• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.83-106
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to explore how men's and women's self-construals do change according to gender-stereotype activation. The results showed that men have stronger gender-stereotypes and construe self more gender-stereotypic way than women. In general, women showed having less gender-stereotype but they construed self more stereotypic way. And the stereotype activation affected only on women to construe self less stereotypic way. Both men and women do accept physical appearance stereotypes more than other domains of gender-stereotype when they construe their selves. Gender-role stereotypes are more accepted by men than women, and gender-stereotypes of ability are more accepted by men but refused by women when stereotype was activated. And men accepted prescriptive gender-stereotype more than women. People of high gender-stereotype group construe self more stereotypic way than those of low stereotype group. But in low gender-stereotype group, women construe self less stereotypic way when stereotype is activated than when not. These results are taken to show, among others, that self-stereotyping of targets were different depending on whether the targets are man or woman, and that self stereotyping of an individual contributes to build a mechanism of maintaining gender-stereotype of a society to which he or she belongs.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.89-111
• /
• 2013

This study set out to investigate factors affecting gender-role stereotype. Data came from National Welfare Panel Study of 2010 and the final sample size were 4,196 women and 3,703 men in Korea. Hierarchical regression analysis was used for the analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the olders, the married and the lower level of income showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. Second, the employed women have more egalitarian gender-role attitudes than the not-employed but the employed men showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. And the more educated women showed more egalitarian gender-role attitudes but men's gender-role attitudes had no difference according to the education level. Third, self-esteem did not affect gender-role attitudes. And limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• no.36
• /
• pp.129-149
• /
• 2008

This study examined gender differences of gender-role stereotype among Korean youth. Specifically, the contribution of youth's individual traits and parental background factors were tested. Data came from Korea Youth Panel Survey 2005. Analysis methods were t-test and regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the boys exhibited higher scorers on gender-role stereotype than the girls. Second, both boys and girls acquired higher masculine gender-role stereotype than feminine. Third, self-esteem, age, and mother's education influenced significantly boys' masculine and feminine gender-role stereotype. And self-esteem, age, mother's education, father's education and family structure influenced significantly girls' masculine and feminine gender-role stereotype, but mother's work status and income level did not. The limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1109-1124
• /
• 2016

We examined the effect of stereotype threat (STT) on spatial working memory and facial emotion recognition in Korean elderly. In addition, we investigated the role of expected moderator such as self-perception of aging. Seventeen seniors (male=7) received basic cognitive tests including K-WMS-IV, MMSE and answered self-report questionnaires including self-perception of aging, anxiety of aging, attitude toward aging and age identity on the first visit. On the second visit, they were exposed to negative stereotype by reading a script detailing cognitive decline related to aging while a control group was exposed to a neutral content. Following the exposure, they were tested on a spatial-working memory task (Corsi-block tapping task) and emotion recognition task (facial expression identification task). The results showed that the seniors exposed to STT showed significantly lower performance on emotion recognition task (p < .05) (i.e., especially on the more difficult facial stimuli). In addition, there was a significant interaction between STT and self-perception of aging (p< .05), indicating that those who have positive self-perception of aging did not show impairment in emotion recognition task and difficult spatial working memory task under STT. On the other hand, those with negative self-perception of aging showed impaired performance under STT. Taken together, the current study suggests that being exposed to STT could negatively influence cognitive and emotional functioning of elderly. Interestingly, having a positive self-perception of aging could protect the underperformance caused by STT.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.751-763
• /
• 2016

In this article, we conducted a literature review about cognitive aging and social-psychological factors that influence cognitive function in old age. As getting older, cognitive function was mostly seen as declining, even though the effect of aging is differential across domains of cognitive ability. The negative view about cognitive aging might be reflecting social-psychological factors such as age stereotypes. Age stereotypes vary among different cultures, but appear to be negative in general. Negative age stereotypes are related to lower level of memory performances. Older adults who were experimentally presented with positive age stereotypes exhibited better memory performances than those with negative age stereotypes. Self-referent belief, appraisals of one's own cognitive abilities, could also affect actual performance in cognitive tasks. Older adults showed lower self-referent belief than younger adults, and it might explain memory decline in old age. Theoretical explanation and implication about the relationship between social-psychological factors and cognitive abilities were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender-stereotype using primed naming task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce person's names which differed in typicality and preference of gender's attributes. The results showed that gender congruent effects was not found, but typicality effects and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce gender's attributes which differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that woman's attributes superiority effects were found, but typicality effects were not. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender stereotype and asymmetrical processing of gender stereotype to priming conditions in the implicit level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.75-91
• /
• 2018

As more and more males are participating in the female dominated nursing profession in Korea, they are facing a number of discriminations such as department assignment on the job because of male gender stereotype. The purpose of this study is to examine hospital workers's gender role identity, gender stereotype, and the relationship between those attitudes and gender prejudice against male nurses. The results showed that the androgynous group had lower gender stereotypes and lower prejudice against male nurses than those of the other groups. Hospital workers had a strong tendency to believe that male nurses should work mainly in special departments such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, operating rooms and they think that the male nurses are not fit for caring patients because of the patients' unfamiliarity with male nurses. Gender stereotypes were positively correlated to prejudice against male nurses. Therefore, hospitals should consider developing a detailed plan to encourage a culture of gender equality by tackling the existing prejudice against male nurses so that male nurses can get the same opportunities as female counterparts in terms of department assignment and job promotion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.464-477
• /
• 2021

This study is about university students' perception of intergenerational communication and its affecting factors. Based on literatures on intergenerational communication, the effect of stereotype on intergenerational satisfaction was testified and the mediating role of intergroup anxiety and the moderating role of communication competence were also analysed. Results showed that the effect of stereotype was mediated by intergroup anxiety, and the paths were different depending on the gender and communication competence. In the case of the male student group and the group with high communication ability, stereotypes affected intergroup anxiety, but intergroup anxiety did not directly affect intergenerational communication satisfaction. On the other hand, in the case of the female student group and the group with low communication skills, intergroup anxiety had significant effect on communication satisfaction. Also, it was found that the content of stereotype had an important effect on intergenerational communication satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Issues
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.9-32
• /
• 2017

이 연구는 동아시아 한중일 3개국을 대상으로, 낮은 출산율을 공통의 특징으로 하면서도 서구 선진사회들에 비해 저출산 문제를 해결하기 위한 일-가정 양립 지원 정책이 미비한 이유를 3개국에서 각기 다른 형태를 보이는 젠더레짐(gender regime) 개념을 통해 탐구하려고 하였다. 연구를 위한 분석대상 자료는 2012년 국제 사회조사(ISSP)의 '가족과 변화하는 젠더 역할 모듈(Family and Changing Gender Roles)'이다. 연구결과, 전통적 성역할 고정관념과 노동시간은 3개국 모두에서 일-가정 양립 갈등과 정적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그런데 전통적 성역할 고정 관념과 노동시간, 연령대를 제외한 모든 영향요인은 한국에서만 차이를 보인 것도 특징이다. 한편 임금과 교육수준이 일-가정 갈등에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는다는 사실은 일-가정 갈등이 전체 사회 구성원들에게 보편적인 문제라는 점을 보여주었다. 연구의 결론에 따라 세 가지 정책 제안을 하였다. 일-가정 양립의 문제가 전통적 성역할 고정관념과 중요하게 연관된다는 점을 확인한 점은 이 연구의 중요한 의의이다. 연구의 역사가 긴 서구사회에 비해 관심의 주변부에 있던 동아시아 국가들 역시 젠더 레짐의 정책적 성격에 따라 분류될 수 있음을 밝힌 것도 의미가 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.214-224
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to establish the social support system for social integration by analyzing the effect of multicultural experiences on multicultural perception and stereotype and the meditating effect of multicultural perception. The research result is summarized as follow : First, multicultural perception is differently influenced according to multicultural experiences. That is, multicultural experiences have found to have the positive effect on multicultural acceptance and the negative effect on rejection about other cultures or prejudice about other cultures. Second, the result which analyzed the effect of multicultural perception on stereotype has found that acceptance about other cultures doesn't have any effect on stereotype. However, it can be found that the prejudice and rejection about other cultures are verified to be the variables which have the positive effect on stereotype. Third, the result which analyzed the direct effect of multicultural experiences on stereotype and the indirect effect through multicultural perception has found that multicultural experiences don't have any direct effect on stereotype, but do have the indirect effect through multicultural perception. With the help of information technology.