• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2019

4차 산업혁명의 도래로 산업 유형은 어느 한 종류로 단정하기 어려운 융복합적 형태로 변화를 거듭하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 과거 성장 중심 경제발전 모델이 저성장과 함께 양극화, 고용불안과 같은 다양한 사회문제를 야기함에 따라 새로운 발전 패러다임에 대한 관심과 요구도 그 어느 때보다 높아지고 있다. 이러한 일련의 환경 변화는 과거 제조업 중심의 경제성장을 주도해왔던 한국 공적보증제도에도 혁신을 촉구하고 있다. 신용보증기금은 2018년 현재 총 보증잔액 50.5조원을 보유한, 한국에서 가장 큰 규모의 공적보증기관이으로 지난 1976년 설립 후 40여 년간 산업육성과 시장안정이라는 두 가지 정책적 목표를 달성하기 위해 다양한 산업 분야와 기업에 신용보증을 제공해왔다. 1997년 IMF 외환위기, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 등 국가적 위기 때마다 시장안전판 역할을 성공적으로 수행하며 한국경제가 신속히 위기에서 벗어나는데 공헌하기도 했다. 그러나 이제 신용보증기금은 과거의 성과와 역할에 얽매이지 않고, 급변하고 있는 경제 기술환경 속에서 또 다른 역할을 모색하고 있다. 구체적으로는 중소기업에 대한 보증지원이라는 기존 역할에서 한발 나아가, 혁신생태계 조성, 데이터뱅크 플랫폼 구축, 사회적가치 확산을 위한 전사적 사업구조 혁신을 단행하고 있다. 본 보고서에는 환경변화에 부응해 새로운 역할을 수행하고자 노력하는 신용보증기금의 활동과 성과를 담았다. 여기에 제시된 신용보증기금의 사례들은 벤처캐피탈이 활성화된 서양 국가들과 달리, 정책금융 역할이 상대적으로 중요한 아시아 지역의 중소기업 금융 활성화에 효과적인 정책적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

As global economic conditions are getting uneasy and polarization of our economy is intensified, the economic sentiment of small businesses is still low and unstable. The collapse of worldwide banking systems due to sub prime crisis in 2007 became the catalyst that shakes financial industries in each country in the world; the most sentiment people, small businesspersons, also have hard time facing survival way out, facing a great crisis. All organizing powers including manufactures, wholesales and retails are being gradually greater in mutual relations and dependence, and unstable factors about risks are also increasing. For exterior environmental and physical risk factors which cannot make small businesses survive themselves by developing ways out are eventually increasing, those who cannot cope with these factors face a great crisis. Although the government tries hard to overcome this situation conducting many ways, the effect does not continue. It is the real state that independent business markets including overall employment and establishing business have vicious cycle that they cannot be improved, due to increase of employment centered on short-term labors which lack durability in creation of employment and decline of household income. Recently, growth shows indication of slowdown because of multinational risk factors including financial crisis in each country in Europe, the death of Kim Jung-il, relationship with North Korea, and unstability of war situation in the Middle East Asia. Experts expect that growth rate will be about 4%, and independent business that ordinary people feel is still gloomy. It's reality that there is no adequate alternative for lack of jobs, unstable employment and a means of living after retirement. Also, the fact that large companies enter the market which is narrow and in the excessive competition should be an environmental factor that makes the situation worse. The business concept, a franchise, is the part we should think about whether it is the institutional solution that can guarantee independent businessmen stable life. Major companies are frightfully entering the market today, breaking the barrier to entry and shouting of a win-win with independent businesses. It's the small businesspersons who go through painful domestic recession, cannot predict the future and manage confusing and unstable independent business. It's very important to restore the domestic economy through wisely boosting consumption as soon as possible. It's also important to lead the situation by gathering powers of the government and related organizations, agonizing, suggesting solutions, and establishing accurate directions. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to suggest ways to strengthen competitiveness of small businesspersons by examining small business support policies which are currently implemented.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-36
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• 2017

This study aimed to analyze influencing factors to increase the wage differential between large enterprise and subcontracted small-medium enterprises by using panel data composed of 19 manufacturing industries for 16 years from 1999 to 2014. According to the results of analysis, in large enterprises the elasticity of substitution between the labor inputs and the subcontracted product supplies from small-medium enterprises was significantly less than 1. So, the increase in wages of workers of large enterprises, whose degree of employment protection was relatively high, seemed to increase the share of wage cost in total cost and was resulted to decrease the cost share of subcontracted product supplies significantly. This was interpreted to be able to exert a negative influence upon the price of subcontracted product supplies and the wages of workers in subcontracted small-medium enterprises, and, therefore, to increase the wage differentials between large enterprises and subcontracted small-medium enterprises. Furthermore, it was also found that the increases in the labor union participation rate at large enterprises and the openness rate of the industry concerned were contributing to make such effects much stronger significantly. In order to mitigate the wage differentials and the polarizing trend in labor market, we can suggest to establish a certain kind of flexible wage system and to introduce co-bargaining practices with the workers of subcontracted small-medium enterprises within large enterprises, and also for the workers of small-medium enterprises, to prepare new social systems to upgrade their human resources and job skills drastically.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.337-352
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the characteristics of the working conditions in Korean game industry, focusing on the precarity of game workers. As a research methodology, qualitative and quantitative methods were combined. Specifically, in addition to in-depth interviews with game workers, we conducted a quantitative analysis on adequacy of reward and career prospects recognized by game workers through the Korean Working Conditions Survey(2014/2017). The major findings are as follows. First, game workers were experiencing labor precarity in a way of job insecurity, economic instability and excessive exploitation, as well as loss of autonomy and labor alienation. Second, between 2014 and 2017, the adequacy of reward recognized by game workers was positively improved for companies with 30 or more employees, but was worsen for those with less than 30 employees. In addition, in terms of career prospects, there were no significant changes in the workers of companies with 30 or more employees, but the were worsened for companies with less than 30 employees. These results show that labor precarity in the game industry appears to be different depending on various factors, such as business size, occupation, and career. It also implies that the polarized and inequal structure of the Korean game industry is gradually deepening.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-88
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• 2018

Among the cultural industries, the game industry is the most economically valuable industry. It has been about twenty years since the game policy has been implemented and the game laws have been enacted. If the law is a willing expression for the realization of the policy, the orientation of the game policy can be grasped through revision of the game laws. SOUND RECORDS, VIDEO PRODUCTS, AND GAME SOFTWARE ACT, established in 1999, and GAME INDUSTRY PROMOTION ACT, which was enacted in 2006, are regulated by many revisions. In this paper, I try to understand the direction and meaning of Korean game policy(classification, game dysfunction, gambling, industry growth) through the contents of the revision of the game law for 20 years. The game policy shown through the amendment of the game law is intended to protect the game by regulating the game, and to protect the game user by preventing the gambling and preventing the game dysfunction, and to increase autonomy of users and choice of producers by switching to self rating system, and based on this, an environment for continuous industrial growth is created. In the future, game policies should consider cooperation with social areas beyond game-specific areas. On the other hand, it needs to respond to new agendas such as polarization of industrial structure, fair environment, employment environment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 2022

We analyzed both current local policies and in-depth survey data to find out a way to provide job opportunity and income source to local young people in so-called job guarantee system. The young generation in current Korean society has been experiencing both growth without employment and severe economic inequality at the same time, though they should have taken part actively in social development. Their rights for work and survival have also been threatened and losing hope for the future is an widespread symptom in this generation. Kwangju metropolitan city(KMC) has been supporting certain amount of case income and job experience to young people in Kwangju through a local government policy called Kwangju Young Generation Job Experience Dream Service. In spite of high level of satisfaction from the participants, limitations such as below average job performance level of participants and a barrier in the transition to regular position still remain. This study hopes that a case of Kwangju gives pragmatic insights for a realizable path to expanding universal welfare through assuring job opportunity to the young generation in local area.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2012

The total fertility rate of our nation has been in the world's lowest level with constant falling since it reached an all-time low in 1983. The increase in economic participation of women, difficulties to balance work and family life, and traditional gender role and family norms in our society have been blamed for causing low birth rates. In addition, the current economic recession and increased polarization of wealth make it more difficult for working families to balance work and family life, resulting in lowering fertility rates. The Korean government has recently prepared the second five-year basic plan(2011-2015) to deal with low fertility and population ageing. The basic plan aims at providing support for working families in balancing work and family life and helping people ease the burden of marriage, childbirth, and raising their children. The work-family balance policies based on gender equality will do much to increase fertility rates in the future. In this context, this study examined current status and problems of balancing work and family life in our society, the Korean government and corporate policies for work-family balance, and the effects of policies on childbirth. Suggestions for future directions are presented.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Startups in Korea are experiencing for themselves the laws of survival through competition in the local and international market, and are performing active business movements based on these. Korea's economic growth rate is 2.6% due to the slump in the domestic demand and reduced exports brought by the MERSC incident in 2015. The Korea Development Institute has estimated the economic growth rate in 2016 to be around 3.0%. South Korea's economy is facing the crisis of low-growth solidification due to the decrease in economic growth, and it is forecasted that growth without employment and polarization will worsen. Startups in the high-tech industrial generation of a particular field wherein the market environment is rapidly changing must maintain a competitive advantage with the capabilities and functions exclusive to them. It is very important that they maintain a competitive edge by utilizing the capabilities exclusive to startup companies. Likewise, the accumulation of resources is also crucial in determining the success of a startup business. In a poor local startup ecosystem, majority of the startup companies are performing their business activities while striving for survival, rather than success. About 80% are struggling to survive and are failing to overcome the "Death Valley" faced 3-5 years after establishing the company. Since majority of the startups fail to achieve results during the initial stages of foundation, the importance of research on business activities and achievement during the early stages of establishment is being raised. In accordance to this, this research has performed an actual analysis on how the activities of startups during their preparation phase and early stages affect their achievements. A survey was done on the CEOs or executives (people in a position to make decisions) of local small and medium-sized enterprises that are considered start-ups, and 203 valid data were collected and analyzed. Results showed that the discoveries and utilized activities necessary for the businesses of startups have a significant impact on their achievement through the entrepreneur resources and external partners' cooperation; additionally, the related implications were discussed.