• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.115-126
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• 2022

This study studied the working relationship between national crisis management and national defense elements from a comprehensive security perspective. The elements of national defense are presented in the Integrated Defense Act. Therefore, by presenting the principles, problems, and alternatives of integrated defense, the study was conducted with the aim of protecting the lives and property of the people in the event of a national crisis and strengthen national security. As a theoretical background, an analysis frame was envisioned based on the four stages of crisis management in the 'Comprehensive Crisis Management Model' and the 'Basic Guidelines for National Crisis Management'. Through this, four domestic and foreign case studies were conducted. As a result of the study, it can be confirmed that related laws, organizations, and public awareness must be provided in order for the national defense elements at each stage of national crisis management to work well. For the completeness of national crisis management, it was suggested that the enactment of the Framework Act on National Crisis Management, the establishment of an integrated defense plan, linked training, C4I for communication, strengthening the capabilities of local government heads, and national defense elements of firefighters.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.749-757
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• 2008

Recently, flood damages have increased with heavy rainfall and typhoon influences, and it requires that visualization information to the flood inundation area of downstream in dam discharge. This study developed 3D GIS system that can visualize flood inundation area for Namgang Dam downstream. First, DEMs extracted from NGIS digital maps and IKONOS satellite images were optimized to mount in iWorld engine using TextureMaker and HeightMaker modules. And flood inundation area of downstream could be efficiently extracted with real-time flooding water level using Coordinate Operation System for Flood control In Multi-reservoir (COSFIM) and Flood Wave routing model (FLDWAV) in river cross section. This visualization information of flood inundation area can be used to examine flood weakness district needed in real time Dam operation and be applied to establish the rapid flood disaster countermeasures efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.415-415
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• 2022

IPCC 제5차 보고서('14) 및 세계위험보고서('15) 등에서 기후변화에 대한 과학적 근거를 제시하였으며, 상위 위험요소로 '수자원 위기'를 꼽았다. 전 세계적으로 기후변화로 인한 이상 기상현상이 발생하고 있으며, 국내에서도 최근 기후변화에 따른 수문사상의 변화로 극한홍수 및 극한가뭄 등으로 인한 피해가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 물 관리에서 기후변화는 가장 큰 리스크 요인이므로 물관리 계획 수립 과정에서 기후변화 영향을 고려한 대책을 수립할 필요가 있다. 기후변화에 대한 댐 취약성 평가 관련 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 미래 기후변화의 불확실성을 충분히 고려했다고 보기 어렵기 때문에 현업에서 의사결정 도구로 활용하기에는 한계가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 따라 과거 수문자료 및 특정 기후모델에 의존하지 않고 댐 인프라의 취약성을 평가할 수 있는 새로운 방법론이 필요하다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 기후변화의 불확실성에 대비한 댐 취약성 평가 방법론을 정립하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 진행된 IPCC 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 댐 취약성 평가 연구사례 및 한반도의 기후변화 영향 및 수문변화를 조사하였다. 그리고 기후 스트레스 시나리오 기반 취약성 평가 체계 및 방법론을 정립한 뒤, 월 강우량을 4분위로 나누어 각 분위별 강우량과 기온을 변경하여 기후 스트레스 시나리오를 생성하였다. 생성된 기후 스트레스 시나리오와 IPCC 기후변화 시나리오 기반 취약성 평가를 유출 및 저수지 모형을 결합하여 충주댐, 용담댐, 합천댐, 섬진강댐에 실시하였다. 그 결과 기후 스트레스에 따른 유출 취약성 평가는 20분위 수 갈수량을 이용해 연중 보장확률을 나타내는 것이 효율적이며, 온도의 영향보다는 강우의 변동이 댐 이수안전도 취약성 평가에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-29
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a service norm construct influencing behavioral intention in a service purchasing situation and investigate how the construct is related with other constructs in the theory of planned action model. Furthermore, a moderating variable, self-monitoring concept, in the model is considered. As a result, the influence of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control on behavioral intention were all significant. Other consumers' norm was a significant factor affecting behavioral intention. Service provider norm, however, was not significant. In addition, self-monitoring played a moderating role in the model. The implication of this study is that service company or manager should consider service customer compatibility because focal customers are conscious that they face other customer's response.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1021-1031
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• 2023

State-sponsored cyber attacks are highly impactful because they are carried out to achieve pre-planned goals. As a defender, it is difficult to respond to them because of the large scale of the attack and the possibility that unknown vulnerabilities may be exploited. In addition, overreacting can reduce the availability of users and cause business disruption. Therefore, there is a need for a response policy that can effectively defend against attacks while ensuring user availability. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to collect the number of processes and sessions of defense assets in real time and use them for learning. Using this method to learn reinforcement learning-based policies on a cyber attack simulator, the attack duration based on 100 time-steps was reduced by 27.9 time-steps and 3.1 time-steps for two attacker models, respectively, and the number of "restore" actions that impede user availability during the defense process was also reduced, resulting in an overall better policy.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.121-148
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• 2023

The rapid melting of Arctic sea ice has increased interest in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a viable alternative trade route between Europe and Asia. While extensive research has examined its competitiveness in terms of technical feasibility, safety, profitability, and environmental impact, the topic of the NSR ports remains relatively underrepresented in the literature. Hence, this study aims to contribute to the existing research by assessing the efficiency of 17 NSR ports to gain insights into their operations and identify areas for improvement using models of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The obtained results show that efficient ports mainly belong to the western NSR region, with ports like Murmansk and Varandei consistently demonstrating high efficiency and constant returns to scale. Several ports, such as Onega, Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, and Khatanga, showed inefficiencies in the utilization of berths and quay lengths. The findings not only contribute to academic knowledge but also offer practical implications for NSR port authorities, assisting them in making well-informed decisions regarding infrastructure development plans.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2023

Recently, South Korean newspapers began trying to charge for online news. This study attempts to shed light on the factors that influence payment for online news by analyzing Korea Press Foundation's 2022 Media Audience Survey (N = 58,936). The results of this study showed a steady increase in past payment and paying intent for online news since 2020. Predictors of past payment for online news included gender, age, and education, and interest in political and social issues. News use through specific media (i.e., newspapers, magazines, portals, messengers, social media, video sites, and podcasts), as well as mobile applications and e-mail newsletters, were found to contribute to paid subscriptions. Based on the findings of the study, news organizations should prepare to offer differentiated news content through their own news platforms and establish concrete plans to build trust in news.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.347-356
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• 2023

In the recent war between Ukraine and Russia, low-orbit satellite communication played a major role, and Korea laid a foothold for low-orbit satellite communication services with the successful launch of Nuri in May 2023 and entered a full-scale civilian space age competition. In order to create an ecosystem for ICT digital transformation and data convergence in the field of low-orbit satellite communication, this paper conducts user sentiment analysis by importing posts from Reddit, one of the world's SNS, and extracts need-related sentences through need mining to identify user needs, performs topic modeling to classify topics, and prepares an action plan according to these topics. We hope that this study will be used as a policy resource for the development and innovation of new business models in the field of low-orbit satellite communication, bridging the digital information gap and solving social problems, contributing to sustainable digital transformation and enhancing soft power.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.219-229
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• 2024

This study attempted to analyze the possibility of sports cooperatives for the disabled as a way to improve sports welfare and revitalize sports for the disabled. For this purpose, investigating the possibility as a review of the literature and a survey of 25 sports instructors for the disabled and 20 operators of cooperatives for the disabled, The results of analyzing the possibility with Excel and SPSS V26 programs were verified by the advisory committee to confirm the validity of the following conclusions. First, it found out the recognition, advantage, possibility of development about disabled sports cooperatives disabled sports, instructors' economic factors, social and environmental factors and institutional factors. Second, obvious planning, continuous business model, unity of members and professionalism of operators are important. If you know well about disabled, It will be possible to improve sports welfare and revitalize sports for the disabled through sports cooperatives for the disabled.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

Purpose : Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning is being used widely for the treatment of patients with brain tumor. However, it takes much time to develop an optimal treatment plan, therefore, it is difficult to apply this technique to all patients. To increase the efficiency of this technique, we need to develop standard radiotherapy plant for each site of the brain. Therefore we developed several 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans (3D plans) for tumors at each site of brain, compared them with each other, and with 2 dimensional radiotherapy plans. Finally model plans for each site of the brain were decide. Materials and Methods : Imaginary tumors, with sizes commonly observed in the clinic, were designed for each site of the brain and drawn on CT images. The planning target volumes (PTVs) were as follows; temporal $tumor-5.7\times8.2\times7.6\;cm$, suprasellar $tumor-3\times4\times4.1\;cm$, thalamic $tumor-3.1\times5.9\times3.7\;cm$, frontoparietal $tumor-5.5\times7\times5.5\;cm$, and occipitoparietal $tumor-5\times5.5\times5\;cm$. Plans using paralled opposed 2 portals and/or 3 portals including fronto-vertex and 2 lateral fields were developed manually as the conventional 2D plans, and 3D noncoplanar conformal plans were developed using beam's eye view and the automatic block drawing tool. Total tumor dose was 54 Gy for a suprasellar tumor, 59.4 Gy and 72 Gy for the other tumors. All dose plans (including 2D plans) were calculated using 3D plan software. Developed plans were compared with each other using dose-volume histograms (DVH), normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) and variable dose statistic values (minimum, maximum and mean dose, D5, V83, V85 and V95). Finally a best radiotherapy plan for each site of brain was selected. Results : 1) Temporal tumor; NTCPs and DVHs of the normal tissue of all 3D plans were superior to 2D plans and this trend was more definite when total dose was escalated to 72 Gy (NTCPs of normal brain 2D $plans:27\%,\;8\%\rightarrow\;3D\;plans:1\%,\;1\%$). Various dose statistic values did not show any consistent trend. A 3D plan using 3 noncoplanar portals was selected as a model radiotherapy plan. 2) Suprasellar tumor; NTCPs of all 3D plans and 2D plans did not show significant difference because the total dose of this tumor was only 54 Gy. DVHs of normal brain and brainstem were significantly different for different plans. D5, V85, V95 and mean values showed some consistent trend that was compatible with DVH. All 3D plans were superior to 2D plans even when 3 portals (fronto-vertex and 2 lateral fields) were used for 2D plans. A 3D plan using 7 portals was worse than plans using fewer portals. A 3D plan using 5 noncoplanar portals was selected as a model plan. 3) Thalamic tumor; NTCPs of all 3D plans were lower than the 2D plans when the total dose was elevated to 72 Gy. DVHs of normal tissues showed similar results. V83, V85, V95 showed some consistent differences between plans but not between 3D plans. 3D plans using 5 noncoplanar portals were selected as a model plan. 4) Parietal (fronto- and occipito-) tumors; all NTCPs of the normal brain in 3D plans were lower than in 2D plans. DVH also showed the same results. V83, V85, V95 showed consistent trends with NTCP and DVH. 3D plans using 5 portals for frontoparietal tumor and 6 portals for occipitoparietal tumor were selected as model plans. Conclusion : NTCP and DVH showed reasonable differences between plans and were through to be useful for comparing plans. All 3D plans were superior to 2D plans. Best 3D plans were selected for tumors in each site of brain using NTCP, DVH and finally by the planner's decision.