• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.452-458
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• 2016

The study on pH control at the themophilic solubilization (pretreatment process) was investigated in order to improve the methane gas production of two phase anaerobic digestion of food waste. From a batch experiment, it was observed that the solubilization efficiency was increased from 26.2% to 47.1% and 55.6% by the pH increament from $4.20{\pm}0.40$ (without pH control) to $7.00{\pm}0.50$, and $12.00{\pm}0.50$, respectively. However there was immaterial increase (8.5%) in solubilization efficiency when the pH was increased from $7.00{\pm}0.50$ to $12.00{\pm}0.50$. The two phase anaerobic digestion system was operated for laboratory scale experiment under the solubilization condition of pH $4.20{\pm}0.40$ (Run1) and $7.00{\pm}0.50$ (Run2). Higher soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration were observed in Run2 throughout the system resulted by the solubilization effect at the pH $7.00{\pm}0.50$. The TVFA concentration in acidogenic reactor was 18.4 g/L which was 1.8 times higher than the result of Run1. Consequently the methane gas production was enhanced to 0.333 L/g VS in the methanogenic reactor, which is 18% higher than the result (0.282 L/g VS) of Run1.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.184
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• pp.64-69
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• 2001

1998년 기준으로 하수처리장에서 발생하는 슬러지는 약 144만톤/년으로 발생량 대부분을 단순매립과 해양투기로 처리하고 있어서, 각종 규제가 강화됨에 따라 처리방안에 대한 대안 마련이 시급한 실정이다. 특히 단순매립 시에는 슬러지 대부분이 유기물로 부패되어 매립지 내에서 악취, 침출수, 해충 등의 2차 환경오염을 야기시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구개발의 목표는 자가발열 고온호기성 소화(Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digest

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.197-199
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• 1993

현재 고온 초전도 응용에서 실용화가 높은 분야의 하나로 인식되고 있는 고온 초전도 안테나는 단지 연구개발방안만 제시된 기초단계로서 구체적인 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 더우기 기존의 기술로도 해결할 수 없는 일반 안테나의 몇가지 문제점 때문에 기술개발에 어려움이 있다. 정보산업의 급속한 발달과 함께 각종 정보가 범람하고 신속한 통신을 위한 첨단 통신 장비의 사용도 빈번해지므로 우리가 쓸 수 있는 주파수의 영역은 제한을 받게 되고 특히 이동통신 장비의 경우 전파특성 및 안테나크기등에 의하여 가용주파수의 제한은 더욱 심각해질 수 밖에 없다. 따라서 이러한 제약조건들을 극복하고 안테나의 소형화, 경량화, 고효율화 및 잡음대 신호비를 개선하기 위해서는 고온 초전도체의 이용이 절실히 요구된다. 또한 양질의 고온 초전도 박막을 이용한 우수한 박막형 안테나 개발은 차세대 정보통신의 핵심기술로 자리 잡아갈 것이 분명하므로 이 분야에 참여함으로써 높아만 가는 선진국의 고온초전도 기술 장벽에 대처할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고온 초전도체 안테나 개발과정에서 나타나는 수동소자의 개발 파급효과는 국내의 초전도 기술 산업에 커다란 영향을 미칠 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

This study showed that thermophilic anaerobic acid fermentation of food wastes had an enhanced hydrolysis capability and improvement of acidification efficiency. Influence of pH on the anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis was investigated to determine the proper alkalinity in the thermophilic fermentation of food wastes. The results of putting NaOH as alkali to evaluate hydrolysis and acid fermentation efficiency In acid fermentation process of food wastes showed that the food wastes pretreated with 0.05 g NaOH/g TS had the maximum 12,600 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 3 days in $55^{\circ}C$ thermophilic condition and the maximum 9,700 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 5 days in $35^{\circ}C$ mesophilic condition. The accomplishment of high VFAs concentration resulted from that the main component of food wastes such as cellulose, lignin and etc. is performed active chemical decomposition by alkali in thermophilic condition. The major components of VFAs produced from the thermophilic acid fermentation process of food wastes were the short chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2013

Pilot scale study was carried out to produce Volatile Fatty Acids with primary sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant. An acid fermenter was operated at pH 9, $35^{\circ}C$, SRT of 3.5-4.25d, using a final effluent as elutriating water(Mode-I) and pH 9, SRT 5d, temperature of $35^{\circ}C$(Mode-II), $55^{\circ}C$(Mode-III), using a primarily treated water as elutriating water. Although solubilization rate was enhanced with the increase of temperature, the VFAs production rate was decreased. The VS reduction was shown approximately 56%, and the sludge volume reduction was 93%. The optimal conditions for solubilization was obtained at pH 9, $35^{\circ}C$ and SRT of 5d.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

In this study, thermalpretreatment was used to solubilize organic matter contained in sewage sludge before acid fermentation. By thermal pretreatment, solubilization of particulate CODcr, carbohydrate and protein increased. By thermal treatment at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, CODcr solubilization efficiency of the primary sludge reached 8.3%. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, CODcr solubilization efficiency reached 16.5% because of high solubilization ratio of protein under the same pretreatment conditon. The results of anaerobic biodegradability test showed that both VFAs conversion ratio and hydrolysis rate of organic compounds in sewage sludge were improved by thermal pretreatment. Meanwhile, the optimum thermal pretreatment condition was varied with composition of organic compounds in sludge. In this study, the optimun thermal pretreatment condition of the primary sludge, containing high concentration of carbohydrate, was $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, mainly composed of protein, the sludge treated at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes showed the effective organic removal and VFAs production.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2013

Of 1,100 yeast strains which were isolated from various Korean fermented foods, screened for phosphate solubilization, five strains showed the ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate. The 26S rDNA domain D1-D2 sequence analysis revealed the identification of strain Y393 and Y524 as Pichia anomala (99.8 and 100% identity, respectively), Y669 as Pichia farinosa (100% identity), Y901 as Candida versatilis (100% identity), and Y1101 as Pichia subpelliculosa (100% identity). All the phosphate solubilizing strains showed mesophilic characteristics. The temperature range for growth of 4 strains was $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and P. farinosa Y669 was able to grow up to $45^{\circ}C$. The strain C. versatilis Y907 was able to grow at pH range of 5.0~6.0 and showed halophilic characteristics with tolerance to 15% of NaCl concentration. The Phosphate solubilizing yeast strains were survived well in bed soil for 8 weeks which were maintained densities of $10^7{\sim}10^8$ cfu/g. The highest phosphate solubilizing activity was observed in P. subpelliculosa Y1101. It solubilized 697.2 ug/mL of phosphorus from tricalcium phosphate with decrease in pH from 6.8 to 4.37 after 11 days of inoculation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2012

중동권 국가에서 판매되고 있는 차도르용 고가원단으로 Polyester/Acetate 교직물 제품이 있는데 이중에서 특히 Polyester/Diacetate 교직물은 더 높은 가격에 판매되고 있으며 현재 일본에서 거의 독점하고 있는 시장이다. 아세테이트 섬유는 열에 대하여 약하기 때문에 고온에서 염색을 하지 못하고 $80^{\circ}C$에서 염색하고 있으며, 염료도 소수성 염료인 분산염료를 사용하고 있다. 이러한 조건에서 섬유가 충분히 팽윤되지 못하여 염색이 잘 되지 않으며 잔액이 많이 남는 문제가 있다. 또한 염색에 사용하는 계면활성제 계통의 분산제를 사용할 경우 염료와 친화성이 크기 때문에 염료와 결합하여 염색을 저해하는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 계면활성제 계통의 분산제를 사용하는 대신 친수성 글리콜계 용제를 사용하여 염료의 가용화에 의해 단분자 상태로 만들어 소수성 섬유속으로 염료가 충분히 침투할 수 있는지 확인하였다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.232-240
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• 2005

In this study, the IAEA Benchmark problems far HTR-10 and HTTR RCCS were assessed in order to assess the applicability of MARS code, a thermal-hydraulic safety analysis code developed for water reactors. The calculated results were compared with those or THERMIX, THANPACST2 code, and available experimental data. The calculated results showed generally good agreements with those obtained by the THERMIX code and THANPACST2 code. Deviations were analyzed to be originated from the simplification of complicated geometry and from the modeling capability of heat transfer characteristics in the HTGR components such as water cooler and air tooler. Especially, it was found that the radiation heat transfer in the reactor cavity played an important role in the after heat removal in the RCCS. Thus, it is concluded that MARS code can be successfully applied to the calculation of the RCCS cooling capability of the HTGR in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

In this study, spent mushroom substrate (SMS), which consits of lignocellulosic material, was pretreated by hydrothermal method; the changes of biodegradability and methane production yield of pretreated SMS were determined according to formation of lignocellulosic biomass degrading byproducts formation during thermal pretreatment. Based on the results, all hydrothermal pretreatment temperatures showed improved solubilization performance for biomass, and the optimum pretreatment effect was observed at an pretreatment temperature of 150℃ with the highest methane production yield. However, the induced formation of furan derivatives (i.e., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) as byproducts during hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose at severe condition lowered biodegradability and methane yield when the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature was higher than 180℃. Thus, this study revealed that hydrothermal pretreatment could promote anaerobic digestion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass and is of great importance for preventing byproducts formation through pretreatment condition control.