• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 2009

In Korea has been supplied a large quantities of apartments since 1970s. The deteriorated middle-rise apartments of 1970s' have been rebuilt. It isn't lucrative to reconstruct the high-rise Apartment estates of the early 1990s' new towns in the capital area. Therefore the sustainable regeneration strategies of them have to be found. This research have been focused on the social and economical changes based on demography and the turning of technology and paradigm, the cities competitiveness compared with 2nd era new towns, physical deterioration of themselves. In these aspects, high-rise apartment estates in the 1st new towns face to 10 challenges such as an aging society, a multicultural society, U-city, an environmentally-friendly situation, the cities competitiveness of social, conomical and physical environment, the declining of estates, buildings and units. This study analyzed problems of 1st new town apartment estates and suggested regeneration tasks in accordence with those problems. The tasks are as follows. To accommodate the 1st new town apartment estates to social changes, they need to have a variety of community facilities and units, an opportunity of esidents participation. to establish a self-sufficient economy, a community usiness has to be vitalized and an ecological environment, an infrastructure of u-city and an improvement of physical environment obtained.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to determine the deterioration characteristics of high-rise and high-density apartment complexes in 1st period new towns in order to regenerate apartments as sustainable residential environments in Korea. For this purpose, the level of deterioration was evaluated by using 'evaluating indicators of the level of deterioration of high-rise and high-density apartments'. The deterioration characteristics were determined inclusively and concretely based on evaluation results. In addition, the deterioration level according to residents' awareness of the deterioration of their apartment was evaluated. This study was conducted by methods of field data collection, staff interview, field measurement, and resident survey according to the measurement of the evaluating indicators. And the re-organized questionnaire based on the evaluating indicators was utilized for a survey of resident's awareness. The results are as follows: In the physical dimensions of apartments, the deterioration characteristics included deteriorated equipment and a decline in structural performance due to the aging of the apartment, a shortage of parking spaces, and the low flexibility of the bearing wall structure, etc. In terms of the social dimensions, the apartments showed an increase in the number of elderly households, a shortage of community facilities, and a lack of the opportunity for community participation etc. In terms of the economic dimensions, the apartments showed limitations in maintenance & repair and a lack of environmentally friendly features.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period New Town of metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Recently it has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes which have blight problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze actual conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in a view of sustainable regeneration. The contents and methods of this study are as follows. First, the concept of high-rise and high-density in domestic apartment developments were identified through review of literature and the law. Second, development conditions of Bundang new town and 1st period new town were studied. Third, the evelopment conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in cases of 6 apartment complexes were analyzed from points of view of sustainable development by literature review and a field study. The results of this study are as follows. First, high-density range in domestic apartments can be conceptualized as 600 persons/ha. High-rise range in domestic apartments can be onceptualized as more than 11 stories under 30 stories. Second, characteristics and subjects based on actual conditions analysis could suggest on physio-environmental aspect and socio-economic aspect. Major characteristics and subjects of the physio-environmental aspect were 1.satisfaction of convenient facilities and public transportation service, 2.shortage of parking space, 3.uniform & blight of community facilities, 4.uniformed building layout, and 5.uniform pattern of unit plan and low flexibility by the bearing wall structure. And those of the socio-economical aspect were 1.satisfaction of current community, 2.increase and diversity of needs of the elderly by socio-demography change, 3.improvement of size and method of apartment complex development and 4.raising of economic-sufficiency.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period of the New Town project in metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Now It has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes, which have serious deterioration problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this research is to develop the evaluating indicators to measure the level of deterioration of apartments inclusively and practically in order to regenerate apartments as sustainable residential environments. This study is composed of the following four parts; (a) establishing the conceptual model of evaluation of apartment deterioration, (b) selecting evaluation items, (c) constituting evaluation measurement, and（ｄ)weighting evaluation indicators. First, deterioration of apartments was conceptualized by physical. social, and economical aspects in terms of sustainable development and proposed the conceptual model of hierarchy structure of evaluation of apartment deterioration by literature reviews. Second, evaluating items were selected based on literature reviews of existing indicators and preceding studies about apartments of Korea and foreign countries. The evaluating indicators were identified as a total of 77 evaluating items which were composed of three dimensions and 9 attributes on the basis of the conceptual model. They cover comprehensive scope of the apartment such as unit, building, complex, and site. Third, as the measurement, the 5 point ordinal scale measure was suggested. The evaluating measurement including measure standards, measure methods, and measure contents were developed by each evaluating items. Lastly, the weighting of evaluating indicators was analyzed by AHP method conducted by survey on the expert group. Items were identified as high contributors or low contributors. The weighting of these items could suggest several evaluations according to the situation. The evaluation of the level of deterioration can be done by both total evaluation and a specific field of evaluation. In addition, it is easy to grasp deteriorated attributes or dimensions by providing a radar and bar chart showing evaluation results. These evaluating indicators could be a useful tool to grasp actual methods for the regeneration of apartments.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-130
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• 2024

Urban land surface temperature (LST) change is a major environmental factor that affects the thermal comfort, energy consumption, and health of urban residents. Most studies that explored the relationship between LST and urban built-environment form analyzed only midday LST. This study explores the diurnal variation of summertime LST in Seoul using ECOSTRESS data, which observes LST at various times of the day and analyzes whether the LST variation differs by built environment type. Launched in 2018, ECOSTRESS operates in a non-sun-synchronous orbit, observing LST with a high resolution of 70 meters. This study collected data from early morning (6:25) to evening (17:26) from 2019 to 2022 to build time-series LST. Based on greenery, water bodies, and building form data, eight types of Seoul's built environment were derived by hierarchical clustering, and the LST fluctuation characteristics of each cluster were compared. The results showed that the spatial disparity in LST increased after dawn, peaked at noon, and decreased again, highlighting areas with rapid versus stable LST changes. Low-rise and high-rise compact districts experienced fast, high temperature increases and high variability, while low-density apartments experienced moderate LST increases and low variability. These results suggest urban forms that can mitigate rapid daytime heating.

• Korean Architects
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• no.2 s.370
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• pp.43-43
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• 2000

신도시는 수도권 주택문제 해결을 위하여 1980년대부터 건설되어 왔다. 행정기관의 분산정책과 함께 개발된 과천 신도시와, 주택 200만호 건설을 위하여 급조된 분당, 일산 등 신도시들이 건설되면서 건설업계는 한동안 호황과 함께 자재, 인력 부족이라는 몸살을 앓기도 하였다. 고층 고밀 아파트 단지를 중심으로 구성된 신도시는 주택 보급률 향상에는 도움을 주었지만 주거의 질에 대한 문제의 심각성을 부각시키기도 하였다. 또한 가장 빠른 기간에 거대한 신도시 건설은 세계 도시사에 신기록으로 남을 것이다. 그러나 지금은 건설배경이나 건설과정의 어려움을 잊고 이제는 위성도시로 자리잡아 가면서 나름대로의 지역문화를 형성하고 있다. 대부분 수도권에 위치한 신도시의 주민은 수도권 주변에서 떠돌다 모여들었고, 서울을 생활기반으로 삼고 있다. 낯선 곳에 낯선 사람들이 모여 새로운 도시설계 기법으로 설계된 낯선 도시에서 만나 살아가는 그들은 그들 나름대로의 새로운 도시 문화를 구축하고 있다. 그들은 급변하는 우리 현실에서 신도시에 대한 적용을 어떻게 하고 있는가? 신도시, 그곳에도 지역성은 있는가? 각 지역별로 새롭게 형성된 신 문화지형은 어떠한 모습으로 형성되고 있는가? 그리고 그곳에서 새롭게 자라나고 있는 도시건축문화는 무엇인가?라는 의문은 건설후 지금까지 그리고 앞으로 건설이 완성될 때까지, 또 계속 팽창되어 가는 신도시에 던져질 화두이다. 지역건축탐방은 인천을 시작으로 전국을 돌아 이제 신도시와 북한 편으로 마감을 하게되었다. 이 연제를 계기로 지역건축에 대한 이해와 관심이 고조되었고, 또 지역건축에 관심이 있었던 건축사(가)나 학자들의 모임이 활성화 되기도 하였다. 지역성에 대한 문제는 지역주민의 꾸준한 관심에서 출발되고 그 지역을 만들어나가는 건축사(가)들의 의식속에서 자라나게 된다. 또한 지역건축의 활성화는 지역문화형성의 밑거름이 되고 나아가 우리문화의 원천이 될 것이다. 지역성에 대한 문제는 앞으로 더욱 논의가 되어야할 영원한 과제이다. 신도시 편은 1999년 12월호 상편에 이어 이번호에 하편을 게재한다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.12 s.368
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• pp.61-78
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• 1999

신도시는 수도권 주택문제 해결을 위하여 1980년대부터 건설되어 왔다. 행정기관의 분산정책과 함께 개발된 과천 신도시와, 주택 200만호 건설을 위하여 급조된 분당, 일산 등 신도시들이 건설되면서 건설업계는 한동안 호황과 함께 자재, 인력 부족이라는 몸살을 앓기도 하였다. 고층 고밀 아파트 단지를 중심으로 구성된 신도시는 주택 보급률 향상에는 도움을 주었지만 주거의 질에 대한 문제의 심각성을 부각시키기도 하였다. 또한 가장 빠른 기간에 거대한 신도시 건설은 세계 도시사에 신기록으로 남을 것이다. 그러나 지금은 건설배경이나 건설과정의 어려움을 잊고 이제는 위성도시로 자리잡아 가면서 나름대로의 지역문화를 형성하고 있다. 대부분 수도권에 위치한 신도시의 주민은 수도권 주변에서 떠돌다 모여들었고, 서울을 생활기반으로 삼고 있다. 낯선 곳에 낯선 사람들이 모여 새로운 도시설계 기법으로 설계된 낯선 도시에서 만나 살아가는 그들은 그들 나름대로의 새로운 도시 문화를 구축하고 있다. 그들은 급변하는 우리 현실에서 신도시에 대한 적용을 어떻게 하고 있는가? 신도시, 그곳에도 지역성은 있는가? 각 지역별로 새롭게 형성된 신 문화지형은 어떠한 모습으로 형성되고 있는가? 그리고 그곳에서 새롭게 자라나고 있는 도시건축문화는 무엇인가? 라는 의문은 건설 후 지금까지 그리고 앞으로 건설이 완성될 때까지, 또 계속 팽창되어 가는 신도시에 던져질 화두이다. 지역건축탐방은 인천을 시작으로 전국을 돌아 이제 신도시와 북한 편으로 마감을 하게 되었다. 이 연제를 계기로 지역건축에 대한 이해와 관심이 고조되었고, 또 지역건축에 관심이 있었던 건축사(가)나 학자들의 모임이 활성화 되기도 하였다. 지역성에 대한 문제는 지역주민의 꾸준한 관심에서 출발되고 그 지역을 만들어나가는 건축사(가)들의 의식속에서 자라나게 된다. 또한 지역건축의 활성화는 지역문화형성의 밑거름이 되고 나아가 우리문화의 원천이 될 것이다. 지역성에 대한 문제는 앞으로 더욱 논의가 되어야할 영원한 과제이다. 신도시 편은 이번호에 상편을 싣고, 하편은 2000년 2월호에 게제될 예정이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of the building area and find the characteristics of development density where the areas to perform special functions as residential, commercial, and business area in Seoul. As a result of classification of the regions with the component ratio of building area ratio by types, the greater part of Seoul is residential areas and only a small part of Seoul have business function. Contrary to the Kang-Nam business districts, the central business districts have few or no houses. It is concerned that the redevelopment projects, such as New-Town, make Seoul more high- density. The industrial area lost the attractiveness as a resident in spite of businesses or infrastructures. So the industrial area will be the best place for reduce journey-to-work distance if improve housing conditions. As well as management of density, management of use is also required for effective landuse and green-growth city.