• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

In this study, a test-bed system simulated a tunnel and concrete track is tested on cite and invested an allowed limit of multi-layered sound absorbing panel for reducing noise reflected on the concrete track in train tunnel considering the criteria and limitation on the theoretical back ground. The studied results are an effective evaluating system of the sound absorbing coefficient influenced fluid effects depending on the vehicle speed in the urban train tunnel and measuring not only structural behaviors of maximum displacement and acceleration of the panel but also dynamic characteristics of damping ratio and natural frequency.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2011

산업의 발달과 건설재료의 개발 및 설계 시공 기술의 급속한 발전으로 더 가볍고 더 긴 경간을 가진 교량이 건설되고 있다. 그러나 교량이 더 길어지고 가벼워질수록 풍하중에 의한 영향은 더욱 크게 받게 되어 여러 종류의 피해를 입게 된다. 이제는 어느 정도 잘 알려진 1940년에 발생한 Tacoma Narrow교의 붕괴사고는 내풍 설계의 필요성을 극단적으로 보여주는 대표적인 예로서 본격적인 내풍 공학 연구에 시발점이 되었다. 현재까지 아직 시공은 되지 않았으나 기본 설계 및 내풍안정성 평가가 완료되 주경간장 3,300m의 Messina교 및 2,800m의 일본해협횡단도로 프로젝트 초장대 현수교(안)의 출현까지 짧은 기간 동안 비약적인 기술 성장을 이루고 있다. 장대교량의 설계시 많은 풍동실험을 거쳐서 내풍안정성이 뛰어난 단면을 찾게 된다. Akashi교의 경우에도 트러스, 싱글박스, 트윈박스 등의 다양한 단면에 대한 풍동실험을 수행한 끝에 최종적으로 트러스 단면을 선택하였다. Great Belt교에서는 싱글박스 단면을 대상으로 다양한 단부 각도에 대한 결과를 바탕으로 최종 단면을 선정하였다. Stonecutter 교에는 트윈박스를 채용하여 기존 싱글박스를 뛰어넘는 도약을 단행하였다. 그리고 Messina교의 경우에는 약 20년에 걸쳐서 설계를 진행해 오면서 점진적으로 단면을 개선하여 최종적으로 트리플박스 단면을 채택하였다. 국내에서도 광양대교의 설계시 싱글박스에서 시작하여 트윈박스의 간격 최적화를 통하여 최종단면을 도출하였다. Akashi교는 최장경간장을 자랑하지만 고전적인 트러스 단면을 사용함으로써 Great Belt교, Stonecutter교, Messina교 등과 같이 혁신적인 단면을 채택한 교량에 비하여 상대적으로 기술적 가치를 인정받지 못하고 있다. 따라서 새로운 내풍 단면의 개발은 교량 설계를 위한 실용적인 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 경제적이고 내풍안정성이 우수한 도전적인 현수교 단면을 개발하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저 교량 계획 단계에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 기존 강박스 현수교의 제원을 수집하고 그 특성을 분석하여 각종 구조 변수들이 내풍안정성에 미치는 상대적인 영향을 평가하고, 근사적으로 고유진동수를 추정할 수 있는 추정식을 제시하였다. 그 다음으로 초장대 현수교 단면을 개발하기 위하여 다양한 풍동실험을 수행하고 가능한 단면 형상을 제시하였다.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

In this study, scale-down design of full-scale Korean Utility Helicopter (KUH) main rotor blade has been investigated. The scaled model system were designed for the measurement of aerodynamic performance, tip vortex and noise source. For the purpose of considering the same aerodynamic loads, the Mach-scale method has been applied. The Mach-scaled model has the same tip Mach number, and it also has the same normalized frequencies. That is, the Mach-scaled model is analogous to full-scale model in the view point of aerodynamics and structural dynamics. Aerodynamic scale-down process could be completed just by adjusting scaling dimensions and increasing rotating speed. In the field of structural dynamics, design process could be finished by confirming the rotating frequencies of the designed blade with the stiffness and inertial properties distributions produced by sectional design. In this study, small-scaled blade sectional design were performed by applying domestic composite prepregs and structural dynamic characteristics of designed model has been investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.905-911
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• 2012

To establish a floating offshore wind turbine simulation model, a tension leg platform is added to an onshore wind turbine. The wind load is calculated by using meteorological administration data and a power law that defines the wind velocity according to the height from the sea surface. The wind load is applied to the blade and wind tower at a regular distance. The relative Morison equation is employed to generate the wave load. The rated rotor speed (18 rpm) is applied to the hub as a motion. The dynamic behavior of a 2-MW floating offshore wind turbine subjected to the wave excitation and wind load is analyzed. The flexible effects of the wind tower and the blade are analyzed. The flexible model of the wind tower and blade is established to examine the natural frequency of the TLP-type offshore wind turbine. To study the effect of the flexible tower and blade on the floating offshore wind turbine, we modeled the flexible tower model and flexible tower-blade model and compared it with a rigid model.

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2001

Substituting composite structures for conventional metallic structures has many advantages because of higher specific stiffness and specific strength of composite materials. In this work, one-piece driveshafts composed of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites were designed and manufactured for a rear wheel drive automobile satisfying three design specifications, such as static torque transmission capability, torsional buckling and the fundamental natural bending frequency. Single lap adhesive joint was used to join the composite shaft and the aluminum yoke. The torque transmission capability of the adhesively bonded composite shaft was calculated with respect to bonding length and yoke thickness by finite element analysis and compared with the experimental result. Torque transmission capability was based on the Tsai-Wu failure index fur composite shaft and the failure model which incorporated the nonlinear mechanical behavior of aluminum yoke and epoxy adhesive. From the experiments and the finite element analyses, it was found that the static torque transmission capability of the composite driveshaft was highest at the critical yoke thickness, and saturated beyond the critical length. Also, it was found that the one-piece composite driveshaft had 40% weight saving effect compared with a conventional two-piece steel driveshaft.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2005

In this study, the PSC girder bridge retrofitted with external tendons is tested to verify the strengthening effects. We measure the variations of the displacement and strain at mid-span of each beam as external tendons are removed in sequence. The structural behavior of the bridge are examined using controlled truck load tests for the systems before and after all external tendons were removed. From the test results, the characteristics of structural behavior of the bridge do not change significantly, but the natural frequency is decreased after the external tendons are removed. The strengthening effects of bridges can be exactly estimated by analytical methods some extent. As a result of this study, when a PSC girder bridge is deteriorated, the bridge can be retrofitted effectively by External Prestressing Strengthening Method, and the strengthening effects can be predicted through accurate structural analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.10 s.253
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2006

All the loads in the real world are dynamic loads and structural optimization under dynamic loads is very difficult. Thus the dynamic loads are often transformed to static loads by dynamic factors, which are believed equivalent to the dynamic loads. However, due to the difference of load characteristics, there can be considerable differences between the results from static and dynamic analyses. When the natural frequency of a structure is high, the dynamic analysis result is similar to that of static analysis due to the small inertia effect on the behavior of the structure. However, if the natural frequency of the structure is low, the inertia effect should not be ignored. Then, the behavior of the dynamic system is different from that of the static system. The difference of the two cases can be explained from the relationship between the homogeneous and the particular solutions of the differential equation that governs the behavior of the structure. Through various examples, the difference between the dynamic analysis and the static analysis are shown. Also dynamic response optimization results are compared with the results with static loads transformed from dynamic loads by dynamic factors, which show the necessity of the design considering dynamic loads.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.271-281
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• 2005

The effects of radiation damping is used to compensate the truncated boundary which is relatively close to the structure-fluid interface in the fluid element surrounding the submerged structures. An efficient ring element is presented to model the shell and fluid element which fully utilizes the characteristics of the axisymmetry. The computational model uses the technique which separate the meridional shape and circumferential wave mode and gets similar result with the exact solution in the eigenvalues and the earthquake analysis. The fluid-structure interaction techniques is developed in the finite element analysis of two dimensional problems using the relations between pressure, nodal unknown acceleration and added mass assuming the fluid to be invicid, incompressible and irrotational. The effectiveness and efficiency of the technique is demonstrated by analyzing the free vibration and seismic analysis using the added mass matrix considering the structural deformation effect.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

The aseismic capacity of a traditional three-bay-straw-roof wooden house for soft soil site condition is quantitatively estimated. One 1/4 scale model was tested for the Imperial Valley Earthquake up to failure. The natural frequency of the wooden house measured in elastic range is 1.66 Hz and 1.76 Hz in the longitudinal and transversal direction, respectively. Damping ratio of the house measured in elastic range is 7%. The peak horizontal acceleration response of the house was reduced compared with input motion due to the nonlinear inelastic characteristics of the wooden frame. The horizontal displacement response was significantly increased as the level of input motion was increased. The model was collapsed at 0.25g due to the low frequency contents of the input motion. The results of nonlinear seismic analysis were compared with the test results.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

Large spatial structures consist of roof structure and its supporting structure. Authors simply call the supporting structure "lower parts" and roof structure "upper parts". To study the influence of an lower part on the seismic response of the upper part of a structure as a first step, authors substitute the upper part and the lower part of the structure to a single degree of freedom system individually, and set up a new 2 DOF structural model connected by them. It is clarified that the mass ratio and the period ratio of an upper part to a lower part are important parameters to find the amplification or reduction of the seismic response of an upper part.