• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of cyclic wetting-drying on the self-healing of cementitious materials containing superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were experimentally evaluated. In each cycle, cracked cement paste specimens containing various SAP dosages were exposed to wet conditions for 1 h, during which the capillary water absorption tests and water flow tests were conducted, and then exposed to dry conditions for 47 h. The capillary water absorption test results showed that the sorptivity values of the specimen without SAPs, SAP 0.5%, SAP 1.0%, and SAP 1.5% specimens were decreased by approximately 22.9%, 36.8%, 42.8%, and 46.3%, respectively, after 8 cycles. In addition, the water flow test results showed that the amount of water runoff through the cracks of all cracked specimens gradually decreased over wet/dry cycles, especially the reduction ratio of the amount of water runoff increased with increasing SAP dosage. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of SAPs in cracks by in gress water was con firmed via X-ray computed tomography (CT) analysis. These results indicate that the effective crack width can be reduced as SAPs absorb water and swell, while the water absorbed in SAPs can be released to crack surfaces under dry conditions, further promoting healing product formation. This study demon strates that the in corporation of SAPs can in crease the water tightness of cracks, thereby improving the self-healing efficiency of cementitious materials.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.86-94
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• 2020

When the Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) is added into concrete, the slump decreases rapidly, deteriorating the workability, the internal curing effect can be obtained through the water absorption and discharge process, and the internal voids of the concrete are increased. In this study, the effects of internal curing and voids were evaluated by evaluating the compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, and chloride penetration resistance of SAP-adding concrete that secured workability using a water reducing agent. Also, the internal curing effect of SAP was evaluated by dividing the curing conditions of concrete into water curing and sealed curing. From the result, as the SAP adding ratio increased, the amount of water reducing agent increased, and as for the compressive strength, the SAP adding ratio of 1.5% showed the greatest compressive strength. In particular, in the case of sealed curing showed higher compressive strength than the water curing. It is considered that the compressive strength increased due to the reduction of the effective water-cement ratio and the internal curing effect. Adding 1.0~1.5% of SAP improved the freeze-thaw resistance similar to the case of adding the AE agent, and the addition of more than 1.0% of SAP improved the chloride penetration resistance. The optimal adding ratio of SAP is 1.5%, and the adding ratio of 2.0% or more adversely affects the compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 2020

Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) expands inside concrete by absorbing water and contracts as it discharges water. Through this process, concrete can achieve the internal curing effect, but the space occupied by the expanded SAP remains as a void. In this study, the effects of SAP internal curing and voids were evaluated by evaluating the fundamental properties and chloride penetration resistance of SAP mixed concrete. Also, to evaluate the internal curing effect by SAP, the tests were carried out under water and sealed curing conditions, respectively. From the result, the compressive strength of water curing did not differ significantly according to the mixing ratio of SAP. In the case of sealed curing, however, the compressive strength tended to increase as the mixing ratio of SAP increased. The internal curing effect of sealed curing was considered to have influenced the increase in compressive strength. In the case of the chloride diffusion coefficient, the diffusion coefficient tended to decrease as the mixing ratio of SAP increased. In particular, as the sealed curing is applied, the chloride penetration resistance is further improved due to internal curing effect. If the curing conditions are different, it is considered inappropriate to estimate the chloride penetration resistance by the surface electrical resistivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.10-15
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• 2020

Ultraviolet rays, which have wavelengths smaller than 400 nm, are very harmful to the eyes. Recently, high-energy visible light was also revealed to be harmful to retinal cells. Therefore, polymer eyeglass lenses that can block UV and high-energy visible light are needed for eye health. In this study, high-refractive-index polymer eyeglass lens, n=1.67, were manufactured using the injection-mold method with the m-xylene diisocyanate monomer, 2,3-bis((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-1-propanethiol monomer, benzotriazole UV absorber, release of alkyl phosphoric ester, dye mixture of CI solvent violet 13, and catalyst of dibutyltin dichloride mixture. A multi-layer anti-reflection coating was applied to manufactured polymer eyeglass lenses for both sides using an E-beam evaporation system. The optical properties of the manufactured lenses with the UV and high-energy visible light-blocking function were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. As a result, the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5 wt. % blocked 99% of UV and high-energy visible light shorter than 411 nm. The average transmittance of the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5wt.% was 97.9% in the range of 460 ~ 660 nm for photopic eye sensitivity higher than 10%. Therefore, clear image acquisition in photopic vision is possible.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 1999

The physical properties of polymer concrete were investigated for development of high-performance construction materials. Various specimens of polymer concrete were prepared using unsaturated polyester resin as the polymer-binder with the various dosage of calcium carbonate as microfiller (5~20 wt %) and fine aggregate(10~50 wt %). For the evaluation of the physical properties of polymer concretes, tests such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption test, hot water immersion test, acid resistance test and pore size distribution analysis were conducted. As a result, it is concluded that compressive and flexural strengths of polymer concretes increased up to 4 times than those of conventional cement concrete. Whereas the compressive and flexural strengths of polymer concretes tested after hot water immersion, compared with those of polymer concretes tested before hot water immersion, decreased about 67%, 47%, respectively. By hot water immersion, total pore volume and porosity(%) of polymer concretes were remarkable increased due to decomposition of polymer binder. And also, it is showed that water absorption(%) and weight loss(%) of polymer concrete specimens by acid immersion, compared with those of ordinary portland cement concrete, decreased about 1/100, 1/27, respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2013

In this study, hydrogels with fast swelling and high absorbent properties were prepared using biopolymers approved as a food additive and their swelling properties were characterized. To improve the swelling properties of conventional hydrogels, we formed gas bubbles using a foaming agent in the process of preparing hydrogels and characterized in terms of equilibrium swelling ratio, swelling kinetics and cytotoxicity. In particular, alginate hydrogels observed by a digital microscope have an open-pore channels structure with the sizes of hundreds micrometers. Also, the cell viability of all hydrogels were found to be much higher than that of poly(acrylic acid).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.323-323
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• 2014

기존의 태양전지 기술은 기술 장벽이 매우 낮고 대량 생산을 통한 단가 절감하는 구조를 가지고 있어 대규모 자본을 가진 후발 기업에게 잠식되기 쉽다. 그러나, III-V족 화합물 반도체를 이용한 집광형 고효율 태양전지는 기술 장벽이 매우 높은 기술 집약 산업이므로 독자적인 기술을 확보하게 되면 독점적인 시장을 확보 할 수 있어 미래 고부가 가치 산업으로 적합하다. 특히 III-V족 화합물 반도체 태양전지는 III족 원소(In, Ga, Al)와 V족 원소(As, P)의 조합으로 0.3 eV~2.5 eV까지 밴드갭을 가지는 다양한 박막 제조가 가능하여 다양한 흡수 대역을 가지는 태양전지 제조가 가능하기 때문에 다중 접합 태양전지 제작이 가능하다. 또한 III-V 화합물 반도체는 고온 특성이 우수하여 온도 안정성 및 신뢰성이 우수하고, 또한 집광 시 효율이 상승하는 특성이 있어 고배율 집광형 태양광 발전 시스템에 가장 적합하다. Si 태양전지의 경우 100배 이하의 집광에서 사용하나, III-V 화합물 반도체 태양전지의 경우 500~1000배 정도의 고집광이 가능하다. 이러한 특성으로 III-V 화합물 반도체 태양전지 모듈 가격을 낮출 수 있고, 따라서 Si 태양전지 시스템과 비교하여 발전 단가 면에서 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있다. III-V 화합물 반도체는 다양한 밴드갭 에너지를 가지는 박막 제조가 용이하고, 직접천이(direct bandgap) 구조를 가지고 있어 실리콘에 비해 광 흡수율이 높다. 또한 터널정션(tunnel junction)을 이용하면 광학적 손실과 전기적 소실을 최소화 하면서 다양한 밴드갭을 가지는 태양전지를 직렬 연결이 가능하여 한 번의 박막 증착 공정으로 넓은 흡수대역을 가지며 효율이 높은 다중접합 태양전지 제작이 가능하다. 이에 걸맞게 본연구에서는 화학기상증착장치(MOCVD)를 이용하여 InAsP 나노선을 코어 쉘 구조로 성장하여 태양전지를 제작하였다. P-type Dopant로는 Disilane (Si2H6)을 전구체로 사용하였다. 또한 Benzocyclobutene (BCB) 폴리머를 이용하여 Dielectric을 형성하였고 Sputtering 방법으로 증착한 ZnO을 투명 전극으로 사용하여 나노선 끝부분과 실리콘 기판에 메탈 전극을 형성하였다. 이를 통해 제작한 태양전지는 솔라시뮬레이터로 측정했을때 최고 7%에 달하는 변환효율을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.258-264
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• 2018

In this study, the improved performance of sprayed green soil was evaluated by incorporating functional additives. The optimal mixing ratio of the thickener and super-absorbent polymer, as an additive for moisture supply to the growth of plants within the range of mixing ratios that gives sufficient strength of green soil, was 5% and 1%, respectively. Using Portland cement as a main binder, the pH of the green soil was 9.1. To solve this alkali problem, the mixing proportion was improved so that the pH of the green soil was approximately 7.2 by mixing more than 10% of the chelate resin. The soil conductivity was measured to be 280 ~ 350mS/m under all the mixing conditions. This satisfied the criterion of less than 1000mS/m on the slope surface. As a result of measuring the soil hardness of the green soil prepared under the optimal mixing conditions of functional additives, it satisfied the criteria of 18 ~ 23mm when sprayed under a 1 bar pressure. The rebound rate was less than 15% when spraying green soil on a 75 % slope, and the hardness of the sprayed green soil was more than 18 mm.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.350-357
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate an effect of soil water retention and chinese cabbage growth on application of super water absorbent(CPAM-AS-hyd). In seedling experiments, the CPAM-AS-hyd application rates were 0, 5 and 10kg/10a in bed soil of experimental field. The emergence percentage of chinese cabbage was increased by 9% with application of CPAM-AS-hyd otherwise emergence rates was delayed by 1 day. Water content in soil with CPAM-AS-hyd(10kg/10a) was 27.6%(v/v) at 10days after irrigation and that of control was 20.7%. The CPAM-AS-hyd application caused to alleviate wilting point by 5 days. The content of NO3-N in bed soil was increased with CPAM-AS-hyd application. In the field experiments, as the CPAM-AS-hyd application rates were 5kg/10a and 10kg $10a^{-1}$, the irrigation amounts applied during the growth periods were 1.87 ton, 1.65 ton and 1.53 ton at-0.2bar irrigation frequence and 1.38 ton, 1.25 ton and 1.15 ton at -0.5bar for growth period control, in the CPAM-AS-hyd of 5kg $10a^{-1}$ and CPAM-AS-hyd of 10kg $10a^{-1}$ plot, respectively. The CPAM-AS-hyd application caused to increase yield of chinese cabbage by 9~34% as compared to the control. The contents of $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ in soil were decreased with the CPAM-AS-hyd application in 10 days after transplanting of chinese cabbage, but the contents of those in soil were increased with the CPAM-AS-hyd application as compared to the control in 20 days after transplanting. The T-N, CaO, MgO and $K_2O$ contents in chinese cabbage increased due to the CPAM-AS-hyd application however $P_2O_5$ content was similar to the control.