於衛氣運行的時間論), 인차타계량화료위기적운행(因此他計量化了衛氣的運行). 타입족어천인상관론이강구료생리(他立足於天人相關論而講究了生理)·병리(病理)·진단급치료법(診斷及治遼法). 동시타입족어형(同時他立足於形)·기이분법적생명관(氣二分法的生命觀), 분류치병이제정자법(分類治病而制定刺法).

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1978.06a
• /
• pp.8.3-8
• /
• 1978

In normal auditory systems, the difference between the bone conduction thresholds obtained with the test ear opened and occluded in low frequency signals below 1, 000Hz is about 10~25 dB. But no difference in these thresholds suggests the presence of a lesion in the conductive mechanism. Sullivan added the differences in these thresholds at 250Hz, 500Hz and 1,000Hz and called "Occlusion Index". In oder to study the audiological significance, we have measured the occlusion index in 40 ears of normal persons, 20 ears of chronic otitis media patients and 20 ears of sensori-neural hearing impairment patients. We also measured the static compliance in 40 normal ears and observed the correlation with the occlusion index. The results are as follows: 1. Occlusion index was 33. $10\pm10.63dB$ in normal group, $3.10\pm3.03dB$ in chronic otitis media; group, $28.10\pm15.17dB$ in sensori-neural group. 2. Static compliance in normal group was $0.61\pm0.31cc$ (0.22~1.75cc) 3. Occlusion index showed inverse proportion to static compliance.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1993

본 고에서는 청각장애인 및 고령인을 위한 통화대책을 강구하고자, 청각과 전화통화와의 관계, 청각장애 정도와 장애부위에 따른 고출력 전화기, 골도 전화기의 복지형전화기 및 보청기와 전화기와의 결합방법을 종합 검토한다. 또한, 고령인을 위한 전화기로서 자동다디얼이나 수화증폭 등의 기능과 긴급시에 필요한 연락을 가능하게 하는 기능을 가지고 있는 긴급통보 기능의전화기에 관하여 기술한다.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2006

According to the bone-standard measuring, the length between the elbow and the wrist has the span of 1.25 cheoks whereas it has the span of 1.2 cheoks or 1.2 cheoks today, the breadth of the chest has the span of 9.5 chons whereas it has the span of 8 chons today, and the length from celestial pivot to transverse bone has the span of 6.5 chons whereas it has the span of 5 chons, and the length from free rib region to thigh pivot has the span of 6 chons whereas it has the span of 9 chons today. It is said that all of the acupuncture points are correctly prescribed by the bone-standard measuring irrespective of men and women of all ages, fat and lean, and whether large or small in height. This lies at the root of the selecting acupuncture points. The bone standard in Spiritual Pivot and that in common use at present have a little difference and the bone standard of today is based upon A-B Classic. Spiritual Pivot named as Acupuncture Classic was in good preservation until the mid-eleventh century, but the book lost a lot in contents was the incomplete edition. In the 8th year of the king Cheoljong's reign of the North Song Dynasty in 1093, though the nine-volume Spiritual Pivot drafted from the Goryo Dynasty was published, the book was wanting in consistency. While on the other, I think that A-B Classic which has been in a state of perfection had a great influence on the healers of the day.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1979.05a
• /
• pp.3.2-3
• /
• 1979

Bone conduction loss is one of the most common complication in chronic otitis media, and is mostly high frequency loss. Of 233 tympanomastoidectomy ears, 187 ears were considered eligible for this study. A histopathological change was examined in the natural otitis media of guinea pigs. It is our intention to analyze the pattern of bone conduction loss in chronic otitis media, and to correlate this findings with clinical and pathological changes in human and animal otitis media. l) In unilateral cases, a significant difference in bone conduction threshold was observed between normal and diseased ears, and between each frequency with significant interaction between 2KHz and 4KHz (p 0.01). 2) Using one way analysis of variance, mean bone conduction was compared with the duration of disease. We observed a significant difference (p 0.05) between each group of duration, except between 11-15 and 15-20 years group. 3) A comparison of bone conduction between stapes loss group and intact stapes group revealed significant t ratio (p 0.01) at each frequency. The effect of stapes loss on each frequency was evaluated, using one way analysis of variance. there were significant difference(p 0.05) between 250Hz and 500Hz. and between 2KHz and 4KHz. 4) A comparison of bone conduction between round window obliteration and nonobliteration group revealed significant t ratio (p 0.01) at each frequency. Using one way analysis of variance. the effect of round window obliteration was evaluated in each frequency. We observed significant difference (p 0.05) between 250Hz and 500Hz. and between 2KHz and 4KHz. 5) A comparison of bone conduction between cholesteatoma and non -cholesteatoma group revealed significant t ratio (p 0.01) only in 2KHz and 4KHz. No significant differency was observed in mean bone conduction. 6) In a histopathological study of natural otitis media in guinea pig, we observed inflammatory infiltration of the round window membrane, serofibrinous precipitate in the scala tympani, and degeneration of the organ of Corti most significant near the basal turn. These changes would explain high tone bone conduction loss in the process of chronic otitis media.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1987

A plane buoyant jet discharged vertically upward into a crossflow is analyzed by numerical solution of the governing equations of continuity, momentum and constituent transport. The turbulent transport is modelled by the Prandtl's mixing length theory. In the numerical solution procedure, the governing equations are transformed by stream function and vorticity transport, non-dimensionalyzed by discharge velocity, slot width, and parameters representing flow characteristics, and solved by Gauss-Seidel iteration method with successive underrelaxation. The numerical experiments were performed for the region of established flow of buoyant jet in the range of discharge densimetric Froude number of 4 to 32 and in the range of velocity ratio of 8 to 15, which is the ratio of discharge velocity to crossflow velocity. Variations of velocities and temperatures, flow patterns and vorticity patterns of receiving water due to buoyant jet were investigated. Also investigated are the effects of velocity ratio and discharge densimetric Froude number on the trajectories of buoyant jet. Computed are velocities, temperatures and local densimetric Froude numbers along the trajectory of the buoyant jet. Spreading rate and dispersion ratio were analyzed in terms of discharge densimetric Froude number, local densimetric Froude number and distance from the source along the jet trajectory. It was noted that the similarity law holds in both the profiles of velocity and temperatures across the jet trajectory and the integral type analysis of Gaussian distribution is applicable.