• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1995

This study of culturing testicular cell types in vitro has potential to be an invaluable tool for assessing the mechanisms of testicular toxicity, especially those of intragonadal interaction and spermatogenesis. Combined with the Sertoli/germ cell cultures, Leydig cells provide comprehensive and detailed information on the action of testicular toxicants at the level of the testis. Sertoli/germ cell were isolated and incubated well in vitro from 20~30 g rats and Leydig cells from 250~300 g rats. The Sertoli cells isolated from the testis of the SD rats grew into monolayer on about the 2nd~3rd day of culture, an appreciable cell increment being observed between the 4th~5th day. The Leydig cells isolated from the testis of the SD rats grew into a monolayer on about the 3rd-4th day of culture, an appreciable cell increment being observed between the 5th-7th day. These results suggest that Sertoli and Leydig cells can be cultured as a male fertility evaluation method alternative to the in vivo/conventional fertility test method and further study for the physio-chemical determination is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.498-503
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• 2023

Nuclear portein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma is a very rare and low-differentiating malignant epithelial tumor that differentiates very aggressively and has poor prognosis. NUT midline carcinoma occurring in the lungs in particular can be confused with other cancers because few cases have been reported in Korea to date and can show various histological forms. Reports of radiology findings are very rare worldwide. Here we report the imaging findings of pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma in a 25-year-old female along with pathological findings.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

Morphometric changes in testicular Sertoli and Leydig cells from hatching to adulthood were studied using Korean native chickens of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 44, 52 and 64 weeks (n=13 chickens per group) of age. The objective of this study was to understand the developmental phase of the Sertoli and Leydig cells with age. Testis of chickens was fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing $2.5\%$ glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using 1 Um sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. The average volume of a testis of 1 week old Korean native chickens was determined as $0.148\;cm^3$ and the parameter increased linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks days $(28.86\;cm^3)$, and did not change from 21 weeks to 64 weeks. The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from $32.6\%$ at week 1 to $92.89\%$ at week 64. The volume density of the interstitium represents $67.4\%$ of the testicular parenchyma at week 1. This proportion progressively diminished during development to reach a value of $7.11\%$ at week 64. The volume density of the Leydig cells decreased almost linearly from 1 week $(4.9\%)$ to 14 weeks $(1.7\%)$ and remained unchanged thereafter. In contrast, the Sertoli cells occupied a volume density of $3.4\%$ at week 1, increased progressively up to 18 weeks of age $(10.79\%)$ and remained unchanged thereafter. The absolute volume of the Leydig and Sertoli cells per testis increased significantly from week 1 to week 21 but did not change significantly from week 24 to week 64. The number of Leydig cells per testis increased almost linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks, remained high and unchanged with advancing age. The number of Sertoli cells per testis increased gradually with age from 1 week to 14 weeks and remained unchanged thereafter.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2006

Changes in the chicken testis from hatching to adulthood were studied in Korean native chickens of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 44, 52 and 64 weeks (n=13 chickens per group) of age. The present study was to investigate in more detail the post-hatching development of testis in Korean native chickens. Testes of chickens were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative(stereological) morphological studies were performed. Sperm production was measured by routine technique. The average volume of a testis of 1 week old Korean native chickens was determined as 0.015 g and the parameter increased linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks days (28.9 g), and did not change from 21 weeks to 64 weeks. The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from 32.6% at week 1 to 92.89% at week 64. The volume density of the interstitium represents 67.4% of the testicular parenchyma at week 1. This proportion progressively diminished during development to reach a value of 7.11% at week 64. Total sperm production per testis increased significantly from 18 weeks to 28 weeks and remained unchanged. Sperm production per 1 g testis increased significantly from 18 weeks to 28 weeks, did not change significantly from 28 weeks to 52 weeks, and declined significantly at 64 weeks of age. The average diameter of the seminiferous tubules gradually increased with age from 1 week $(42.4{\mu}m)$ to 21 weeks $(412.8{\mu}m)$. The length of the seminiferous tubules was 0.34 m at 1 week, increased significantly in subsequent age groups and reached 72.2 m by weeks 64. The stage of germ cell development in seminiferous tubules was classified as 1) spermatogonia $(1\sim8\;weeks)$, 2) spermatogonia and spermatocytes $(10\sim12\;weeks)$, 3) spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids $(14\sim16\;weeks)$, and 4) speramatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa $(18\sim64\;weeks)$. These results clarified the pattern of changes in the testicular development in Korean native chickens from hatching to adulthood as 1) neonatal-prepubertal $(1\sim12\;weeks)$, 2) puberty$(14\sim18\;weeks)$, and adult$(21\sim64\;weeks)$.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.103-105
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• 2003

Scrotal swelling may be acute or chronic, painful or painless. Common causes of scrotal swelling in newborns are hydrocele, inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, testicular tumor, scrotal hematoma, meconium peritonitis and epididymitis. Abrupt onset of a painful scrotal swelling necessitates prompt evaluation. Testicular torsion and incarcerated inguinal hernia require urgent surgical management. We report a case of scrotal swelling caused by a tunica vaginalis abscess in a 20-days-old boy. He was admitted to the hospital due to fever, irritability and left scrotal swelling with local heat, tenderness and redness. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to rule out testicular torsion. On the operative field, congestive erythematous inflammation on the left tunica vaginalis was noted and it was filled with a pus like discharge. The cultured organism was Streptococcus agalactiae(group B). He recovered quickly after debridement and administration of empirical antibiotics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.785-788
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• 2007

Epidural emphysema and pneumoscrotum with subcutaneous emphysema are rare in a child past the neonatal period. Their most common causes are bronchial asthma and respiratory infection. Here, we report an 18-month-old boy who was presented with severe air leak, consisting of epidural emphysema, pneumoscrotum, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumomediastinum, complicated by a bronchial foreign body. The air leak was resolved dramatically after removing the foreign body.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1990

Mesna has been used with ifosfamide to prevent urotoxicity in the treatment of testicular cancers. This drug also protected the toxicities of adriamycin without compromising cytostatic activity. With an idea of radioprotective role of sulfhydryl group of radioprotectors and of mesna decreasing the toxic effect of adriamycin which produces free radicals, mesna and radiation were administered to mice to study the protective effect of this drug and to identify the difference in regenerative capacity of the germ cells in the testis between radiation-treated and both mesna-and radiation-treated groups. The shape and numbers of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules were examined every week after irradiation. In both groups, initial reduction and later recovery in germ cell numbers and shape was observed. The lowest germ cell number was found around three weeks after irradiation. Mean germ cell number of the mesna-treated group was significantly higher than radiation-treated group at all observed periods (p<0.05). More competent regeneration was present in mesna-treated group. These results suggest that mesna protect the testis from radiation injury. Further study will be necessary to identify whether mesna protects other tissues from radiation and it does not hamper tumor control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 2003

Scrotal measurements and semen production records of 19,742 during 7 years from 63 Hanwoo breeding bulls(6${\sim}$7 years of age) were used to determined the relationship between scrotal circumference(SC) and semen production including concentration and total number of sperm. The average of SC is 41.2$\pm$4.54cm; extreme ranges between a low of 34cm to a high of 48cm. Quantity of semen, concentration and total number of sperm are 5.47$\pm$0.89ml/ejaculation, 16.16${\pm}2.78{\times}10^8$/ml and 88.47${\pm}15.24{\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen production(0.14 with quantity of semen and 0.15 with total number of sperm). Reproduction data from 16 breeding bulls produced 1,289 offspring from spring 1993 to spring 2000 to examined relationship between SC and reproduction. Rate of fertility and delivery are 0.80$\pm$0.13 and 0.78$\pm$0.15, respectively. Also, SC is positively correlated with delivery rate(r=0.26) and favorably related to fertility rate(r=0.39). These results, that is, - SC correlates positively with semen production and with reproduction -, suggested that SC should be considered when selecting breeding bull.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effect of deer's antler velvet on the testicular toxicity of rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD ). Thirty male rats were divided into three equal groups. The control group received vehicle (DMSO/acetone/soybean oil mixture) and saline; single dose of 50 $/mu$g/kg body weight TCDD was injected intraperitoneally into the single TCDD-treated and test group. Test group received ethanol extract of antler velvet (EAV) at daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks from one week before TCDD exposure. Decrease in body weight increment was less remarkable in test group compared with that of TCDD-treated group. TCDD-induced decrease in testicular weight, microtubular diameter and Johnson's score, and lesion were significantly alleviated by the treatment of EAV. This result led us to the conclusion that antler velvet can attenuate TCDD-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Ninety-two heads of sire, ranging from 4 to 8 years old, and semen production records of 8,628 from those sire and the performance and carcass traits from 814 heads of those offspring were used to investigate the relationships of scrotal circumference(SC) of Hanwoo sire to semen characteristics and performance, carcass traits of those offspring. Average SC of sire were 38.7 cm. The semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm number at first and second ejaculation were 5.63 mL and 5.32 mL, $17.9{\times}108/mL$ and 15.0${\times}10^8$/mL, and 100.3${\times}10^8$/ ejaculation and 79.4${\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen volume(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.27, P<0.05 ; 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.19, P<0.10), sperm concentration(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.05) and total sperm number(1st $:{\gamma}=0.38$, 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.28, P<0.01). The live weights of those offspring were 49.2, 281.1, 436.3 and 534.4 kg at 6, 12, 18, 22 months old, respectively, and average daily gain(ADG) were 0.81 kg/day. And, carcass weight, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness and marbling score were 313.8 kg, 77.9 cm, 0.62 cm and 2.47, respectively. There were tended to be positive relationships between SC of sire and live weight of 6 months old(${\gamma}$=0.08, P<0.10), 12(${\gamma}$=0.18, P=0.10), 18(${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.10), 22(${\gamma}$=0.20, P<0.10), ADG(${\gamma}$=0.25, P<0.05), carcass weight(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) and longissimus dorsi area(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) of those offspring. However, SC and backfat thickness, marbling score have no significant relationship. This results indicate that SC of sire was related to semen production and the gain weight of those offspring, positively. However, further investigation are needed to confirm the results.